Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu Olan Çocuklarda Glutensiz ve Kazeinsiz Diyetin Gastrointestinal Semptomlara Etkisi

Abstract

Amaç: Otizm spektrum bozukluğu (OSB) olan çocuklarda glutensiz-kazeinsiz (GFCF) diyetin GİS semptomları, besin tüketimi ve ebeveynlerinin yaşam kalitesi üzerine etkisini incelemektir. Yöntem: Yarı deneysel bu çalışmada, gönüllülük esasıyla dahil edilen diyet müdahale (n=12) ve kontrol grubunun (n=15) tanımlayıcı özellikleri ve besin tüketimleri sorgulanmıştır. Diyet uygulama öncesi ve sonrası (12 hafta süreyle) olmak üzere GİS semptomları izlem formu, Otizm Öğün Davranış Kısa Ölçeği (BAMBI) ve Otizmde Yaşam Kalitesi Anketi-Ebeveyn Sürümü (OYKA-E) soru kâğıtları 2 defa uygulanmıştır. Bulgular: Glutensiz-kazeinsiz diyet grubundaki OSB’li çocukların 12 hafta sonundaki değerlendirmelerinde, günlük karbonhidrat ve kalsiyum alımının istatistiksel olarak azaldığı görülmüştür (p=0,041). Glutensiz-kazeinsiz diyet grubundaki OSB’li çocuklardan diyet öncesi 7 OSB'li çocuk bir veya birkaç GİS semptom yaşarken, diyet sonrası GİS semptomu yaşayanların sayısı 3’e düşmüştür ancak bu fark istatistiksel olarak anlamı bulunmamıştır (p=0.310). Diyet öncesi ve sonrası yaşam memnuniyeti puan ortalaması kıyaslandığında; GFCF diyet grubundaki OSB’li çocukların; diyet öncesi puan ortalamaları 4,33±2,57; diyet sonrası 8,00±1,91 puan olarak belirlenmiştir (p=0,002). Glutensiz-kazeinsiz diyet grubundaki çocukların ebeveynlerin çoğu (%91,6) diyete devam edeceğini, %75,0’i ise diyetin çocuklarının beslenme alışkanlıklarının düzene soktuğunu beyan etmiştir. Sonuç: OSB’li çocuklarda GFCF diyetinin GİS semptomlarını ve ebeveynlerin yaşam kalitesini iyileştirici etkisi gözlenmiştir. Ancak ebeveynlerin diyetisyen danışmanlığında çocukların büyüme ve gelişmesi izlenerek, gerekli besin destekleri yapılarak diyeti sürdürmeleri gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Keywords

• BAMBI
• gastrointestinal sistem semptomları
• glutensiz kazeinsiz diyet
• otizm spektrum bozukluğu
• OYKA-E

Gluten-Free and Casein-Free Diet Effect on Gastrointestinal Symptoms at Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Abstract

Aim: The aim of the study is to examine the effect of gluten-free-casein-free (GFCF) diet on GIS symptoms, food consumption, and parental quality of life in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Method: In this semi-experimental study, the descriptive characteristics and food consumption of the dietary intervention (n=12) and control groups (n=15), who were included on a voluntary basis, were questioned. The GIS symptoms follow-up form, the Autism Meal Behavior Brief (BAMBI), Quality of Life in Autism Questionnaire-Parent Version (OYKA-E) question papers were applied twice before and after the diet (for 12 weeks). Results: The children with ASD in the GFCF diet group, daily carbohydrate and calcium intakes were found to be statistically reduced (p=0.041). Among the children in the GFCF diet group, 7 children with ASD experienced one or more GIS symptoms before the diet, while the number of children with GIS symptoms after the diet decreased to 3, but this difference was not statistically significant. (p=0.310). Children with ASD in the GFCF diet group; The mean scores before the diet were 4.33±2.57 points, and 8.00±1.91 points after the diet. (p=0.002). Most of the parents (91.6%) of the children in the GFCF diet group stated that they would continue the diet, while 75.0% stated that the diet regulated their children's eating habits. Conclusion: GFCF diet improved GIS symptoms and parents' quality of life in children with ASD. However, it was concluded that parents should follow the growth and development of the children under the consultancy of a dietitian and maintain the diet by providing the necessary nutritional support.

Keywords

• Autism spectrum disorder
• BAMBI
• gastrointestinal system symptoms
• gluten-casein-free diet
• OYKA-E

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