Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Application in Children

Abstract

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an advanced treatment for patients with failing heart and lung function. Especially in cases of cardiorespiratory failure that do not respond to conventional treatment methods, ECMO can increase patients' chances of survival by supporting the function of vital organs. ECMO therapy is used in a wide range of patients from newborns to adults. In newborns, effective results can be obtained especially in cases such as respiratory distress, congenital heart diseases and meconium aspiration, while in adults, it is successfully applied in diseases such as severe cardiopulmonary failure, viral infections such as COVID-19 and severe pulmonary embolism. Over time, technological advances in ECMO devices and increased clinical experience have increased the effectiveness of the treatment and expanded its area of use. The effectiveness of ECMO depends on factors such as the general health status of the patient, the likelihood of response to treatment and the reversibility of the disease. Therefore, the success of ECMO therapy is directly related to correct patient selection and timely intervention. A multidisciplinary approach and the role of an expert ECMO team are crucial for the successful implementation of this treatment modality.

Keywords

• Child
• extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
• cardiopulmonary support

Çocuklarda Ekstrakorporeal Membran Oksijenasyon Uygulaması

Abstract

Ekstrakorporeal membran oksijenasyonu (ECMO), kalp ve akciğer fonksiyonları yetersiz kalan hastalar için uygulanan, ileri düzey bir tedavi yöntemidir. Özellikle geleneksel tedavi yöntemlerine yanıt vermeyen kardiyorespiratuar yetmezlik durumlarında, ECMO, hayati organların fonksiyonlarını destekleyerek hastaların yaşama şansını artırabilir. ECMO tedavisi, yenidoğanlardan yetişkinlere kadar geniş bir hasta grubunda kullanılmaktadır. Yenidoğanlarda özellikle solunum distressi, konjenital kalp hastalıkları ve mekonyum aspirasyonu gibi durumlarda etkin sonuçlar elde edilebilirken, yetişkinlerde de ciddi kardiyopulmoner yetmezlik, COVID-19 gibi viral enfeksiyonlar ve ağır pulmoner emboli gibi hastalıklarda başarıyla uygulanmaktadır. Zaman içinde ECMO cihazlarındaki teknolojik gelişmeler ve klinik deneyimin artması, tedavinin etkinliğini artırmış ve kullanım alanını genişletmiştir. ECMO’nun etkinliği, hastanın genel sağlık durumu, tedaviye yanıt verme olasılığı ve hastalığın geri döndürülebilirliği gibi faktörlere bağlıdır. Bu nedenle, ECMO tedavisinin başarısı, doğru hasta seçimi ve zamanında müdahale ile doğrudan ilişkilidir. Bu tedavi yönteminin başarıyla uygulanabilmesi için multidisipliner bir yaklaşım ve uzman bir ECMO ekibinin rolü oldukça önemlidir.

Keywords

• Çocuk
• Ekstrakorporeal Membran Oksijenasyonu
• Kardiyopulmoner Destek

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