Elektrikli Araç Batarya Soğutma Sistemlerinden Atık Isının Organik Rankine Çevrimi ile Elektrik Enerjisine Dönüştürülmesi

Abstract

Elektrikli araçların (EA) hızla yaygınlaşmasıyla birlikte batarya termal yönetim sistemleri kritik bir öneme sahip olmuştur. EA bataryalarının soğutulması sırasında açığa çıkan artık ısı, sürdürülebilir enerji geri kazanımı açısından önemli bir potansiyel sunmaktadır. Bu çalışma, elektrikli araç batarya soğutma sistemlerinden elde edilen artık ısının Organik Rankine Çevrimi (ORÇ) ile elektriğe dönüştürülme potansiyelini teorik olarak incelemektedir. ORÇ verimliliğini değerlendirmek amacıyla çeşitli çalışma akışkanları karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz edilmiştir. İncelenen akışkanlar arasında R123 ve SES36, %15 ile en yüksek termal verimliliğe ulaşırken, R134a %14 ile biraz daha düşük bir verimlilik sergilemiştir. Aynı çalışma koşullarında, en yüksek türbin güç çıkışı 20–25 °C kondansatör sıcaklığı ve 75–80 °C buharlaştırıcı sıcaklığı aralığında elde edilmiştir. R123 ile 14,70 kW, SES36 ile 14,80 kW maksimum türbin gücü sağlanırken, R134a ile 14,40 kW’lık bir türbin gücü elde edilmiştir. Dikkat çekici bir şekilde, hem en yüksek termal verimlilik hem de maksimum türbin gücü, çalışma akışkanlarının en düşük kütlesel debisinde elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, elektrikli araç batarya sistemlerinde etkili termal ve atık ısı yönetiminin önemini vurgulamakta olup, sürdürülebilir ulaşım teknolojilerinin geliştirilmesi açısından kritik rol oynamaktadır. Bu alanda yapılacak ileri düzey araştırmaların, hem araç performansının artırılmasına hem de çevresel etkilerin azaltılmasına katkı sağlaması beklenmektedir.

Keywords

• Organik Rankine Çevrimi
• Elektrikli Araçlar
• Batarya Soğutma Sistemi
• Atık Isı

Utilizing waste heat from EV battery cooling systems for power generation via organic Rankine cycle

Abstract

As electric vehicles (EVs) become increasingly common, managing battery temperature has become a key engineering challenge. During the cooling process, EV batteries release a considerable amount of heat that often goes to waste. This study explores how that residual heat can be converted into electricity using the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC). A theoretical analysis compares the performance of three working fluids (R123, SES36, and R134a) under the same conditions. The results show that R123 and SES36 reached up to 15% thermal efficiency, while R134a was slightly lower at 14%. The highest turbine outputs were achieved between 20–25°C condenser temperatures and 75–80°C steam generator temperatures. R123 and SES36 produced around 14.7–14.8 kW, while R134a produced 14.4 kW. Interestingly, both peak efficiency and power were observed at the lowest fluid flow rates. What makes this work unique is its focus on applying ORC technology directly to EV battery cooling systems (a concept that has not been widely explored). The findings suggest a new path for improving energy use in EVs and reducing their environmental footprint.

Keywords

• Organic Rankine Cycle
• Electric Vehicles
• Battery Cooling System
• Waste heat

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