Vitamin D in a Nutshell

Year 2017, Issue: 1, 59 - 69, 26.04.2017

Başak Gökçe Çöl , Eda Merve Kurtuluş , Fuzail Mohammed Majoo

Abstract

This review comprises the synthesis, function,
measurement and also the recommendations of Vitamin D and its derivates. In
light of the evidence provided by clinical trials, deficient vitamin D levels
were found to be correlated with higher incidences of rickets, skeletal
disorders, diabetes, obesity, cardio vascular disorders, asthma, depression,
schizophrenia and immune disorders. Vitamin D  supplementation which is
available at low cost and with a wide therapeutic window, should be implemented
to the population and should be monitored only in patients with a high risk of
kidney and liver diseases, hyperparathyroidism, sarcoidosis, tuberculosis and
histoplasmosis.

Keywords

Vitamin D function, Vitamin D deficiency, Vitamin D sources

Kısaca D Vitamini

Abstract

Bu
derleme D Vitamini ve türevlerinin sentezi, fonksiyonu, ölçümü ve önerilen D
vitamin kullanım dozlarını incelemektedir. Klinik deney bulgularının ışığı
altında D vitamin eksikliği raşitizm, kas-kemik bozuklukları, diyabet, obezite,
kardiyo vasküler bozukluklar, astım, depreseyon, şizofreni ve bağışıklık
sistemi bozuklukları ile alakalı bulunmuştur. D vitamini takviyeleri düşük
maliyetli olup odukça geniş bir terapötik alan etkinliğine sahip olduğundan
toplumca kullanımı özendirilmelidir. D vitamini kullanımına bağlı gelişebilecek
toksitite ve yan etkilerin önüne geçilmesi için doz takibinin karaciğer ve
böbrek hastalıkları açısından riskli gruplarda ve hiperparatiroidizm,
sarkoidoz, tüberküloz ve histoplazmoliz durumlarında yapılması etkili ve
yeterlidir.

Keywords

D vitamini işlevi, D Vitamini eksikliği, D Vitamini kaynakları

References

• Bikle DD. Vitamin D metabolism, mechanism of action, and clinical applications. Chem Biol. 2014;21(3):319-329. doi:10.1016/j.chembiol.2013.12.016.
• Calcium I of M (US) C to RDRI for VD and, Ross AC, Taylor CL, Yaktine AL, Valle HB Del. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. National Academies Press (US); 2011. doi:10.17226/13050.
• Havinga E. Vitamin D, example and challenge. Experientia. 1973;29(10):1181-1193. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4758912. Accessed January 26, 2017.
• Jäpelt RB, Jakobsen J. Vitamin D in plants: a review of occurrence, analysis, and biosynthesis. Front Plant Sci. 2013;4:136. doi:10.3389/fpls.2013.00136.
• Chun RF, Peercy BE, Orwoll ES, Nielson CM, Adams JS, Hewison M. Vitamin D and DBP: The free hormone hypothesis revisited. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2014;144 (PART A):132-137. doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.09.012.
• Tripkovic L, Lambert H, Hart K, et al. Comparison of vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 supplementation in raising serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D status: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012;95(6):1357-1364. doi:10.3945/ajcn.111.031070.
• Gressner OA, Lahme B, Gressner AM. Gc-globulin (vitamin D binding protein) is synthesized and secreted by hepatocytes and internalized by hepatic stellate cells through Ca2+-dependent interaction with the megalin/gp330 receptor. Clin Chim Acta. 2008;390(1-2):28-37. doi:10.1016/j.cca.2007.12.011.
• Christakos S, Ajibade D V, Dhawan P, Fechner AJ, Mady LJ. Vitamin D: metabolism. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2010;39(2):243-53, table of contents. doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2010.02.002.
• Nykjaer A, Dragun D, Walther D, et al. An Endocytic Pathway Essential for Renal Uptake and Activation of the Steroid 25-(OH) Vitamin D3. Cell. 1999;96(4):507-515. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80655-8.
• Van der Mei IAF, Ponsonby A-L, Engelsen O, et al. The high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency across Australian populations is only partly explained by season and latitude. Environ Health Perspect. 2007;115(8):1132-1139. doi:10.1289/ehp.9937.
• Hossein-nezhad A, Holick MF. Vitamin D for health: a global perspective. Mayo Clin Proc. 2013;88(7):720-755. doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.05.011.
• Wacker M, Holick MF. Sunlight and Vitamin D: A global perspective for health. Dermatoendocrinol. 2013;5(1):51-108. doi:10.4161/derm.24494.
• Webb AR, Kline L, Holick MF. Influence of Season and Latitude on the Cutaneous Synthesis of Vitamin D 3 : Exposure to Winter Sunlight in Boston and Edmonton Will Not Promote Vitamin D 3 Synthesis in Human Skin*. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1988;67(2):373-378. doi:10.1210/jcem-67-2-373.
• Bozkurt S, Alkan BM, Yıldız F, et al. Age, Sex, and Seasonal Variations in the Serum Vitamin D3 Levels in a Local Turkish Population. Arch Rheumatol. 2014;29(1):14-19. doi:10.5606/tjr.2014.3968.
• Öngen B, Kabaro C, Par Z. D Vitamini ’ nin Biyokimyasal ve Laboratuvar Değ erlendirmesi Biochemical and Laboratory Evaluation of. 2008;6(1):23-31.
• Biancuzzo RM, Clarke N, Reitz RE, et al. The measurement of vitamin D: analytical aspects. Ann Clin Biochem. 2004;41(2):272-281. doi:10.1258/0004563041201464.
• Koivula MK, Matinlassi N, Laitinen P, Risteli J. Four automated 25-OH total vitamin D immunoassays and commercial liquid chromatography TM spectrometry in Finnish population. Clin Lab. 2013;59(3-4):397-405.doi:10.7754/Clin.Lab.2012. 120527.
• Ockè MC, Schrijver J, Obermann-de Boer GL, Bloemberg BP, Haenen GR, Kromhout D. Stability of blood (pro)vitamins during four years of storage at -20 degrees C: consequences for epidemiologic research. J Clin Epidemiol. 1995;48(8):1077-1085. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7775995. Accessed February 7, 2017.
• Colak A, Toprak B, Dogan N, Ustuner F. Effect of sample type, centrifugation and storage conditions on vitamin D concentration. Biochem medica. 2013;23(3):321-325. doi:10.11613/bm.2013.039.
• Mattila PH, Piironen VI, Uusirauva EJ, Koivistoinen PE. Contents of Cholecalciferol, Ergocalciferol, and Their 25-Hydroxylated Metabolites in Milk-Products and Raw Meat and Liver As Determined By Hplc. J Agric Food Chem. 1995;43(9):2394-2399. doi:10.1021/jf00057a015.
• Schmid A, Walther B. Natural vitamin D content in animal products. Adv Nutr. 2013;4(4):453-462. doi:10.3945/an.113.003780.
• Bener A, Al-Hamaq AOAA, Kurtulus EM, Abdullatef WK, Zirie M. The role of vitamin D, obesity and physical exercise in regulation of glycemia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients. Diabetes Metab Syndr Clin Res Rev. 2016;10(4):198-204. doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2016.06.007.
• Holick MF, Binkley NC, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, et al. Evaluation, Treatment, and Prevention of Vitamin D Deficiency: an Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96(7):1911-1930. doi:10.1210/jc.2011-0385.
• Lips P, Hosking D, Lippuner K, et al. The prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy amongst women with osteoporosis: an international epidemiological investigation. J Intern Med. 2006;260(3):245-254. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2006.01685.x.
• Kliniği B, Uçar F, İhtisas Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Biyokimya Kliniği Halil Sezai Erkut cad Etlik E, Yavuz Taşlıpınar M, Özden Soydaş A, Özcan N. Etlik İhtisas Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi. Eur J Basic Med Sci. 2012;2(1):12-15.
• Wacker M, Holick MF. Vitamin D - effects on skeletal and extraskeletal health and the need for supplementation. Nutrients. 2013;5(1):111-148. doi:10.3390/nu5010111.
• Chin A. Vitamin D-Analyte of the Millennium. EJIFCC. 2011;22(1)(3):1-5.
• Turkish Ministry of Health. Bebeklerde D Vitamini Yetersizliğinin Önlenmesi ve Kemik Sağlığının Geliştirilmesi Programı. http://cocukergen.thsk.saglik.gov.tr/daire-faaliyetleri/beslenme/752-bebeklerde-d-vitamini-yetersizliğinin-önlenmesi-ve-kemik-sağlığının-geliştirilmesi-programı.html. Accessed February 12, 2017.