Kanserin Önlenmesinde ve Tedavisinde Güncel Beslenme Yaklaşımları

Abstract

Kanser hücrelerin kontrolsüzce bölünmesiyle meydana gelen bir hastalık grubudur. Son zamanlarda prevalansı dünyada ve ülkemizde atmakta olan kanser önde gelen ölüm nedenlerindendir. Meme, akciğer, kolon ve rektum ve prostat kanserleri en sık görülen kanser türlerindendir. Kanser oluşum nedenlerine bakıldığında hem genetik hem de çevresel etmenlerden etkilendiği görülmektedir. Gerek tanı öncesi gerekse tedaviye başlandıktan sonra kanser hastalarında beslenmenin önemi büyüktür. Kanser tedavisinde, cerrahi, kemoterapi, radyoterapi, kemoradyoterapi ve immünoterapi gibi birçok yöntem kullanılmaktadır. Tedavi sürecinde hasta tedavinin şekline ve seyrine bağlı olarak birçok beslenme problemi ile karşılaşmaktadır. Örneğin malnütrisyon kanser hastalarında oldukça sık görülen problemlerden bir tanesidir. Özellikle yağsız doku kaybına neden olarak vücut direncini düşürmektedir. Ayrıca anti-kanser tedavisi sürecinde yan etkiler doğurarak iyileşme sürecini olumsuz etkilediği bildirilmektedir. Kanserde optimal beslenme tedavisi sık araştırılan konulardandır ancak halen belirsizliğini korumaktadır. Günümüzde, hem kanseri önleme hem de kanser tedavisinde çeşitli beslenme yaklaşımları gündeme gelmektedir. Bu yaklaşımlardan bazıları, oral nütrisyonel suplement kullanımı, ketojenik diyet uygulaması, probiyotik kullanımı ve fonksiyonel besin uygulamalarıdır. Bu önleme ve tedavi yaklaşımlarına yönelik kanıtlar tartışmalı olmasına rağmen umut vaat etmektedir. Kanser hastalığı hassas bir süreç olduğundan beslenme yaklaşımlarının hastada yan etki oluşturmayacak bir biçimde uygulanmasına dikkat edilmelidir. Bu derlemenin amacı, kanserin önlenmesinde ve tedavisinde güncel beslenme yaklaşımlarını literatür bilgileri ışığında incelemektir.

Keywords

• Kanser
• beslenme
• diyet tedavisi

Current Nutritional Approaches in the Prevention and Treatment of Cancer

Abstract

Cancer is a group of diseases that occur when cells divide uncontrollably. Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, with its prevalence rising both globally and in our country. Breast, lung, colon and rectum and prostate cancers are among the most common types of cancer. Cancer development is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Nutrition is of great importance in cancer patients, both before diagnosis and after treatment. Many methods such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, chemoradiotherapy and immunotherapy are used in cancer treatment. During the treatment process, the patient encounters many nutritional problems depending on the form and course of the treatment. Malnutrition, for instance, is among the most common complications observed in cancer patients. It reduces body resistance, especially by causing loss of lean tissue. In addition, it is reported that it negatively affects the healing process by causing side effects during the anti-cancer treatment process. Optimal nutritional therapy in cancer is one of the most frequently researched topics, but it still remains unclear. Today, various nutritional approaches are on the agenda for both cancer prevention and cancer treatment. Some of these approaches are oral nutritional supplement use, ketogenic diet application, probiotic use and functional food applications. The evidence for these prevention and treatment approaches is promising, although controversial. Since cancer is a sensitive process, care should be taken to apply nutritional approaches in a way that does not cause side effects in the patient. The aim of this review is to examine current nutritional approaches in the prevention and treatment of cancer in light of the current literature.

Keywords

• Cancer
• nutrition
• diet therapy

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