Relationship between Environmental-Social Factors and Economic Growth in the Context of Sustainable Development

Abstract

Sustainable development the popular concept of recent years includes economic growth as well as social, cultural and environmental development. In this context, economic growth and therefore economic prosperity also depends on social and environmental sustainability. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationships between economic growth and social-environmental factors for high-income and middle-income countries. In accordance with this purpose, annual data covering the period of 1998-2015 for 48 high-income and 63 middle-income countries have been used. Panel data analysis has been used in the study covering the period of 1998-2015. In the model generated to test the relevant relationships it has been used three different data sets in the context of sustainable development: environmental variables, social variables and control variables that can influence economic growth. According to the results obtained in the study; social and environmental factors are important determinants of growth in high-income and middle-income countries. According to this; economic, social and environmental policies play an important role in ensuring sustainable economic development.

Keywords

• Sustainability,Sustainable Development

Project Number

18.F2910.02.01

Sürdürülebilir Gelişme Bağlamında Çevresel-Sosyal Faktörler ile Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişkiler

Abstract

Son yılların öne çıkan kavramı sürdürülebilir gelişme, ekonomik büyümenin yanı sıra sosyal, kültürel ve çevresel alanlarda da gelişimi içermektedir. Bu düşünceye göre ekonomik büyümenin ve dolayısıyla iktisadi refahın sürdürülebilirliği sosyal ve çevresel sürdürülebilirliğe de bağlı bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, çevresel ve sosyal faktörler ile ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişkileri yüksek gelirli ve orta gelirli ülkelerden oluşan iki örneklem için araştırmaktır. Bu amaçla hazırlanan çalışmada 48 yüksek gelirli ve 63 orta gelirli ülke için 1998-2015 dönemini kapsayan yıllık veriler kullanılmıştır. 1998-2012 dönemini kapsayan çalışmada panel veri analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Söz konusu ilişkilerin sınanması için oluşturulan modelde sürdürülebilir gelişme bağlamında çevresel değişkenler, sosyal değişkenler ve büyümeyi etkileyebilecek diğer kontrol değişkenleri olmak üzere üç farklı değişken seti oluşturulmuştur. Çalışmada elde edilen sonuçlara göre, yüksek gelirli ve orta gelirli ülkelerde sosyal ve çevresel faktörler büyümenin önemli birer belirleyicisi durumundadır. Buna göre, ekonomik, sosyal ve çevresel politikalar arasında uyum sağlanması sürdürülebilir bir ekonomik gelişmenin sağlanmasında önemli rol oynamaktadır. 

Keywords

• Sürdürülebilirlik,Sürdürülebilir Gelişme

Supporting Institution

Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi

Project Number

18.F2910.02.01

References

1. Acemoğlu, D., Johnson, S. ve Robinson, J. A. (2001). The Colonial Origins of Comparative Development: An Empirical Investigation. American Economic Review, 91 (5), 1369-1401.
2. Acemoğlu, D., Johnson, S., Robinson, J. ve Thaicharoen, Y. (2003). Institutional Causes, Macroeconomic Symptoms Volatility, Crises and Growth. Journal of Monetary Economics, 50, 49-123.
3. Ahmed, Nabeel R. ve Ahmad, Kahlil (2016). Impact of Population on Economic Growth: A Case Study of Pakistan. Bulletin of Business and Economics, 5 (3), 162-176.
4. Al-mulali, Usama ve Sab, Che Normee Binti C. (2012). The Impact of Energy Consumption and CO2 Emission on the Economic Growth and Financial Development in the Sub Saharan African Countries. Energy, 39, 180-186.
5. Azam vd. (2015). The Impact of CO2 Emissions on Economic Growth: Evidence from Selected Higher CO2 Emissions Economies. Environ Sci Pollut Res, 23(7), 6376-89. Barro, Robert J. (1991). Economic Growth in a Cross Section of Countries. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106 (2), 407-444.
6. Barro, Robert J. (1994). Democracy and Growth. NBER Working Paper, 4909, http://www.nber.org/papers/w4909.pdf?new_window=1 (Erişim Tarihi: 05.06.2017).
7. Barro, Robert J. ve McCleary, Rachel M. (2003). Religion and Economic Growth. NBER Working Paper Series No: 9682.
8. Beugelsdijk, Sjoerd ve Schaik, Ton V. (2003). Social Capital and Regional Economic Growth. Center For Economic Research Discussion Paper, 102.

9. Bloom David E. ve Sachs Jeffrey D. (1998). Geography, Demography and Economic Growth in Africa. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 2, 207-295.
10. Bloom David E. ve Williamson Jeffrey G. (1998). Demographic Transitions and Economic Miracles in Emerging Asia. World Bank Economic Review, 12, 419-456.
11. Borhan H, Ahmed E. M. ve Hitam, M. (2012). “The ,Impact of CO2 on Economic Growth in ASEAN-8”. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 35, 389-397.
12. Boulila, G., Bousrih, L. ve Trabelsi, M. (2008). Social Capital and Economic Growth: Empirical Investigations on the Transmission Channels. International Economic Journal, 22 (3), 399-417.
13. Brander James A. ve Dowrick Steve (1994). The Role of Fertility and Population in Economic Growth: Empirical Results from Aggregate Cross-National Data. Journal of Population Economics, 7, 1-25.
14. Chang, Tsangyao vd. (2014). The Relationship between Population Growth and Economic Growth Over 1870-2013: Evidence from a Bootstrapped Panel-Granger Causality Test. University of Pretoria Department of Economics Working Paper Series, No: 2014-31.
15. De Haan, Jakob ve Siermann, Clemens L.J. (1995). New Evidence on the Relationship between Democracy and Economic Growth. Public Choice, 86, 175-198.
16. Furuoka, Fumitaka (2009). Population Growth and Economic Development: New Empirical Evidence from Thailand. Economics Bulletin, 29 (1), 1-14.
17. Gosh, Sajal (2009). Import Demand of Crude Oil and Economic Growth: Evidence from India. Energy Policy, 37, 699–702.
18. Hall, Robert E. ve Jones, Charles I. (1999). Why Do Some Countries Produce so much more Output per Worker than Others? The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 114 (1), 83-116.
19. Helliwell, John F. ve Putnam, Robert D. (1995), Economic Growth and Social Capital in Italy. Eastern Economic Journal, 21 (3), 295-307.
20. Inglehart Ronald ve Baker Wayne E. (2000). Modernization, Cultural Change and the Persistence of Traditional Values. American Sociological Review, 65, 19-51.
21. Johnson, Nick (2016). Sustainable Development: Economy, Society, Environment. https://peofdev.wordpress.com/2016/10/18/sustainable-development-economy-society-e nvironment/ (Erişim Tarihi: 05.12.2017).
22. Klasen, S., ve Lawson, D. (2007). The Impact of Population Growth on Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction in Uganda. Working Paper No:133, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Volkswirtschaftliches Seminar, Göttingen.
23. Knack, Stephen ve Keefer, Philip (1997). Does Social Capital Have an Economic Pay off? A Cross-Country Investigation. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 112 (4), 1251-1288. Lucas Robert E. (1988). On the Mechanics of Economic Development. Journal of Monetary Economics, 22, 3- 42.
24. Mauro, Paolo (1995). Corruption and Growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 110, 681-713.
25. Ngo, Thu Hien L. ve Santos, Paulo (2012). Geography and Economic Growth in Vietnam. Agricultural and Applied Economics Association 2012 AAEA, CAES & WAEA Joint Annual Meeting, Seattle, Washington, August 12-14, 2012, https://ideas.repec.org/p/ags/iaae12/126491.html (Erişim Tarihi: 10.05.2019).
26. Öztürk, İlhan ve Acaravcı, Ali (2010). CO2 Emissions, Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Turkey. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14, 3220-3225. Romer Paul M. (1986). Increasing Returns and Long Run Growth. Journal of Political Economy, 94 (2), 1002-1037.
27. Tanzi, Vito ve Davodi, Hamid (1997). Corruption, Public Investment and Growth. IMF Working Paper.
28. WCED (1987). Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development: Our Common Future. United Nations.