EN
TR
Lām al-Taʿrif in Terms of Tafsīr and Balāgāt (Ma’rifah-Nakirah): Examplary Verses
Abstract
In Arabic, the phrase “ال /AL” called Lām al-Taʿrif comes before nouns. Typically, there are double vowels (tanween) at the end of nouns; as for the nouns that have Lām al-Taʿrif before them, there is a single vowel at the end. Nouns that do not have Lām al-Taʿrif before are called “nakirah” and nouns that have Lām al-Taʿrif at the start of it are called “ma’rifah”. Pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, and proper nouns are considered ma’rifah even if they do not have Lām al-Taʿrif at the start.
Lām of Lām al-Taʿrif that comes before the nouns, is sometimes pronounced and sometimes unpronounced. It is determined by the letter that comes after it. According to the pronunciation of this Lām the first letters of the words that come after them are divided into two groups as “qamarī” and “shamsī”. This topic concerns Tajweed, which means the knowledge of the beautiful recitation of the Noble Quran as it concerns Arabic.
Lām al-Taʿrif (ال) that comes before nouns affects the meaning as it affects the type of the word and the way of pronunciation of the last letter of the word. Also, it affects the type and meaning of the words and sentences that come side to side (syntax), which meaning and verdict to get attained by the paragraph is mostly determined according to Lām al-Taʿrif. There are two types of prepositional phrases (possessive construction and adjective clause) and two types of sentences (nominal and verbal). These syntaxes are generally determined according to the type, structure, and position of the noun. To specify these syntaxes, the words being ma’rifah-nakirah are pretty crucial. Therefore, Lām al-Taʿrif cannot be randomly used before nouns. Some rules are put out by linguists to specify which words may have it before them with which intention. Lām al-Taʿrif that is appropriately applied with these rules, affects the meaning and also the verdicts.
The Noble Quran includes examples of many well-known rules of Arabic. However, unlike the common knowledge, a word can take place as ma’rifah or nakirah in some verses. This has certain reasons and hidden causes in its own way. In this study, we are going to examine the profundities of the ma’rifah and nakirah usage for certain words in the same or similar verses. This issue that called Lafẓī Mutashābih has been mentioned in some works, and the works of tafsīr that pay special attention to language and literature also brought attention to these types of topics. By benefiting from these types of works, the effect of Lām al-Taʿrif on the meaning, as much as its effect on the pronunciation of the words will be mentioned and the usage techniques will be examined.
Keywords
Thanks
Makalemi gönderdim... İlgi ve alakanıza şimdiden teşekkür ederim....
References
- Abbas, Fadıl Hasan, Esâlîbu’l-Beyân fî ‘Ulûmi’l-Belâğa, (Amman: Dâru’n-Nefâis, 1430/2009), s. 144-161.
- Abbas, Fadıl Hasan, et-Tefsîr ve’l-Müfessirûn Esâsiyyetuhu ve’tticâhâtuhu ve Menâhicuhu fî’l-‘Asri’l-Hadîs, (Amman: Dâru’n-Nefâis, 1437/2016), 1:499.
- Avde Halil Ebû Avde, Şevâhidun fî’l-İ’câzi’l-Kur'ânî, Dirâsetun Luğaviyyetun ve Delâliyyetun, (Amman: Dâru Ammâr, 1419/1998), s. 180-184.
- Bedr, Abdulmuhsin b. Hamd b. Abdillah b. Hamdi’l-İbâd, Âyâtun Müteşâbihâtu’l-Elfâzi fî’l-Kur’âni’l-Kerîm ve Keyfe’t-Temeyyüzi Beyneha, Dâru’l-Fadîle, Riyâd 1423/2002;
- Buhârî, Abdulaziz b. Ahmed b. Muhammed Alauddin (ys. Dâru’l-Kitabi’l-İslamî, ts.) Keşfu’l-Esrâr Şerhu Usûli’l-Bezdevî, 2:18;
- Bulut, Ali, el-Belâğatu’l-Müyessera, (İstanbul: İFAV Yayınları, 2016), s. 91.; Cemzûrî, Süleyman b. Muhammed, Tuhfetu’l-Etfâl ve’l-Ğılmân fî Tecvîdi’l-Kur'ân, (yy., ty.), s. 5; Çetin, Abdurrahman, Kur’an Okuma Esasları, Bursa: Emin Yayınevi, 2016.
- Dırâz, Muhammed b. Abdullah (v. 1377/1958), en-Nebeü’l-‘Azîm Nazarâtün Cedîdetün fî’l-Kur'ân-ı Kerîm, thk.: Ahmed Mustafa Fadliyye, (Dımeşk: Dâru’l-Kalem, 1426/2005), s. 153.
- Ensârî, Ebu Yahya Zeynüddin Zekeriyya b. Muhammed b. Ahmed b. Zekeriyya (v. 926/1520), Fethu’r-Rahmân bi Keşfi mâ Yeltebisu fî’l-Kur’ân, thk.: Muhammed Ali es-Sâbûnî, Dâru’l-Kur’ân-ı Kerîm, Beyrut 1403/1983;
Details
Primary Language
Turkish
Subjects
-
Journal Section
Research Article
Authors
Ramazan Şahan
*
Türkiye
Publication Date
January 15, 2022
Submission Date
November 12, 2021
Acceptance Date
December 25, 2021
Published in Issue
Year 1970 Volume: 8 Number: 1