Afet Sonrası İyileştirme Sürecinde Sivil Toplum Kuruluşlarının Rolü ve Karşılaştıkları Sorunlar: Koordinasyon, Sürdürülebilirlik ve Dirençlilik

Abstract

Bu çalışma, afet sonrası iyileştirme sürecinde sivil toplum kuruluşlarının rollerini ve karşılaştıkları sorunları koordinasyon, sürdürülebilirlik ve dirençlilik boyutunda incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Nitel yöntemle yürütülen araştırmada, literatür taraması ve vaka analizleri kullanılmış; 2023 Kahramanmaraş depremleri, Haiti (2010), Nepal (2015), Bangladeş (1991) ve ABD-Katrina (2005) örnekleri karşılaştırılmıştır. Bulgular, STK’ların barınma, temel ihtiyaçların karşılanması, psikososyal destek ve ekonomik toparlanma alanlarında kritik roller üstlendiğini; ancak koordinasyon eksiklikleri, finansal sürdürülebilirlikteki kırılganlıklar ve toplumsal dirençlilik düzeyinin yetersizliği nedeniyle etkilerinin sınırlı kaldığını ortaya koymaktadır. Karşılaştırmalı vaka analizi ve üç boyutlu Afet Sonrası STK Katkı Modeli (AS-SKM), Türkiye ve Nepal’de gönüllü mobilizasyonu ve yerel katılım desteği ile toplumsal dirençliliğin güçlü, Bangladeş’te sürdürülebilirlik uygulamalarının etkili, Haiti’de koordinasyonun zayıf ve ABD’de ise finansal kapasitenin yüksek ancak, dirençliliğin sosyoekonomik eşitsizliklerden etkilendiğini ortaya koymuştur. Tüm vakalarda genel olarak sürdürülebilirliğin düşük olduğu görülmüştür.  Çalışma, afet yönetiminde STK’ların rolünün güçlendirilmesi için kurumsallaşmış koordinasyon mekanizmaları, uzun vadeli finansal sürdürülebilirlik stratejileri ve toplum temelli dirençlilik politikalarının geliştirilmesini önermektedir.

Keywords

• Afet yönetimi
• STK
• koordinasyon
• sürdürülebilirlik
• dirençlilik

The Role of Non-Governmental Organizations and the Challenges They Face in Post-Disaster Recovery: Coordination, Sustainability and Resilience

Abstract

This study aims to examine the roles of non-governmental organizations and the challenges they encounter in the post-disaster recovery process within the dimensions of coordination, sustainability, and resilience. Using a qualitative approach with literature review and case analysis, five major disasters were compared: the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes (Türkiye), the 2010 Haiti earthquake, the 2015 Nepal earthquake, the 1991 Bangladesh cyclone, and Hurricane Katrina (USA, 2005). Findings show that NGOs play critical roles in shelter, basic needs provision, psychosocial support, and economic recovery; however, their effectiveness is limited by coordination gaps, financial fragility, and insufficient community resilience. The comparative analysis and the three-dimensional Post-Disaster NGO Contribution Model reveal that Turkey and Nepal demonstrate strong resilience through volunteer mobilization, Bangladesh exhibits sustainable practices, Haiti faces weak coordination, and the U.S. shows high financial capacity but limited resilience. The study recommends institutionalized coordination, sustainable financing, and community-based resilience strategies.

Keywords

• Disaster management
• NGOs
• coordination
• sustainability
• resilience

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