Liderlikte Ortak Vizyon Oluşturma Davranışının İşletme Performansına Etkisinde Duygusal Zekanın Düzenleyici Rolü

Abstract

Çalışmanın amacı; kadın girişimcilerin etkili liderlik davranışlarından biri olan ortak vizyon oluşturma davranışının işletme performansına etkisinde duygusal zekanın düzenleyici rolü olup olmadığını belirlemektir. Araştırma tanımlayıcı türde tasarlanmış olup gerekli veriler, anket yöntemi ile toplanmıştır. Adana, Mersin, Osmaniye ve Hatay illerinde faaliyet gösteren kadın girişimciler çalışmanın evrenini oluşturmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında 535 kadın girişimciye anket uygulanmış, anket sonuçları analize tabi tutulmuştur. Araştırma sonucunda,  ortak vizyon oluşturma davranışının işletme performansı üzerinde pozitif bir etkiye sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Bununla birlikte ortak vizyon oluşturma davranışı ile işletme performansı ilişkisinde duygusal zekanın düzenleyici bir rolü olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Böylece ortak vizyon oluşturma davranışının varlığının duygusal zekanın daha yüksek olduğu durumlarda işletme performansına daha fazla katkı sağladığı ortaya konmuştur.

Keywords

• Ortak Vizyon Oluşturma,İşletme Performansı,Duygusal Zeka,Kadın Girişimciliği,Etkili Liderlik Davranışları

The Moderating Role of Emotional Intelligence on the Effect of Common Vision Creation Behavior in Leadership on Firm Performance

Abstract

The aim of the study is to determine whether emotional intelligence has a role in the effect of the common vision creation behaviour, which is one of the effective leadership behaviors of women entrepreneurs, on the firm performance. The research was designed as a descriptive type and the necessary data were collected by survey method. Target population of the study were women entrepreneurs working in Adana, Mersin, Osmaniye. A questionnaire was applied to 535 female entrepreneurs and the results of the survey were analyzed. As a result of the study, it has been determined that the common vision creation behavior has a positive effect on the firm performance. Furthermore, it was found that emotional intelligence tended to moderate the relationship between common vision creation behavior and the firm performance. Thus, it has been shown that the existence of common vision creation contributes more to the firm performance when emotional intelligence is higher.

Keywords

• Common Vision Creation,Firm Performance,Emotional Intelligence,Women Entrepreneurship,Effective Leadership Behaviors

References

1. Acar, F. (2002). Duygusal zeka ve liderlik. Erciyes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 12, 53-68.
2. Aiken, L. S. & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
3. Akal, Z. (1998). İşletmelerde performans ölçüm ve denetimi: Çok yönlü performans göstergeleri (3. basım). Ankara: Milli Prokdüvite Merkezi Yayınları.
4. Akgemci, T. (2008). Stratejik yönetim (2. basım). Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi.
5. Aldea, M. A. & Rice, K. G. (2006). The role of emotional dysregulation in perfectionism and psychological distress. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53, 498-510.
6. Alumran, J. & Punamäki, R. (2008). Relationship between gender, age, academic achievement, emotional intelligence, and coping styles in Bahraini adolescents. Individual Differences Research, 6, 104-119.
7. Andersen, J. A. (2006). Leadership, personality and effectiveness. The Journal of Socio-Economics, 35, 1078-1091.
8. Apaydın, F. (2007). Örgütlerde kurumsallaşma ve adaptif yeteneklerin pazarlama eylemlerine ve örgütsel performansa etkileri (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Gebze Yüksek Teknoloji Enstitüsü, Kocaeli.

9. Ashford, S. J., Wellman, N., Sully de Luque, M., De Stobbeleir, K. E. & Wollan, M. (2016). Two roads to effectiveness: CEO feedback seeking, vision articulation, and firm performance. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 39 (1), 82-95.
10. Ashkanasy, N. M. & Hooper, G. (1999). Perceiving and managing emotion in the workplace: A research agendabased on neurophysiology. Paper presented at the Third Australian Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference, Brisbane, June, 1999.
11. Avery, G. C. (2004).Understanding leadership: Paradigms and cases. London: Sage
12. Baltaş, Z. (2011). İnsanın dünyasını aydınlatan ve işine yansıyan ışık duygusal zeka (4. basım). İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi.
13. Bass, B. M. & Avolio, B. J. (1994). Improving Organizational Effectiveness through Transformational Leadership. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
14. Bass, B. M. (2008). The Bass handbook of leadership (4th ed.). New York: Free Press.
15. Bass, B. M. & Steidlmeier, P. (1999). Ethics, character, and authentic transformational leadership behavior. Leadership Quarterly, 10, 181-217
16. Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectations. New York: The Free Pres.
17. Bass, B. M. (1990). Bass and Stogdill’s handbook of leadership, theory, research, and managerial applications (3th ed.). New York: The Free Press.
18. Bennis, W. & Nanus, B. (1985). Leaders, the strategies for taking charge. New York: Harper and Rowe.
19. Bernhard, F. & O' Driscoll, M. P. (2011). Psychological ownership in small family-owned businesses: Leadership style and nonfamily-employees’ work attitudes and behaviors. Group & Organization Management, 36(3), 345-384.
20. Bersin, J. (2012). It's not the CEO, it's the leadership strategy that matters. Retriewed 06.12.2014 from http://www.forbes.com/sites/joshbersin/2012/07/30/its-not-the-ceo-its-the-leadership-strategy-that-matters/.
21. Bititci, U. S., Turner, U. & Begemann, C. (2000). Dynamics of performance measurement systems. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 20(6), 692-704
22. Brown, D. J. & Keeping, L. M. (2005). Elaborating the construct of transformational leadership: The role of affect. The Leadership Quarterly, 16(2), 245-272.
23. Carmeli, A. (2003). The relationship between emotional intelligence and work attitudes, behavior and outcomes: An examination among senior managers. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 18(8), 788-813
24. Carton, A. M., Murphy, C. & Clark, J. (2014). Vision and Values. In Academy of Management Proceedings (Vol. 2014, No. 1, p. 16842). Briarcliff Manor, NY 10510: Academy of Management.
25. Chan, D. W. (2004). Perceived emotional ıntelligence and self-efficacy among Chinese secondary school teachers in Hong Kong. Personality and Individual Differences, 36, 1781–1795.
26. Chemers M. (1997), An integrative theory of leadership. NewJersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.
27. Cherniss, C. & Goleman, D. (2001). The emotionally intelligent workplace: How to select for, measure, and improve the emotional intelligence in individuals, groups and organizations. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
28. Cokins G. (2004). Performance management: Finding the missing pieces (to close the intelligence gap). USA: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
29. Cooper, K. R. & Sawaf, A. (2010). Liderlikte duygusal zeka (çev: B. Sancar ve Z. B. Ayman). İstanbul: Sistem Yayıncılık.
30. Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G. & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2012). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları. Ankara: Pegem A Yayıncılık.
31. Das, A. & Narasimhan, R. (2001). Process-technology fit and its implications for manufacturing performance. Journal of Operations Management, 19(5), 521-540.
32. Demirkaya, H. (2000). Performans ölçüm rehberi. Ankara: Sayıştay Yayınları.
33. Denison, D. R. & Mishra, A. K. (1995). Toward a theory of organizational culture and effectiveness. Organization Science, 6(2), 204-223.
34. Derue, D. S., Nahrgang, J. D., Wellman, N. E. D. & Humphrey, S. E. (2011). Trait and behavioral theories of leadership: An integration and meta‐analytic test of their relative validity. Personnel psychology, 64(1), 7-52.
35. Dhillon, P. K. (1993). Women entrepreneurs: Problems ve prospects. New Delhi : Blaze Publishers ve Distributors.
36. Doğan, S. (2001). Vizyona dayalı liderlik. İstanbul: Seçil Ofset.
37. Doğanalp, B. (2009). Kriz döneminde transformasyonel lider davranışlarının işletme performansı bağlamında fırsat yönetimine etkisi: Bankacılık sektöründe bir uygulama. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (22), 131-146.
38. Drath, W. (2001). The deep blue sea: Rethinking the source of leadership. San Francisco, CA: Jossey- Bass.
39. Duygulu, S. (2007). Servis sorumlu hemşirelerine yönelik hazırlanan transformasyonel liderlik eğitim programının liderlik uygulamaları üzerine etkisi (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara.
40. Emrem, E. (2002). Strateji Odaklı Organizasyonel Performans Yönetim Sistemi Kapsamında Entelektüel Sermaye Performansının Ölçümü (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Sakarya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Sakarya.
41. Evans, M. D. R. & Kelley, J. (2008). Trends in Women’s Labor Force Particitation in Australia: 1984-2002. Social Science Research, 37 (1), 287-310.
42. Fisher, C.J. (1997). Corporate culture and perceived business performance: a study of the relationship between the culture of an organization and perceptions of ıts financial and qualitative performance (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). California School of Professional Psychology, USA.
43. Fitzgerald, L., Johnson, R., Brignall, S. Silvestro, R. & Voss C. (1991). Performance measurement in service businesses. London: CIMA Press,
44. Goleman, D. (2007). Duygusal zeka: EQ neden IQ’dan önemlidir? (31. basım). (B. S. Yüksel, Çev.) İstanbul: Varlık Yayınları.
45. Goleman, D., Boyatzis, R. & McKee, A. (2002). Primal leadership: Realizing the power of emotional intelligence. Boston, MA: Harvard Business Press Books.
46. Gooch, J. & Montgomery, M. G. (1986). American can compete. Dallas: Southern Methodist University Press.
47. Grady, M. W. (1991). Performance measurement: implementing strategy. Strategic Finance, 72(12), 49.
48. Greenberg, J. (2002). Managing behavior in organizations, Third Edition. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
49. Grossman, R. J. (2000). Emotions at work. Health Forum Journal, 43(5), 18-27.
50. Hicks, H. G. & Gullett, C. R. (1981). Organizasyonlar; teori ve davranış. (B. Baykal, çev.). İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Bilimleri Enstitüsü Yayını. http://www.tbmm.gov.tr/komisyon/kefe/docs/komisyon_raporu_2014_1.pdf Erişim Tarihi: 15.01.204 https://www.academia.edu/4872142/The_rare_Jewel_of_effective_leadership
51. Jing, F. F., Avery, G. C. & Bergsteiner, H. (2014). Enhancing performance in small professional firms through vision communication and sharing. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 31(2), 599-620.
52. Kadın Erkek Fırsat Eşitliği Komisyonu (2013). Her alandaki kadın istihdamının artırılması ve çözüm önerileri komisyon raporu. Kadın Erkek Fırsat Eşitliği Komisyonu Yayınları No: 12.
53. Kantabutra, S. & Avery, G. C. (2010). The power of vision: statements that resonate. Journal of Business Strategy, 31(1), 37-45.
54. Karakaş, B. & Ak, R. (2003). Kamu kurumlarında performans yönetimi önemli midir? Kamu Yönetiminde Kalite 3. Ulusal Kongresi, TODAİE Yayını, Ankara, 337-351.
55. Konrad, S. & Hendl, C. (2005). Duygularla güçlenmek (M. Taştan Çev.). İstanbul: Hayat Yayınları.
56. Kouzes, J. M. & Posner, B. Z. (2002). The leadership challenge (3rd ed.). San Francisco:-Bass.
57. Köseoğlu, Ö., (2005). Belediyelerde performans yönetimi. Türk İdare Dergisi, 447, 211-234.
58. Lipton, M. (1996). Demystifying the development of an organizational vision. Sloan Management Review, 37(4), 83-91.
59. Luthans, F. (1995). Organizational behavior (7th ed.). İstanbul: Literatür Yayıncılık.
60. Mayer, J. D. & Salovey, P. (1993). The intelligence of emotional intelligence. Intelligence, 17 (4), 432-442.
61. Mayer, J. D., Salovey, P. & Caruso, D. (2000). Emotional intelligence as zeitgeist, as personality, and as a mental ability. In R. Bar-On & J.D.A. Parker (Eds.), The handbook of emotional intelligence (pp. 92-117). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
62. Mboko, S. & Smith-Hunter A. E. (2009). Women entrepreneurs in Zimbabwe: A case study. The Journal of Global Business Issues, 3(1), 157-169.
63. Mckay, A. (2008). The effect of CEOs on firm performance. Strategic Management Journal, 29(12), 1357-1367.
64. Merlevede, E. P., Vandamme, R. & Bridoux, D. (2006). 7 adımda duygusal zeka. İstanbul: Omega Yayıncılık.
65. Minahan, T. (1997, January). Are buyers gumming up the supply chain? Purchasing, 122(1), 79-80.
66. Mutlu, H. M. (2007). Dağıtım kanallarında kanal üyelerinin rol performansını etkileyen etmenler üzerine bir inceleme (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Gebze Yüksek Teknoloji Enstitüsü, Kocaeli.
67. Nanus, B. (1992). Visionary Leadership: Creating a Compelling Sense of Direction for Your Organization. Jossey-Bass Inc., 350 Sansome Street, San Francisco, CA 94104-1310.
68. Olson, E. M., Slater, S. F. & Hult, G. T. M. (2005). The performance implications of fit among business strategy, marketing organization structure, and strategic behavior. Journal of Marketing, 69(3), 49-65.
69. Ouyang, Z., Sang, J., Li, P. & Peng, J. (2015). Organizational justice and job insecurity as mediators of the effect of emotional intelligence on job satisfaction: A study from China. Personality and Individual Differences, 76, 147-152.
70. Packard, J. A. (2008). Analyzing the intersection of leadership practices, emotional intelligence, and coping responses in women-owned small businesses (Doctoral dissertation). Capella University, Minneapolis.
71. Pawar B. S. & Eastman, K. K. (1997). The nature and implications of contextual influences on transformational leadership: A conceptual examination. Academy of Management Review, 22(1), 80-109.
72. Peker, E. & Kubar, Y. (2012). Türkiye’de Kırsal kesimde kadın istihdamına genel bir bakış. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi,14(2), 173-188.
73. Podolny, J. M., Khurana, R. & Hill‐Popper, M. (2005). Revisiting the meaning of leadership. Research in Organizational Behavior, 26, 1–36.
74. Porter, M. E. (1991). Towards a dynamic theory of strategy. Strategic Management Journal, 12(2), 95-117.
75. Prati, M. L., Douglas, C., Ferris, G. R., Ammeter, A. P. & Buckley, M. R. (2003). Emotional intelligence, leadership effectiveness, and team outcomes. The International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 11(1), 21-40.
76. Scuderi, R. (2013). Emotional intelligence - Why is it important? Retrieved 25.09.2014 from http://www.lifehack.org/articles/communication/emotional-intelligence-why-important.html.
77. Schutte, N. S., Malouff, J. M., Hall, L. E., Haggerty, D. J., Cooper, J. T., Golden, C. J. & Dornheim, L. (1998). Development and validation of a measure of emotional intelligence. Personality and Individual Differences, 25, 167–177.
78. Sichone, B. (2004). The rare jewel of effective leadership: Being the need of the times. Retrieved November 15, 2014, from https://www.academia.edu/4872142/The_ rare_Jewel_of_effective_leadership
79. Sully de Luque, M. S., Washburn, N. T., Waldman, D. A. & House, R. J. (2008). Unrequited profit: How stakeholder and economic values relate to subordinates' perceptions of leadership and firm performance. Administrative Science Quarterly, 53, 626–654.
80. Tichy, N. M. & Devanna, M. A. (1986). The transformational leader. New York: Wiley.
81. Venkatraman, N. & Ramanujam, V. (1986). Measurement of business performance in strategy research: A comparison of approaches. Academy of management review, 11(4), 801-814.
82. Wadhwa, S. & Parimoo, D. (2016). Impact of vision and mission on organizational performance in Indian context. The Internatıonal Journal of Busıness & Management (4)12, 165-170.
83. Wang, H., Law, K. S., Hackett, R. D., Wang, D. & Chen, Z. X. (2005). Leader–member exchange as a mediator of the relationship between transformational leadership and followers' performance and organizational citizenship behavior. Academy of Management Journal, 48, 420-432.
84. Waring, A. L. (2003). African-American female college presidents: Self conceptions of leadership. Journal of Leadership ve Organizational Studies, 9(3), 31-44.
85. Werner, I. (1993). Liderlik ve yönetim. (V. Üner, Çev.). İstanbul: Rota Yayınevi.
86. Wong, C. S. & Law, K. S. (2002). The effects of leader and follower emotional intelligence on performance and attitude: An exploratory study. The leadership quarterly, 13(3), 243-274.
87. Yeşilyaprak, B. (2001). Duygusal zeka (EQ): İş performansını belirleyici bir değişken. Ankara: İmge Kitabevi.
88. Yukl, G. A. (1989). Leadership in organizations (2nd ed.). New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
89. Zerenler, M. (2005). Performans ölçüm sistemleri tasarımı ve üretim sistemlerinin performansının ölçümüne yönelik bir araştırma. Ekonomik ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 1, 1-36.
90. Zhu, W., Chew, I.K.H. & Spangler, W.D. (2005) CEO transformational leadership ve organizational outcomes: The mediating role of human-capital-enhancing human resource management. The Leadership Quarterly, 16(1), 39-52.