Kadınların İş Yaşamındaki Konumunun Hofstede’nin Kültür Boyutları Açısından İncelenmesi

Abstract

İşgücü alanında yaşanan cinsiyet eşitsizliğini birçok toplumda gözlemlemek mümkün olmakla birlikte cinsiyet eşitsizliği oranları toplumdan topluma farkılılık göstermektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı kültürel boyutlardaki çeşitlilikler ile kadınların işgücündeki yerine dair toplumsal yaklaşımları incelemektir. Bu amaçla farklı ülkelere ait açık veri setlerinden alınan değerler birleştirilmiştir. Kültürel etkiler için Hofstede’nin kültür boyutları ve kadının iş yaşamındaki konumu için Dünya Değerleri Veri Setinden alınan ilgili maddeler kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada hiyerarşik regresyon analizi uygulanmış, gayri safi milli hasıla ve ekonomiye katılım kontrol değişkenleri olarak analize dahil edilmiştir. Sonuçlara göre, (1) kadınların eşlerinden daha fazla para kazanması bireycilik düzeyinin yüksek olduğu toplumlarda sorun olarak görülmemektedir, (2) kadınların iş sahibi olmaları belirsizlikten kaçınan toplumlarda bağımsızlık göstergesi olarak algılanmaktadır ve (3) belirsizlikten kaçınan toplumlar iş kısıtlılığı durumunda işi erkeğin hak edeceği görüşünü desteklememektedir. 

Keywords

• Cinsiyet Eşitsizliği,Hofstede Kültür Boyutları,İş Yaşamında Kadın,Belirsizlikten Kaçınma Boyutu,Bireycilik Boyutu

Investigating the Status of Women in the Workforce from the Perspective of Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions

Abstract

It is probable to notice gender inequality in the workforce among most of the societies but inequality rates vary from society to society. The purpose of the current study is to investigate the diversities among cultural dimensions and social attitudes toward the status of women in the workforce. Hofstede’s cultural dimensions and items indicating the status of women in the workforce (World Values Survey) are combined from different country-based open-source datasets. Hierarchical regression analyses are conducted by controlling gross national product and economic participation. The findings showed that  (1) making more money than husbands is not regarded as a problem by the societies with higher levels of individualism (2) having a job is perceived as a way of independency of women and (3) the notion that men should have more right to get a job if jobs are scarce is not supported by the societies with higher levels of uncertainty avoidance.

Keywords

• Gender Inequality,Cultural Dimensions of Hofstede,Woman in Workforce,Uncertainty Avoidance Dimension,Individualism Dimension

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