Dijital Flörtleşme: Post-Dijital Sorunlara Post-Dijital Çözümler

Abstract

Dijital uygulamalar; özellikle ergenlikte kişinin zamanı yönetme becerisiyle eleştirel ve çift düşünme (double-think) yetisi geliştirebilmeleri, toplumsal olaylara duyarlılığı arttırarak ergenlerin sosyalleşme süreçlerine pozitif katkı sağlayabilmeleriyle çoğu bilimsel çalışmaya istenen ve istenmeyen etkileri açısından konu olmuştur. İnternet/ sosyal medya bağımlılığının beden- kişilik algısı üzerindeki etkilerine dair tematik çalışmalar artarken dijital ilişki dinamik ve örüntülerini, özellikle de uzun süreli ilişkideki ya da evli çiftlerdeki dijital flörte bakış açısını inceleyen çalışmalar ise azınlıktadır. Sosyal bilim dalları; sosyal medya (SM) kaynaklı sorunları kültürler kodlarla çözümlemede bir anlamda hazırlıksız ve tecrübesiz yakalanmıştır. Sosyal medyanın özellikle de romantik ilişkilerdeki dijitalleşme sürecindeki etkilerine, siber psikoloji ve nöropsikofizyolojinin yanı sıra sosyoekonomik-iktisadi-siyasi-hukuki unsurları kapsayan iletişim sosyolojisinin, bilişim ve hatta siber kriminoloji bilimlerinin bütüncül odağını koruyarak temkin ve sağduyuyla yaklaşılması gerekliliği doğmuştur. Bu derleme literatür taramasına dayalı olarak konuyu ele almaktadır.

Keywords

• Dijital Flört
• Dijital Flörtleşme
• Flört
• Çevrimiçi Arkadaşlık
• Çöpçatanlık Siteleri

Digital Flirting: Post-Digital Solutions to Post-Digital Problems

Abstract

Digital dating applications have been the subject of many scientific studies in terms of their desired and undesirable effects by establishing the ability to manage time, developing critical double-thinking skills, increasing sensitivity to social situations, and contributing positively to the socialization processes. While thematic studies on the effects of internet/social media addiction on the perception of body and personality are abundant, studies examining digital relationship dynamics and patterns in both adolescence and adulthood, particularly the through perspective of digital dating in long-term relationships or married couples are in minority. As emphasized previously social sciences were caught unprepared and inexperienced in solving issues originating from social media (SM) with current cultural codes. It has become necessary to approach the effects of social media, especially in the digitalization process in romantic relationships, with caution and common sense, while maintaining the holistic focus of communication sociology, informatics and even cybercriminology sciences, which includes sociological-economic-political-legal elements as well as cyber psychology and neuro-psychophysiology. This paper reviews digital flirting through documentary based on review of the literature.

Keywords

• Digital Flirting
• Dating Applications
• Flirt
• Online Dating
• Matching Sites

References

1. ABRAMOVA, O., BAUMANN, A., KRASNOVA, H., & BUXMANN, P. (2016). Gender Differences in Online Dating: What Do We Know So Far? A Systematic Literature Review. In 2016 49th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) (Vol. 2016-March, pp. 3858–3867). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2016.481
2. AÇIKALIN, N. (2013). Fuhuş Pazarında Sermaye Olmak: Mersin Örneği. Çalışma ve Toplum, 3, 243–282.
3. ALAPACK, R., FLYDAL BLICHFELDT, M., & ELDEN, A. (2005). Flirting on the Internet and the hickey: A hermeneutic. Cyberpsychology and Behavior, 8(1), 52–61. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2005.8.52
4. ANDERSON et al, R. C. (2012). For Love or Money? The Influence of Personal Resources and Environmental Resource Pressures on Human Mate Preferences. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.2012.02077.x
5. ARAUJO, C. S., CORREA, L. P. D., SILVA, A. P. C. DA, PRATES, R. O., & MEIRA, W. (2014). It is not just a picture: Revealing some user practices in instagram. In Proceedings - 9th Latin American Web Congress, LA-WEB 2014 (pp. 19–23). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWeb.2014.12
6. ATHENSTAEDT, U., BROHMER, H., SIMPSON, J. A., MÜLLER, S., SCHINDLING, N., BACIK, A., & VAN LANGE, P. A. M. (2020). Men View Their Ex-Partners More Favorably Than Women Do. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 11(4), 483–491. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550619876633
7. AYDOĞAN, B. (2021). Konum Temelli Çevrimiçi Tanişma Uygulamalarini Kadinlarin Flört Deneyimleri Açisindan Düşünmek: Tinder Ve Happn. Moment Journal, 7(2), 287–313. https://doi.org/10.17572/mj2020.2.287313
8. BANKHEAD, R., BOULLATA, J., BRANTLEY, S., CORKINS, M., GUENTER, P., KRENITSKY, J., … WESSEL, J. (2009). Enteral nutrition practice recommendations. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 33(2), 122–167. https://doi.org/10.1177/0148607108330314

9. BAUMEISTER, R. F. (2002). Ego Depletion and Self-Control Failure: An Energy Model of the Self’s Executive Function. Self and Identity, 1(2), 129–136. https://doi.org/10.1080/152988602317319302
10. BEISSWANGER, A. H., STONE, E. R., HUPP, J. M., & ALLGAIER, L. (2003). Risk taking in relationships: Differences in deciding for oneself versus for a friend. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 25(2), 121–135. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15324834BASP2502_3
11. BOBST, C., & LOBMAIER, J. S. (2012). Men’s preference for the ovulating female is triggered by subtle face shape differences. Hormones and Behavior, 62(4), 413–417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2012.07.008
12. BOGDANOV, P., BUSCH, M., MOEHLIS, J., SINGH, A. K., & SZYMANSKI, B. K. (2013). The social media genome: Modeling individual topic-specific behavior in social media. In Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining, ASONAM 2013 (pp. 236–242). Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10.1145/2492517.2492621
13. BOHNER, G., SIEBLER, F., & SCHMELCHER, J. (2006). Social norms and the likelihood of raping: Perceived rape myth acceptance of others affects men’s rape proclivity. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32(3), 286–297. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167205280912
14. BRIDGES, A. J. (2019). Pornography and sexual assault. In Handbook of Sexual Assault and Sexual Assault Prevention (pp. 129–149). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23645-8_8
15. BULUT, S. (2020). Güzellik ve Sağlığın Endüstrileşmesi Ve Ticarileştirici Söylemlerin Sosyal Medyada İnşası: Instagram Örneği. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 8(2), 1–27.
16. BURKE, S. C., WALLEN, M., VAIL-SMITH, K., & KNOX, D. (2011). Using technology to control intimate partners: An exploratory study of college undergraduates. Computers in Human Behavior, 27(3), 1162–1167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2010.12.010
17. BÜYÜKŞENER, E. (2009). Türkiye’de Sosyal Ağların Yeri ve Sosyal Medyaya Bakış. XIV. Türkiye’de İnternet Konferansı, 19–23. Retrieved from https://www.seokursu.com.tr/turkiyede-sosyal-aglarin-yeri.pdf
18. CALVERT, J. D., MOORE, D. W., & JENSEN, B. J. (1987). Psychometric evaluation of the dating anxiety survey: A self-report questionnaire for the assessment of dating anxiety in males and females. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 9(3), 341–350. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00964562
19. CASTELLS, M. (2004). The Network Society: A cross-cultural perspective. In The Network Society (p. 233).
20. CASTRO, Á., & BARRADA, J. R. (2020). Dating apps and their sociodemographic and psychosocial correlates: A systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(18), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186500
21. CEZIK, A., & ALANKA, Ö. (2016). Dijital Kibir: Sosyal Medyadaki Narsistik Ritüellere İlişkin Bir İnceleme. TRT Akademi, 1(2), 548–569. Retrieved from http://dergipark.gov.tr/trta/issue/23620/252167
22. CHOU, W. Y. S., HUNT, Y. M., BECKJORD, E. B., MOSER, R. P., & HESSE, B. W. (2009). Social media use in the United States: Implications for health communication. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 11(4). https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.1249
23. CHUA, T. H. H., & CHANG, L. (2016). Follow me and like my beautiful selfies: Singapore teenage girls’ engagement in self-presentation and peer comparison on social media. Computers in Human Behavior, 55, 190–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.09.011
24. CONNELLY, L., KAMERĀDE, D., & SANDERS, T. (2018). Violent and Nonviolent Crimes Against Sex Workers: The Influence of the Sex Market on Reporting Practices in the United Kingdom. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260518780782
25. DEL RÍO, E. F., RAMOS-VILLAGRASA, P. J., CASTRO, Á., & BARRADA, J. R. (2019). Sociosexuality and bright and dark personality: The prediction of behavior, attitude, and desire to engage in casual sex. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(15). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16152731
26. DITTMAR, H. (2009). How do “body perfect” ideals in the media have a negative impact on body image and behaviors? Factors and processes related to self and identity. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 28(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2009.28.1.1
27. DROUIN, M., MILLER, D. A., & DIBBLE, J. L. (2014). Ignore your partners’ current Facebook friends; Beware the ones they add! Computers in Human Behavior, 35, 483–488. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.02.032
28. DURÁN, M., MEGÍAS, J. L., & MOYA, M. (2018). Male Peer Support to Hostile Sexist Attitudes Influences Rape Proclivity. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 33(14), 2180–2196. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260515624212
29. Ekşisözlük. (2011). cumartesi gecesi evde oturan ezik ve yalnız insan. Retrieved April 17, 2021, from https://eksisozluk.com/cumartesi-gecesi-evde-oturan-ezik-ve-yalniz-insan--2704109
30. ENOMOTO, C., NOOR, S., & WIDNER, B. (2017). Is social media to blame for the sharp rise in STDs? Social Sciences, 6(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci6030078
31. EYAL, K., TE’ENI-HARARI, T., & KATZ, K. (2020). A content analysis of teen-favored celebrities’ posts on social networking sites: Implications for teen fame-valuation. Cyberpsychology, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.5817/CP2020-2-7
32. EZEH, C. (2020). Friends with Benefits: Friendship, Intimacy, Sex - Chinenye Ezeh - Google Kitaplar. Retrieved from https://books.google.com.tr/books?id=JyAGEAAAQBAJ&printsec=copyright&hl=tr#v=onepage&q&f=false
33. FERGUSON, C. J., & HARTLEY, R. D. (2020, July 21). Pornography and Sexual Aggression: Can Meta-Analysis Find a Link? Trauma, Violence, and Abuse. SAGE Publications Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838020942754
34. FROHNHOLZER, M. (2021). Tinder Tourism- Exploring the Role of Tinder in Solo Female Travel: An Affordance-and Motivation-based Approach Tinder Tourism-Exploring the Role of Tinder in Solo Female Travel: An Affordance-and Motivation-based Approach Tourism Marketing and Management. University of Eastern Finland Faculty of Social Sciences and Business.
35. GABE HATCH, S., ESPLIN, C. R., AARON, S. C., DOWDLE, K. K., FINCHAM, F. D., DORIAN HATCH, H., & BRAITHWAITE, S. R. (2021, December 10). Does pornography consumption lead to intimate partner violence perpetration? Little evidence for temporal precedence. Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality. University of Toronto Press. https://doi.org/10.3138/CJHS.2019-0065
36. GIBBS, J. L., ELLISON, N. B., & LAI, C. H. (2011). First comes love, then comes google: An investigation of uncertainty reduction strategies and self-disclosure in online dating. Communication Research, 38(1), 70–100. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650210377091
37. GIDYCZ, C. A., ORCHOWSKI, L. M., & BERKOWITZ, A. D. (2011). Preventing sexual aggression among college men: An evaluation of a social norms and bystander intervention program. Violence Against Women, 17(6), 720–742. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077801211409727
38. GLEASURE, R. (2020). Circadian rhythms and social media information-sharing. In Lecture Notes in Information Systems and Organisation (Vol. 32, pp. 1–11). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28144-1_1
39. GRIMANI, A., GAVINE, A., & MONCUR, W. (2020). An Evidence Synthesis of Covert Online Strategies Regarding Intimate Partner Violence. Trauma, Violence & Abuse, 1524838020957985. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838020957985
40. GUADAGNO, R. E., OKDIE, B. M., & KRUSE, S. A. (2012). Dating deception: Gender, online dating, and exaggerated self-presentation. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(2), 642–647. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2011.11.010
41. GUGGISBERG, M. (2020, July 1). Sexually explicit video games and online pornography – The promotion of sexual violence: A critical commentary. Aggression and Violent Behavior. Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2020.101432
42. GÜREL, E. (2012). SİBER- ÂLEMDE KİMLİK, CİNSELLİK VE HOMONORMATİF İZLER. Bilgi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, istanbul. Retrieved from https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/51099754.pdf
43. HANCOCK, J. T., TOMA, C., & ELLISON, N. (2007). The truth about lying in online dating profiles. In Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings (pp. 449–452). https://doi.org/10.1145/1240624.1240697
44. HAYDARI PAKKAN, N., BALSOY, G., & TUĞ ONARAN, B. (2021). Özel Dosya: Toplumsal Cinsiyet ve Şiddet. Istanbul Bilgi University, 2(2), 5–9. https://doi.org/10.47613/reflektif.2021.11
45. HE, R., & ZHENG, T. (2013). Estimation of exponential random graph models for large social networks via graph limits. In Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining, ASONAM 2013 (pp. 248–255). Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10.1145/2492517.2492523
46. HENDRICKSE, J., ARPAN, L. M., CLAYTON, R. B., & RIDGWAY, J. L. (2017). Instagram and college women’s body image: Investigating the roles of appearance-related comparisons and intrasexual competition. Computers in Human Behavior, 74, 92–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.04.027
47. HJARVARD, S. (2013). The mediatization of culture and society. The Mediatization of Culture and Society, 1–182. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203155363
48. HORTON, D., & RICHARD WOHL, R. (1956). Mass Communication and Para-Social Interaction. Psychiatry, 19(3), 215–229. https://doi.org/10.1080/00332747.1956.11023049
49. JIMÉNEZ, Á. V., & MESOUDI, A. (2019). Prestige-biased social learning: current evidence and outstanding questions. Palgrave Communications, 5(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-019-0228-7
50. KAPLAN, A. M., & HAENLEIN, M. (2010). Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of Social Media. Business Horizons, 53(1), 59–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2009.09.003
51. KAYA-ERDEM, B., & GÜL-ÜNLÜ, D. (2018). Dijital İletişim Ortamlarındaki Yazım Yanlışlarının Okuyucular Tarafından Değerlendirilme Biçimleri Üzerine Bir İnceleme, 9(17), 250–265.
52. KAYA, M., KAWASH, J., KHOURY, S., & DAY, M.-Y. (2018). Social Network Based Big Data Analysis and Applications. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=1809424%0Ahttp://files/302/Kaya i in. - 2018 - Social Network Based Big Data Analysis and Applica.pdf
53. KEMP, S. (2020). DataReportal – Global Digital Insights 2021. Retrieved April 13, 2021, from https://datareportal.com/reports/?tag=Southern+Africa
54. KIM, M. (2020). Instagram selfie-posting and young women’s body dissatisfaction: Investigating the role of self-esteem and need for popularity. Cyberpsychology, 14(4), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.5817/CP2020-4-4
55. KLEEMANS, M., DAALMANS, S., CARBAAT, I., & ANSCHÜTZ, D. (2018). Picture Perfect: The Direct Effect of Manipulated Instagram Photos on Body Image in Adolescent Girls. Media Psychology, 21(1), 93–110. https://doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2016.1257392
56. KOÇAK, G. (2013). Bireylerin sosyal medya kullanım davranışlarının ve motivasyonlarının kullanımlar ve doyumlar yaklaşımı bağlamında incelenmesi : Eskişehir’de bir uygulama. Retrieved from https://earsiv.anadolu.edu.tr/xmlui/handle/11421/7865
57. LAMBERT, A. (2016). Intimacy and social capital on Facebook: Beyond the psychological perspective. New Media and Society, 18(11), 2559–2575. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444815588902
58. LARSON, C. M., PILLSWORTH, E. G., & HASELTON, M. G. (2012). Ovulatory Shifts in Women’s Attractions to Primary Partners and Other Men: Further Evidence of the Importance of Primary Partner Sexual Attractiveness. PLoS ONE, 7(9). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0044456
59. LIN, T. T. C., KONONOVA, A., & CHIANG, Y. H. (2020). Screen Addiction and Media Multitasking among American and Taiwanese Users. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 60(6), 583–592. https://doi.org/10.1080/08874417.2018.1556133
60. LIVINGSTONE, S. (2008). Taking risky opportunities in youthful content creation: Teenagers’ use of social networking sites for intimacy, privacy and self-expression. New Media and Society, 10(3), 393–411. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444808089415
61. LYKENS, J., PILLOTON, M., SILVA, C., SCHLAMM, E., WILBURN, K., & PENCE, E. (2019). Google for Sexual Relationships: Mixed-Methods Study on Digital Flirting and Online Dating Among Adolescent Youth and Young Adults. JMIR public health and surveillance, 5(2), e10695. https://doi.org/10.2196/10695
62. MASCIANTONIO, A., & BOURGUIGNON, D. (2020). Motivation scale for using Social Network Sites: comparative study between Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Snapchat and LinkedIn. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/rszx6
63. MILLS, J. S., SHANNON, A., & HOGUE, J. (2017). Beauty, Body Image, and the Media. In Perception of Beauty. InTech. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.68944
64. ODABAŞI, Y. (2009). Postmodern Pazarlama. (Kağan Demirgül, Ed.) (2009th ed.). İstanbul: MediaCat. Retrieved from https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:g2ayW1s0Eg8J:https://turuz.com/storage/her_konu-2018/3028-Postmodern_Bazarlama-Yavuz_Odabashi-2004-213s.pdf+&cd=1&hl=tr&ct=clnk&gl=tr
65. ÖZBAY, C. (2010). Neoliberalizm ve Erkekliğin Halleri. In Yeni Sol, Yeni Sag (pp. 101–132).
66. ÖZBAY, C. (2015). “Straight” rent boys and gays who sell sex in Istanbul. In P. Aggleton & R. G. (Richard G. Parker (Eds.), Men Who Sell Sex: Global Perspectives (1st Editio, pp. 54–67). Oxon: Routledge. Retrieved from https://books.google.com.tr/books?hl=tr&lr=&id=_FdWBQAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA54&dq=eskort+seks+işçisi&ots=8Y12m8_HW5&sig=ovC34udrHJKFuVUcPrx0yHPlBPc&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=eskort seks işçisi&f=false
67. PETERSEN, J. L., & HYDE, J. S. (2010). A Meta-Analytic Review of Research on Gender Differences in Sexuality, 1993-2007. Psychological Bulletin, 136(1), 21–38. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017504
68. PIGNATIELLO, G. A., MARTIN, R. J., & HICKMAN, R. L. (2020, January 1). Decision fatigue: A conceptual analysis. Journal of Health Psychology. SAGE Publications Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105318763510
69. PINSKY, D. (2019). Doing gender online through flirtation« Faire le genre » sur Internet par le biais de la séduction. Interactions intimes en ligne parmi des étudiants d’université. RESET, (8). https://doi.org/10.4000/reset.1303
70. POLMAN, E., & VOHS, K. D. (2016). Decision fatigue, choosing for others, and self-construal. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 7(5), 471–478. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550616639648
71. PRATAMA, B. Y., & SARNO, R. (2016). Personality classification based on Twitter text using Naive Bayes, KNN and SVM. In Proceedings of 2015 International Conference on Data and Software Engineering, ICODSE 2015 (pp. 170–174). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICODSE.2015.7436992
72. QUIROZ, S. I., & MICKELSON, K. D. (2021). Are online behaviors damaging our in-person connections? Passive versus active social media use on romantic relationships. Cyberpsychology, 15(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.5817/CP2021-1-1
73. RHODES et al., G. (2005). Attractiveness and sexual behavior: Does attractiveness enhance mating success? Evolution and Human Behavior, 26(2), 186–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2004.08.014
74. RIEDER, B. (2017). Scrutinizing an algorithmic technique: the Bayes classifier as interested reading of reality. Information Communication and Society, 20(1), 100–117. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2016.1181195
75. ROSEN, J. (2016). Examining Preadolescent Television Programming and the Rise of Generation Me. Elon Journal of Undergraduate Research in …. Retrieved from http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1476/examining-preadolescent-television-programming-and-the-rise-of-generation-me
76. SANDERS, T., SCOULAR, J., CAMPBELL, R., PITCHER, J., CUNNINGHAM, S., SANDERS, T., … CUNNINGHAM, S. (2018a). Characteristics and Working Practices of Online Sex Workers. In Internet Sex Work (pp. 55–85). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65630-4_3
77. SANDERS, T., SCOULAR, J., CAMPBELL, R., PITCHER, J., CUNNINGHAM, S., SANDERS, T., … CUNNINGHAM, S. (2018b). The Digital Sexual Commerce Landscape. In Internet Sex Work (pp. 23–53). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65630-4_2
78. SCHMITT, D. P., & BUSS, D. M. (2001). Human mate poaching: Tactics and temptations for infiltrating existing mateships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80(6), 894–917. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.80.6.894
79. SHARABI, L. L., & TIMMERMANS, E. (2020). Why settle when there are plenty of fish in the sea? Rusbult’s investment model applied to online dating. New Media and Society, 146144482093766. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444820937660
80. SLATER, D. (1998). Trading sexpics on IRC: Embodiment and authenticity on the internet. Body and Society, 4(4), 91–117. https://doi.org/10.1177/1357034X98004004005
81. SUMTER, S. R., VANDENBOSCH, L., & LIGTENBERG, L. (2017). Love me Tinder: Untangling emerging adults’ motivations for using the dating application Tinder. Telematics and Informatics, 34(1), 67–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2016.04.009
82. TAKAHASHI, T. (2002). Media, Audience Activity and Everyday Life The Case of Japanese Engagement with Media and ICT.
83. TANKOVSKA, H. (2021). Most used social media 2020. Retrieved April 13, 2021, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/272014/global-social-networks-ranked-by-number-of-users/
84. TAPAN, A. (2019). Postmodern Romantik İlişkiler ve Reklam: Tinder Örneği. Akdeniz Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi, Haziran(31), 32–59. https://doi.org/10.31123/akil.533225
85. The Aesthetic Society. (2020). Statistics 2020: Aesthetic Plastic Surgery National Databank. Retrieved from https://www.manganese.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/IMnI_Statistics_2020.pdf
86. The Aesthetic Society Releases Annual Statistics Revealing Americans Spent Over $9 Billion On Aesthetic Plastic Surgery In 2020. (n.d.). Retrieved April 21, 2021, from https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/the-aesthetic-society-releases-annual-statistics-revealing-americans-spent-over-9-billion-on-aesthetic-plastic-surgery-in-2020-301258033.html
87. TYSON, G., PERTA, V. C., HADDADI, H., & SETO, M. C. (2016). A first look at user activity on tinder. In 2016 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (ASONAM) (pp. 461–466). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ASONAM.2016.7752275
88. ÜÇGÜL, D. (2015). Fuhuş, Seks İşçiliği ve Fuhuş Yüzünden Bulaşan Zührevi Hastalıklarla Mücadelenin Hukuki Boyutu. Çağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. Çağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Kamu Hukuku Anabilim Dalı.
89. VALKENBURG, P. M., & PETER, J. (2007). Who visits online dating sites? Exploring some characteristics of online daters. Cyberpsychology and Behavior, 10(6), 849–852. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2007.9941
90. ZAIDEL, D. W., & NADAL, M. (2011). Brain intersections of aesthetics and morals: Perspectives from biology, neuroscience, and evolution. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, 54(3), 367–380. https://doi.org/10.1353/pbm.2011.0032