Comparison of Anthropometric Measurements of Term and Preterm Infants and Their Mothers

Yıl 2020, Sayı: 10, 19 - 33, 17.04.2020

Halime Pulat Demir , Hatice Merve Bayram , Hasan Fatih Akgöz

https://doi.org/10.38079/igusabder.624546

Öz

Aim: This study was planned to compare the anthropometric measurements of term and preterm infants and mothers.

Methods: The study was conducted on 120 mothers and their babies (60 preterms, 60 term births) who delivered in a private hospital in Istanbul between November 2015-December 2015. The demographic characteristics of the participants were collected by face to face interview. Anthropometric measurements (such as height and weight of mothers and height, weight and head circumference of babies) were taken according to the standard protocol. Data were evaluated using the "SPSS 23.00" program.

Results: Mothers who had preterm babies, 41,7% were older than 35 years and 46,7% were graduated from high school, and most of them (66,7%) were housewives. 95% of term mothers and 51,7% of preterm mothers went to prenatal health control (p <0,001). While most of the mothers who had term births (93,3%) did not have any health problems, this rate is 10% in mothers who had preterm births, and the most common health problem was premature birth risk (p <0.001). 36,7% of preterm and 16,7% of term mothers had >12 kg weight gain; body weight of mothers who gave preterm births before pregnancy was 65,0±10,2 kg; 75,7±11,5 kg after pregnancy; the mothers who had term births were 56,2±5,4 kg and 66,4± 6,5 kg, respectively (p <0,001). In addition, the height of preterm boys was 37,3±5,3 cm, body weights were 1.388,8±572,8 g and head circumferences were 27,4±3,5 cm; in female infants, these values were 39,4± 5,1 cm, 1.610,0±576,3 g and 28,4±3,6 cm, respectively. During pregnancy; 73,3% of mothers who had preterm births had morning, 65% had lunch, 83,3% had evening; 100% of mothers who had term births had morning, 96,7% had lunch, 98,3% had eaten meals regularly.

Conclusion: It was seen that 68,3% of mothers who had term births, had 8-12 kg weight gain and during pregnancy, most of them were in normal body mass index (BMI) range before and after pregnancy. Follow-up is important for the healthy birth and babies’ weight gain and nutrition status during pregnancy so nutrition discipline and weight monitoring are very important.

Anahtar Kelimeler

BMI, pregnancy, nutrition, preterm, anthropometry

Term ve Preterm Doğan Bebekler ile Annelerinin Antropometrik Ölçümlerinin Karşılaştırılması

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışma term ve preterm bebekler ile annelerinin antropometrik ölçümlerinin karşılaştırılması amacıyla planlanmış ve yürütülmüştür.

Yöntem: Araştırma Kasım 2015- Aralık 2015 tarihleri arasında İstanbul’da özel bir hastanede doğum yapan 120 (60 preterm, 60 term doğum) anne ve bebek ile yapılmıştır. Katılımcıların demografik özellikleri anket formu ile yüz yüze toplanmıştır. Annelerin boy ve ağırlıkları ile bebeklerin boy, ağırlık ve baş çevresi gibi antropometrik ölçümleri standartlara uygun olarak alınmıştır. Veriler, "SPSS 23.00" programı kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir.

Bulgular: Preterm doğum yapan annelerin %41,7’si 35 yaşından büyük ve %46,7’si lise mezunu olup; çoğu (%66,7) ev hanımıdır. Term doğum yapan annelerin %95’inin, preterm doğum yapan annelerin ise %51,7’sinin doğum öncesi sağlık kontrolüne gittikleri görülmüştür (p<0,001). Term doğum yapan annelerin çoğu (%93,3) bir sağlık problemi yaşamamışken, bu oran preterm doğum yapan annelerde %10’dur ve en sık rastlanan sağlık problemi erken doğum riskidir (p<0,001). Preterm doğum yapan annelerin %36,7’sinin ve term doğum yapan annelerin %16,7’sinin >12 kg ağırlık artışı olduğu; preterm doğum yapan annelerin gebelik öncesi vücut ağırlıkları 65,0±10,2 kg; gebelik sonrası 75,7±11,5 kg; term doğum yapan annelerin ise sırasıyla 56,2±5,4 kg ve 66,4±6,5 kg olarak bulunmuştur (p<0,001). Ayrıca preterm erkek bebeklerin boy uzunlukları 37,3±5,3 cm, vücut ağırlıkları 1.388,±572,82 g ve baş çevresi 27,4±3,5 cm olup; kız bebeklerde bu değerler sırasıyla 39,4±5,1 cm, 1.610,0±576,3 g ve 28,4±3,6 cm’dir. Gebelikte; preterm doğum yapanların %73,3’ü sabah, %65’i öğle, %83,3’ü akşam, term doğum yapanların sırasıyla %100’ü sabah, %96,7’si öğle, %98,3’ü akşam öğününü düzenli tüketmiştir.

Sonuç: Term doğum yapanların %68,3’ünün gebelikte 8-12 kg ağırlık artışı olduğu, gebelik öncesi ve sonrası Beden Kütle İndeksi (BKİ) sınıflamasında çoğunun normal aralıkta olduğu görülmüştür. Gebelikte vücut ağırlığı kazanımı ve beslenme düzeni açısından takip bebeğin sağlıklı doğması için önemli olup; düzenli olarak beslenme eğitimi ve ağırlık takibi önemlidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

BKİ, gebelik, beslenme, preterm, antropometri

Kaynakça

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