In Vitro Investigation of the Therapeutic Effects of Coriander Powder Extract in the Detoxification of Pb and Cd Exposure

Abstract

Aim: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of coriander seed powder extract on the chelation rate of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in saliva, stomach and intestine using an in vitro digestion model. Method: The method recommended by the Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) was used as an in vitro digestion model. 5 different concentrations (50, 100, 200, 300 and 500 mg) of coriander and garlic powder extracts, to which 100 ppm Cd and Pb were added, were digested in saliva, stomach and intestine. Cd and Pb ratios in each medium were measured by ICP- OES device. Results: As the amount of coriander (50, 100, 200, 300 and 500 mg) increased, the bioavailability of Cd similarly decreased in saliva to 73.09%, 69.72%, 68.86%, 69.71% and 64.70%, respectively, in the stomach environment to 35.93%, 38.40%, 38.46%, 37.06% and 34.44%, and in the intestinal environment to 16.45%, 15.09%, 11.89%, 4.69% and 3.70%. The bioavailability of Pb decreased in saliva to 72.72%, 67.16%, 69.46%, 68.31% and 64.06%, respectively, in the stomach it decreased to 37.50%, 35.97%, 37.07%, 34.93% and 33.81% respectively, and in the intestine it decreased to 16.83%, 14.94%, 9.86%, 4.26% and 3.10% respectively. Coriander was found to be effective in reducing the bioavailability of both Pb and Cd. In the medium-based comparison, the availability of Cd was highest in saliva and lowest in the intestine. In coriander extracts, Cd availability was significantly reduced compared to the control group (p < 0.01). A statistically significant decrease in availability was detected as the concentration increased (p < 0.01). In the medium-based comparison, the bioavailability of Pb was highest in saliva and lowest in the intestine. A significant decrease in the bioavailability of Pb was detected. Conclusion: This study has demonstrated that coriander possesses the capacity to bind cadmium and lead in an in vitro digestion model. Furthermore, this study has determined that coriander can be used as an alternative to chemical chelators (e.g. D-penicillamine) that may be harmful to the body in cases of chronic heavy metal exposure. Therefore, as an alternative, it is recommended to regularly provide coriander tablets or coriander consumption to prevent Cd and Pb exposure.

Keywords

• Heavy metal
• lead
• cadmium
• medicinal
• aromatic plant
• coriander

Pb ve Cd Maruziyetinin Detoksifikasyonunda Kişniş Toz Ekstraktının Terapötik Etkilerinin in Vitro İncelenmesi

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışma, in vitro sindirim modelini kullanarak, kişniş tohumu toz ekstarktının tükürük, mide ve bağırsak ortamında kadmiyum (Cd) ve kurşunu (Pb) şelatlama oranı üzerindeki etkisini incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yöntem: İn vitro sindirim modeli olarak Hollanda Ulusal Halk Sağlığı ve Çevre Enstitüsü’nün (RIVM) önerdiği metot kullanılmıştır. 100 ppm Cd ve Pb ilave edilmiş, 5’er farklı konsantrasyonda (50, 100, 200, 300 ve 500 mg) kişniş toz ekstresi, tükürük, mide ve bağırsak ortamında sindirim işlemine tabi tutulmuştur. Her bir ortamdaki Cd ve Pb oranları ICP-OES cihazı ile ölçülmüştür. Bulgular: Kişniş miktarı (50, 100, 200, 300 ve 500 mg) arttıkça Cd’nin biyoerişilebilirliği benzer şekilde tükürükte sırasıyla %73,09, %69,72, %68,86, %69,71 ve %64,70’e, mide ortamında %35,93, %38,40, %38,46, %37,06 ve %34,44’e ve bağırsak ortamında ise %16,45, %15,09, %11,89, %4,69 ve %3,70 ‘ e düşmüştür. Pb'nin biyoerişilebilirliği ise tükürükte sırasıyla %72,72, %67,16, %69,46, %68,31 ve %64,06’e, midede sırasıyla %37,50, %35,97, %37,07, %34,93 ve %33,81’e ve bağırsakta sırasıyla %16,83, %14,94, %9,86, %4,26 ve %3,10’ a düşmüştür. Kişnişin hem Pb hem de Cd'nin biyoerişilebilirliğini azaltmada etkili olduğu görülmüştür. Ortam bazlı karşılaştırmada, Cd’nin erişilebilirliği en yüksek tükürükte, en düşük ise bağırsakta gözlemlenmiştir. Kişniş ekstraktlarında, kontrol grubuna kıyasla Cd erişilebilirliği anlamlı düzeyde azaldığı görülmüşür (p<0.01). Konsantrasyon arttıkça erişilebilirlikte istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir azalma tespit edilmiştir (p<0.01). Ortam bazlı karşılaştırmada, Pb’nin biyoerişilebilirliği, en yüksek tükürükte, en düşük değerler bağırsakta gözlemlenmiştir. Pb’nin biyoerişilebililiğinde anlamlı azalma tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç: Bu çalışma kişnişin in vitro sindirim modelinde Cd ve kurşunu bağlama kapasitesine sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Ayrıca bu çalışma ile kişnişin, kronik ağır metal maruziyetinde vücut için zararlı olabilecek kimyasal şelatörlerin (örn. D-penisilamin) yerine kullanılabileceği belirlenmiştir. Bu nedenle, alternatif olarak, Cd ve Pb maruziyetini önlemek için düzenli olarak kişniş tabletlerinin veya kişniş tüketiminin sağlanması önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ağır metal
• kurşun
• kadmiyum tıbbi aromatik bitki
• kişniş

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