What Should be the Ideal Carbohydrate Intake in Type 1 Diabetes?: A Literature Review

Abstract

The purpose of this literature review is to assess the impact of carbohydrate intake through diet on postprandial glycemia for individuals with type 1 diabetes and to provide insight into the recommended carbohydrate intake outlined in national and international guidelines by determining ideal intake quantities. A literature search and standard data extraction were conducted using Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science Databases. The literature review spanned from January to June 2023. Given the limited number of studies involving individuals with type 1 diabetes, a total of 7 research articles were thoroughly examined. While both long-term and short-term studies have investigated high- and low-carbohydrate diets in type 1 diabetes, only one study design was found that explored the effects of closely related ratios (comparing 45% to 50%) on postprandial glycemia. Although many studies have primarily concentrated on low-carb diets, there exists a gap in the scientific literature despite some evidence indicating potential glycemic improvements in individuals with type 1 diabetes on such diets. It's noted that adopting such a diet might elevate the risk of cardiovascular diseases in the long run and potentially hinder growth, particularly in children. This literature review has identified various interventions with positive impacts on glycemic control for different levels of carbohydrate intake. General recommendations from guidelines developed for individuals with type 1 diabetes suggest that 50% of total energy intake should come from carbohydrates, with a preference for complex carbohydrate sources.

Keywords

• Type 1 diabetes
• carbohydrate intake
• postprandial glycemia

Tip 1 Diyabette İdeal Karbonhidrat Alımı Ne Olmalıdır?: Literatür Taraması

Abstract

Bu literatür taramasının amacı, tip 1 diyabetli bireylerde diyette karbonhidrat alımının postprandiyal glisemi üzerindeki etkisini değerlendirmek ve ideal alım miktarlarını belirleyerek ulusal ve uluslararası kılavuzlarda belirtilen önerilen karbonhidrat alımına ilişkin fikir sağlamaktır. Google Akademik, PubMed ve Web of Science veritabanları kullanılarak literatür taraması yapılmıştır. Literatür taraması Ocak-Haziran 2023 dönemini kapsamaktaydı. Tip 1 diyabetli bireyleri kapsayan sınırlı sayıdaki çalışma göz önüne alındığında, toplam 7 araştırma makalesi kapsamlı bir şekilde incelenmiştir. Hem uzun süreli hem de kısa süreli çalışmalar tip 1 diyabette yüksek ve düşük karbonhidratlı diyetleri araştırırken, yakın oranların (%45 ila %50'yi karşılaştıran) postprandiyal glisemi üzerindeki etkilerini araştıran yalnızca bir çalışma tasarımı bulunmuştur. Pek çok çalışma öncelikle düşük karbonhidratlı diyetler üzerine yoğunlaşmış olsa da, bu tür diyetler uygulayan tip 1 diyabetli bireylerde potansiyel glisemik iyileşmeler olduğunu gösteren bazı kanıtlara rağmen bilimsel literatürde bir boşluk bulunmaktadır. Bu diyetlerin benimsenmesinin uzun vadede kardiyovasküler hastalık riskini artırabileceği ve özellikle çocuklarda büyümeyi engelleyebileceği belirtilmektedir. Bu literatür incelemesi, farklı karbonhidrat alımı seviyeleri için glisemik kontrol üzerinde olumlu etkileri olan çeşitli müdahaleleri tanımlamıştır. Tip 1 diyabetli bireyler için geliştirilen kılavuzlardaki genel öneriler, toplam enerji alımının %50'sinin karbonhidratlardan gelmesi gerektiğini ve kompleks karbonhidrat kaynaklarının tercih edilmesini önermektedir.

Keywords

• Tip 1 diyabet
• karbonhidratlı alımı
• postprandial glisemi

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