20-55 Yaş Arası Kadınların Beden Algılarının Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2022, Sayı: 18, 892 - 906, 31.12.2022

Can Ergün , Bilge Meral Koc , Selin Kaleoğlu

https://doi.org/10.38079/igusabder.1196777

Cited By: 1

Öz

Amaç: Beden algısı, algılanan ile sahip olunan vücut ağırlığı arasındaki uyum olup beden algısındaki bozulmalar duygu durum bozukluğu, depresyon, yeme bozuklukları, obezite, aşırı artmış fiziksel aktivite gibi olumsuz durumlara zemin oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı 20-55 yaş arası kadınların beden algısının ve beden memnuniyetinin değerlendirilmesidir.

Yöntem: Çalışmaya 20-55 yaşları arasında 236 kadın katılmıştır. Çalışmada katılımcılardan antropometrik ölçümler, sosyodemografik özellikler ve obeziteye dair bilgi düzeyinin belirlenmesine yönelik bilgiler alınmıştır. Beden algılarının saptanması için belirli Beden Kütle İndeksi (BKİ) değerlerine sahip 1’den 6’ya kadar sıralanmış kimliksiz silüetler katılımcılar tarafından kişilik, sağlık, sosyal özelliklerine göre değerlendirilmiştir.

Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan kadınların %65,3’ünde beden ağırlığı memnuniyetsizliği olduğu; memnun olmayanların %92,2’sinin ise ağırlık kaybetmek istedikleri gözlemlenmiştir. Katılımcılar düşük BKİ’ye sahip silüetleri kişilik, sosyal, sağlık yönünden daha olumlu özellikler ile eşleştirmiştir. Beden memnuniyetsizliğinin ve bozuk beden ağırlığı algısının artan BKİ, yaş, kronik hastalık durumu ile anlamlı bir biçimde ilişkili olduğu; eğitim düzeyi, meslek grubu, fiziksel aktivite düzeyi, obeziteye dair bilgi düzeyi ile anlamlı bir ilişkisi olmadığı saptanmıştır.

Sonuç: Kadınların çoğunda bozuk beden algısı olduğu daha ince bir vücut görünümünü idealleştirdikleri, hafif şişman silüetleri obez olarak niteledikleri tespit edilmiştir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Beden algısı, beden memnuniyetsizliği, beden imajı, obezite, yeme bozuklukları, kadın

Evaluation of Body Perceptions of Women Aged Between 20-55 Years

Öz

Aim: Body perception is the harmony between perceived and possessed body weight, and disturbances in body perception may form the basis for negative conditions such as mood disorders, depression, eating disorders, obesity, and excessively increased physical activity. The aim of the study is to evaluate the body perception and body satisfaction of women between the ages of 20-55.

Method: 236 women between the ages of 20-55 participated in the study. In the study, information about anthropometric measurements, sociodemographic characteristics, and the level of knowledge about obesity was obtained from the participants. In order to determine body perceptions, the silhouettes with certain Body Mass Index (BMI) values ranked from 1 to 6 were evaluated by the participants according to their personalities, health, and social characteristics.

Results: Body weight dissatisfaction was found in 65,3% of the women participating in the study; It was observed that 92,2% of those who were not satisfied wanted to lose weight. Participants matched silhouettes with low BMI with more positive personalities, social and health characteristics. Body dissatisfaction and impaired body weight perception were significantly associated with increased BMI, age, and chronic illness; it was observed that there was no significant relationship between education level, occupational group, physical activity level, and knowledge level about obesity.

Conclusion: It was determined that most of the women had a distorted body image, idealized a thinner body appearance, and identified overweight silhouettes as obese. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Body perception, body dissatisfaction, body image, obesity, eating disorders, women

Kaynakça

• World Health Organization. World health statistics 2012. World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/44844/9789241564441_eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Yayınlanma Tarihi: 2012. Erişim Tarihi 29 Ekim 2022.
• Fairburn CG. Cognitive behavior therapy and eating disorders. New York: The Guildford Press; 2008.
• Qian J, Hu Q, Wan Y, et al. Prevalence of eating disorders in the general population: A systematic review. Shanghai Arch Psychiatry. 2013;25(4):212-223. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-0829.2013.04.003
• Price CJ, McBride B, Hyerle L, Kivlahan DR. Mindful awareness in body-oriented therapy for female veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder taking prescription analgesics for chronic pain: A feasibility study. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine. 2007;13(6):32-40.
• Catalan-Matamoros D, Helvik-Skjaerven L, Labajos-Manzanares MT, Martínez-de-Salazar-Arboleas A, Sánchez-Guerrero E. A pilot study on the effect of Basic Body Awareness Therapy in patients with eating disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Clinical Rehabilitation. 2011;25(7):617-626. doi:10.1177/0269215510394223
• Bush HM, Williams RG, Lean ME, Anderson AS. Body image and weight consciousness among South Asian, Italian and general population women in Britain. Appetite. 2001;37(3):207-215. doi:10.1006/appe.2001.0424
• World Health Organization. A healthy lifestyle - WHO recommendations. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/europe/news-room/fact-sheets/item/a-healthy-lifestyle---who-recommendations. Yayınlanma Tarihi Mayıs 2010. Erişim Tarihi 29 Ekim 2022.
• Selassie M, Sinha AC. The epidemiology and aetiology of obesity: A global challenge. Best Practice & Research. Clinical Anaesthesiology. 2011;25(1):1-9. doi:10.1016/j.bpa.2011.01.002
• World Health Organization. The World health report 2008: Primary health care now more than ever. World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/43949/9789241563734_eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Yayınlanma Tarihi 2008. Erişim Tarihi 29 Ekim 2022.
• Dittmar H, Howard S. Thin-Ideal Internalization and Social Comparison Tendency as Moderators of Media Models' Impact on Women's Body-Focused Anxiety. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology. 2004;23(6):768-791. doi:10.1521/jscp.23.6.768.54799
• Timperio A, Cameron-Smith D, Burns C, Crawford D. The public's response to the obesity epidemic in Australia: Weight concerns and weight control practices of men and women. Public Health Nutrition. 2000;3(4):417-424. doi:10.1017/s1368980000000483
• Vikram P. Gender in mental health research. World Health Organization Department of Gender, Women and Health Family and Community Health. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/43084/9241592532.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Yayınlanma Tarihi 2004. Erişim Tarihi 29 Ekim 2022.
• Anderson LA, Eyler AA, Galuska DA, Brown DR, Brownson RC. Relationship of satisfaction with body size and trying to lose weight in a national survey of overweight and obese women aged 40 and older, United States. Preventive Medicine. 2002;35(4):390-396. doi:10.1006/pmed.2002.1079
• Dorsey RR, Eberhardt MS, Ogden CL. Racial/ethnic differences in weight perception. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.). 2009;17(4):790-795. doi:10.1038/oby.2008.603
• Glauert R, Rhodes G, Byrne S, Fink B, Grammer K. Body dissatisfaction and the effects of perceptual exposure on body norms and ideals. The International Journal of Eating Disorders. 2009;42(5):443-452. doi:10.1002/eat.20640
• Cavazos-Rehg PA, Fitzsimmons-Craft EE, Krauss MJ, et al. Examining the self-reported advantages and disadvantages of socially networking about body image and eating disorders. The International Journal of Eating Disorders. 2020;53(6):852-863. doi:10.1002/eat.23282
• Fardouly J, Vartanian LR. Negative comparisons about one's appearance mediate the relationship between Facebook usage and body image concerns. Body Image. 2015;12:82-88. doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2014.10.004
• Liburd LC, Anderson LA, Edgar T, Jack L. Jr. Body size and body shape: perceptions of black women with diabetes. The Diabetes Educator. 1999;25(3):382-388. doi:10.1177/014572179902500309
• Monteagudo C, Dijkstra SC, Visser M. Self- perception of body weight status in older dutch adults. The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging. 2015;19(6):612-618. doi:10.1007/s12603-015-0486-z
• Gillen MM, Markey C. Body Image and Mental Health. In: Friedman HS, ed. Encyclopedia of Mental Health (Second Edition). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Academic Press; 2016:187-192. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-397045-9.00058-6
• Curll SL, Brown PM. Weight stigma and psychological distress: A moderated mediation model of social identification and internalised bias. Body Image. 2020;35:207-216. doi:j.bodyim.2020.09.006
• Emmer C, Bosnjak M, Mata J. The association between weight stigma and mental health: A meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2020;21(1):e12935. doi:10.1111/obr.12935
• Pudney EV, Himmelstein MS, Puhl RM, Foster GD. Distressed or not distressed? A mixed methods examination of reactions to weight stigma and implications for emotional wellbeing and internalized weight bias. Social Science & Medicine. 2020;249:112854. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.112854
• Joh HK, Oh J, Lee HJ, Kawachi I. Gender and socioeconomic status in relation to weight perception and weight control behavior in Korean adults. Obes Facts. 2013;6(1):17-27. doi:10.1159/000346805
• Lee WJ, Youm Y, Rhee Y, Park YR, Chu SH, Kim HC. Social network characteristics and body mass index in an elderly Korean population. J Prev Med Public Health. 2013;46(6):336-345. doi:10.3961/jpmph.2013.46.6.336
• Bjertnaes AA, Schwinger C, Juliusson PB, Strand TA, Holten-Andersen MN, Bakken KS. Health-related behaviors in adolescents mediate the association between subjective social status and body mass index. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020;17(19):7307. doi:10.3390/ijerph17197307
• Hunger JM, Tomiyama AJ. Weight labeling and obesity: A longitudinal study of girls aged 10 to 19 years. JAMA Pediatr. 2014;168(6):579-580. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2014.122
• Major B, Hunger JM, Bunyan DP, Miller CT. The ironic effects of weight stigma. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 2014;51:74-80. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2013.11.009
• Jackson SE, Beeken RJ, Wardle J. Perceived weight discrimination and changes in weight, waist circumference, and weight status. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2014;22(12):2485-2488. doi:10.1002/oby.20891
• Grabe S, Hyde JS. Ethnicity and body dissatisfaction among women in the United States: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin. 2006;132(4):622-640. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.132.4.622
• Himmelstein MS, Puhl RM, Quinn DM. Intersectionality: An understudied framework for addressing weight stigma. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2017;53(4):421-431. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2017.04.003
• Han E, Kim TH. Body Mass Index and self-employment in South Korea. Journal of Biosocial Science. 2017;49(4):463-477. doi:10.1017/S0021932016000341
• Araiza AM, Wellman JD. Weight stigma predicts inhibitory control and food selection in response to the salience of weight discrimination. Appetite. 2017;114:382-390. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2017.04.009
• Guardabassi V, Tomasetto C. Does weight stigma reduce working memory? Evidence of stereotype threat susceptibility in adults with obesity. International Journal of Obesity. 2005;42(8):1500-1507. doi:10.1038/s41366-018-0121-2
• Selensky JC, Carels RA. Weight stigma and media: An examination of the effect of advertising campaigns on weight bias, internalized weight bias, self-esteem, body image, and affect. Body Image. 2021;36:95-106. doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.10.008