THE INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BIOCLIMATIC COMFORT CONDITIONS AND NATURAL MORTALITY CASES IN THE ŞANLIURFA PROVINCE BETWEEN 2013-2015

Year 2020, Issue: 41, 346 - 366, 22.01.2020

Mesut Kolbüken Ahmet Serdar Aytaç

https://doi.org/10.32003/igge.653311

Cited By: 3

Abstract

Climate has direct and indirect effects
on settlements, agriculture, tourism, trade, transportation, art, crime cases,
human health and psychology. Changes in climate and atmospheric conditions also
affect mortality cases. Many investigations have been made connected to the
effects of changes which occur on climatic components such as temperature,
humidity, wind speed, atmospheric pressure.

In this study, it is aimed to determine
the relationship between natural mortality cases and bioclimatic comfort
conditions in Şanlıurfa Province in 2013-2015. This investigation is one of the
first studies in Turkey that the relationship between bioclimatic comfort
conditions and natural mortality case has been investigated using analytical
methods. In the scope of the investigation, initially, bioclimatic comfort
conditions of Şanlıurfa were determined by using THI (Thermohygrometric Index)
comfort index. Subsequently, correlation and regression analyses were conducted
in order to determine the relationship between natural mortality cases and
thermal comfort conditions. According to research results, during the
aforementioned study period, it was found that there were statistically
significant relationships between the bioclimatic comfort conditions and
natural mortality cases at daily, ten-days and monthly levels in the Şanlıurfa
Province. The significant relationship was weak at daily and ten-day levels,
while it was moderate at monthly levels. 

Keywords

Şanlıurfa, Bioclimatic Comfort, Natural Mortality, Thermohygrometric Index (THI)

ŞANLIURFA İLİ’NDE 2013-2015 YILLARI ARASINDA BİYOKLİMATİK KONFOR KOŞULLARI İLE DOĞAL ÖLÜM OLAYLARI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI

Abstract

İklimin yerleşme, tarım, sanayi, turizm,
ticaret, ulaşım, sanat, suç olayları, insan sağlığı ve psikolojisi üzerinde doğrudan
ya da dolaylı etkileri mevcuttur. İklim şartları ve atmosferik koşullarda
meydana gelen değişiklikler, ölüm olayları üzerinde de ekilidir. Sıcaklık, nem,
rüzgar hızı ve hava basıncı gibi klimatik parametrelerde meydana gelen
değişikliklerin ölüm olayları üzerinde etkilerine ilişkin çok sayıda araştırma
bulunmaktadır.

Bu araştırmada
2013-2015 yıllarını kapsayan dönemde Şanlıurfa İli’nde, doğal ölüm vakaları ile
biyoklimatik konfor koşulları arasında ilişkinin saptanması amaçlanmıştır. Bu
araştırma, ülkemizde biyoklimatik konfor koşulları ile ölüm vakaları arasındaki
ilişkinin analitik metotlar kullanılarak araştırıldığı ilk araştırmalardan
biridir. Araştırma kapsamında, önce Şanlıurfa İli’nin biyoklimatik konfor
koşulları THI (Sıcaklık Nemlilik İndisi) konfor indisi ile belirlenmiştir.
Akabinde doğal ölüm olayları ile konfor koşulları arasında ilişkiyi belirlemek
amacıyla korelasyon ve regresyon analizleri yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına
göre; araştırma döneminde, Şanlıurfa İli’nde biyoklimatik konfor koşulları ile
doğal ölüm olayları arasında, günlük düzeyde, on günlük düzeyde ve aylık
düzeyde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişkiler bulunmuştur. Bu anlamlı ilişki,
günlük ve on günlük düzeyde zayıf derecede, aylık düzeyde ise orta derecededir.

Keywords

Şanlıurfa, Biyoklimatik Konfor, Doğal Ölüm, Sıcaklık Nemlilik İndisi (THI)

References

• Almedia, S.P., Casimiro, E. & Calheiros, J. (2010). Effects of apparent temperature on daliy mortality in Lizbon and Oporto, Portugal. Environ Health, (9)12. DOI: 10.1186/1476-069X-9-12.
• Analitis, A., Katsouyanni, K., Biggeri, A., Baccini, M., Forsberg, B., Bisanti, L., Kirchmayer, U., Ballester, F., Cadum, E., Goodman, P. G., Hojs, A., Sunyer, J., Tiittanen, P. & Michelozzi, P. (2008). Effects of cold weather on mortality: results from 15 european cities withen the PHEWE project. American Journal of Epidemiology, 168(12), 1397-1408.
• Atalay, İ. (2010). Uygulamalı Klimatoloji. İzmir: META Basım Matbaacılık Yayınları.
• Aytaç, A. S. & Kolbüken, M. (2019). Şanlıurfa merkez ilçelerinde biyoklimatik konfor koşulları ile doğal ölüm olayları arasınındaki ilişkinin değerlendirilmesine yönelik ilk bulgular (2013-2015). Turkish Studies Social Sciences, 14(6), 2885-2906.
• Aytaç, A. S., Yetmen, H., Benek, S., Elmastaş, N., Şahinalp, M. S., Özcanlı, M. & Şahap, A., (2016). Harran Üniversitesi Osmanbey Kampüsü’nin fiziki coğrafyası. The Journal of Academic Social Science (Asos Journal), 37, 473-506.
• Barnett, A. G. (2007). Temperature and cardiovascular deaths in the US elderly: changes over time. Epidemiology (18)3, 369-372.
• Benek, S., Elmastaş, N., Şahinalp, Aytaç, A. S., Yetmen, H., M. S., Özcanlı, M. & Şahap, A., (2019). Harran Üniversitesi Osmanbey Kampüsü’nün Coğrafi Etüdü. İstanbul: Kriter Yayınevi.
• Burch GE & Giles TD. (1970). The burden of a hot and humid environment on the heart. Mod Concepts Cardiovasc Dis, 39, 115–120.
• Burch, GE. & Ansari A. (1969). Climatic factors in ischemic heart disease. South Med J., 62, 579–582.
• Colwell, R.R., Epstein, PR., Cubler, D., Maynard, N., Mc Michael AJ & Patz JA (1998). Climate change and human health. Science, 279(5353), 968–969.
• Curriero, F.C., Heiner K.S., Samet J.M., Zeger S.L., Strug, L. &Patz JA (2002). Temperature and mortality in 11 cities of the eastern United States. Am J Epidemiol, 155(1), 80– 87.
• Diaz, J., Garcia, R., de Velaquez C. F., Hernandez E., Lopez, C. & Otero, A. (2002). Effects of Extremely Hot Days on People Older Than 65 Years in Seville (Spain) From 1986 to 1997. Int J Biometeorol, 46(3), 145-149.
• Diaz, J., Garcia, R., Lopez, C., Linares, C., Tobias, A., Prieto, L. (2005). Mortality impact of extreme winter temperatures. Int J Biometeorol, 49, 179-183.
• Díaz, J., García-Herrera, R., Trigo, R.M., Linares, C., Valente, M.A., De Miguel J.M. & Hernández, E. (2006). The impact of the summer 2003 heat wave in Iberia: how should we measure it? Int J Biometeorol, 50, 159–166.
• Donaldson, G. C., Ermakov, S. P., Komarow, Y. M., McDonald, C. P. & Keatinge, W. R. (1998). Cold related mortalities and protection aganist cold in Yakutsk, eastern Siberia: observation and interview study. BMJ, 317, 978-982.
• Fish, PD., Bennett, GC. & Millard PH. (1985). Heat wave morbidity and mortality in old age. Age Aging, 14(4), 243–245.
• Flynn, A., McGreevy, C. & Mulkerrin, EC. (2005). Why do older patients die in a heat wave. Int J Med., 98, 227–229.
• Glantz, SA. (1993). Heart disease and the environment. J Am Coll Cardiol., 21, 1473–1474.
• Gosling, SN., Lowe, JA., McGregor, GR., Pelling, M. & Malamud BD. (2009). Associations between elevated atmospheric temperature and human mortality: a critical review of the literatüre. Climatic Change, 92(3–4), 299–341.
• Güçlü, Y. (2009). Batı Karazdeniz Bölümü kıyı kuşağında klimatik konfor ve deniz turizmi mevsiminin iklim koşullarına göre belirlenmesi. Türk Coğrafya Dergisi, 53, 1-14.
• Hajat, S. & Kosatky, T. (2010). Heat-related mortality: a rivew and exploration of heteogeneity. J Epidemiol Community Health, 64, 753-760.
• Hajat, S., Kovats, R. S. & Lachowycz, K. (2007). Heat-related and cold-related deaths in England and Wales: Who is at risk? Occup Environ Med, 64, 93-100.
• Hajat, S., Kovats, R. S., Atkinson, R. W. & Haines, A. (2002). Impact of hot temperatures on death in London: A time series approach. J Epidemiol Community Health, 56, 367- 372.
• Heudorf, U. & Meyer, C. (2005). Gesundheitliche Auswirkungen extremer Hitze—am Beispiel der Hitzewelle und der Mortalität in Frankfurt am Main im August 2003. Gesundheitswesen, 67, 369–374.
• Huynen, M., Martens, P., Schram, D., Weijenberg, MP. & Kunst AE. (2001). The impact of heat waves and cold spells on mortality rates in the Dutch population. Environ Health Perspect, 109(5), 463–465.
• Iñiguez, C., Ballester, F., Ferrandiz, J., Pérez-Hoyos, S., Sáez, M., & López, A. (2010). “Relation between temperature and mortality in thirteen Spanish cities”, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 7(8), 3196-3210.
• Kalkstein, L. S. & Greene, J. S. (1997). An evaluation of climate/mortality relationships in large US cities and the possible impacts of a climate change. Environmental Health Perspectives, 105(1), 84-93.
• Kassomenos, PA., Gryparis, A. & Katsouyanni, K. (2007). On the association between daily mortality and air mass types in Athens, Greece during winter and summer. Int J Biometeorol., 51, 315–322.
• Keatinge, W. R. & Donaldson, G. C. (1997). Cold exposure and winter mortality from ischaemic heart disease cerebrovascular disease, respiratory disease and all causes in warm and cold regions of europe. The Lancet, 349.
• Kolbüken, M., (2018). Şanlıurfa İli'nde biyoklimatik konfor koşulları ile doğal ölüm olayları arasındaki ilişkinin değerlendirilmesi (2013 -2015). (Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Harran Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Şanlıurfa).
• Koppe, C., Jendritzky, G. & Pfaff G. (2003). Die Auswirkungen der Hitzewelle 2003 auf die Gesundheit. DWD Klimastatusbericht, 152–162.
• Kunst, AE., Looman, CWN. & Mackenbach, JP., (1993). Outdoor air temperature and mortality in The Netherlands. A time-series analysis. Am J Epidemiol., 137, 331–341.
• Kyle, W. J. (1994). The human bioclimate of Hong Kong. In Brazdil R,Kolar, M. (eds) Proceedings of the Contemporary Climatology Conference, Brno. TISK LITERA, Brno., 345- 350.
• Laaidi, M., Laaidi, K. & Besancenot J (2006). Temperature-related mortality in France, a comparison between regions with different climates from the perspective of global warming. Int J Biometeorol., 51, 145–153.
• Matzarakis, A., Muthers, S. & Koch, E. (2011). Human biometeorological evaluation of heat-related mortality in Vienna. Theor Appl Climatol, 105, 1-10.
• Michelozzi, P., Fano, V., Forastiere, F., Barca, A., Kalkstein, L. & Perucci, C., (2000). Weather conditions and elderly mortality in Rome during summer. Bull World Met Org, 49, 348–355.
• Miron, IJ., Criado-Alvarez, JC., Díaz, J., Linares, C., Mayoral, S. & Montero JC (2008). Time trends in minimum mortality temperatures in Castile-La Mancha (Central Spain): 1975–2003. Int J.Biometeorol., 52, 291–299.
• Muthers, S., Matzarakis, A. & Koch, E. (2010). Climate change and mortality in Vienna: A human biometeorological analysis based on regional climate modeling. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Healt, 2965-2977.
• Nastos, P. T. & Matzarakis, A. (2008). The effect of air temperature and thermal index THI on mortality ın Athens, Greece. ICB, Human 1, Poster.
• Nastos, P. T., & Matzarakis, A. (2012). The effect of air temperature and human thermal indices on mortality in Athens, Greece. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 108 (3-4), 591-599.
• Nastos, P. T., Giaouzaki, K. N., Kampanis, N. A. & Matzarakis, A. (2013). Acute coronary syndromes related to bio-climate in a Mediterranean area. The case of IeraTHIra, Crete Island, Greece. International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 23(1), 76-90.
• Robine, JM., Cheung, SL., Le Roy, S., Van Oyen, H. & Herrmann, FR. (2007). Report on excess mortality in Europe during summer 2003 EU Community Action Programme for Public Health. Grant Agreement 2005114.
• Rooney, C., McMichael, AJ., Kovats,. RS. & Coleman MP. (1998). Excess mortality in England and Wales and in Greater London, during the 1995 heat wave. J Epidemiol Community Health, 52(8), 482–486.
• Sáez, M., Sunyer, J., Castellsagué, J., Murillo, C. & Antó JM (1995). Relationship between weather temperature and mortality: a time series analysis approach in Barcelona. Int J Epidemiol., 24, 576–582.
• Semenza, JC., McCullough, J., Flanders, DW., McGeehin, MA. & Lumpkin, JR. (1999). Excess hospital admissions during the 1995 heat wave in Chicago. Am J Prev Med., 16, 269–277.
• Thom, E.C. (1959). The Discomfort İndex. Weatherwise, 12, 57-60
• Toy, S. (2004). Erzurum Kenti açık yeşil alanlarda biyoklimatik etkinin belirlenmesi. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Atatürk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Erzurum).
• Toy, S., (2010). Biyoklimatik konfor değerleri bakımından Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi rekreasyonel alanlarının incelenmesi. (Doktora Tezi, Atatürk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Erzurum).
• Toy, S., Aytaç, A.S., Kantor N., (2016). Human biometeorogical analysis of the thermal conditions of the hot Turkish city of Şanlıurfa. Theoretical and Applied Climatology. 131 (1- 2), 611-623
• TUİK, (2019). 06.01.2020 tarihinde https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=114&locale=tr, adresinden edinilmiş istatistiki veri
• Türkeş, M., (2010). Klimatoloji ve Meteoroloji. İstanbul: Kriter Yayınevi.
• Türkoğlu, N., Çalışkan, O., Çiçek, İ. & Yılmaz, E. (2012). Şehirleşmenin biyoklimatik koşullara etkisinin Ankara ölçeğinde incelenmesi. Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(1), 932-955.
• Tzenkova, A., Ivancheva, J., Koleva, E. & Videnov, P. (2007). The Human comfort conditions at Bulgarian Black Sea Side. Developments in Tourism Climatology (ed. A. Matzarakis, C.R. De Freitas ve D Scoot) 150-157.
• Ungar, S. (1999). Is strange weather in the air? A study of U.S. national network news coverage of extreme weather events. Climatic Change, 41,133–150.
• Urger, J. (1999). Comparisons of urban anda rural biovlimatological conditions in the case of a central-Eroupan city. International Journal of Biometeorology, 43, 39-44.
• WHO (2003). The health impacts of 2003 summer heat waves. Briefing note for the elegations of the 53rd session of the WHO Regional Committee for Europe, 8 Sept 2003, Vienna.