Influence of Diesel Fuel and Soybean Oil Ethyl Ester Blends on the Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Diesel Engine

Year 2016, Volume: 5 Issue: 1 , 1 - 7 , 03.05.2016

Banu Sugözü

https://doi.org/10.18245/ijaet.47076

https://izlik.org/JA44JS39FN

Abstract

In this study, blends of soybean oil ethyl ester and diesel fuel are tested as alternative fuel in a single cylinder, air cooled pre-combustion chamber diesel engine at different speeds and their effects on engine performance and emissions are analyzed. It is observed that the average moment obtained by 5% soybean oil ethyl ester and diesel fuel blend (SOE5) is 0.53% lower, the level of power obtained is 1.8% lower; however, specific fuel consumption is approximately 4.31% higher than those of diesel fuel. In the experiments conducted with 20% soybean oil ethyl ester and diesel fuel blend (SOE20), it is observed that the average moment is 1.74% lower, the level of power obtained is 5.91% lower; however, specific fuel consumption is approximately 10.94% higher than those of diesel fuel. Moreover, while a distinctive decrease is observed in CO emissions of fuel blends, NOx emissions are obtained very close to that of diesel fuel.

Keywords

biodiesel , soybean oil ethyl ester , alternative fuels

References

• Demirbas, A., "Energy balance, energy sources, energy policy, future developments and energy investments in Turkey", Energy Conversion and Management, 42, 10, pp. 1239–1258, 2001.
• Karabektas, M., et al., "The effects of preheated cottonseed oil methyl ester on the performance and exhaust emissions of a diesel engine", Applied Thermal Engineering 28, 17-18, pp. 2136–2143, 2008.
• Saeed, M. N., Henein, N.A., "Combustion phenomena of alcohols in C. I. engines", Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 111, 3, pp. 439–444, 1989.
• Can, O., et al., "Effects of ethanol addition on performance and emissions of a turbocharged indirect injection diesel engine running at different injection pressures", Energy Conversion and Management, 45, 15-16, pp. 2429–2440, 2004.
• Abu-Quadis, M., et al., "The effect of alcohol fumigation on diesel engine performance and emissions", Energy Conversion and Management, 41, pp.389–99, 2000.
• Czerwinski, J., "Performance Of HD-DI Diesel Engine With Addition Of Ethanol And Rapeseed Oil", SAE Paper No. 940545, 1994.
• Hansen, A. C., et al., "Ethanol-diesel fuel blends-a review", Bioresource Technology, 96, 3, pp. 277–285, 2005.
• Sendzikiene, E., et al., "Influence of fuel oxygen content on diesel engine exhaust emissions", Renewable Energy, 31, 15, pp. 2505–2512, 2006.
• American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) D975-96, Standard Specification for Fuel Oils, Annual Book of ASTM Standards; Philadelphia, USA, 1997.
• European Committee for Standardization, EN 14214, Automotive fuels-fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) for diesel engines-requirement methods, Brussels (Belgium), 2003.
• Knothe, G., et al., "The biodiesel handbook", Champaign, IL (USA): AOCS Press, 2005.
• Ajav, E. A, et al.,. "Experimental study of some performance parameters of a constant speed stationary diesel engine using ethanol–diesel blends as fuel", Biomass and Bioenergy, 17, 4, pp. 357–365, 1999.
• He, B. Q., et al., "The effect of ethanol blended diesel fuels on emissions from a diesel engine", Atmospheric Environment, 37, 35, pp. 4965–4971, 2003.
• Shadid, E. M., Jamal, Y., "A review of biodiesel as vehicular fuel" Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 12, 9, pp.2484-2494, 2008.
• Özsezen, A., et al., "Performance and combustion characteristics of a DI diesel engine fueled with waste palm oil and canola oil methyl esters", Fuel, 88, 4, pp. 629-636, 2009.
• Keskin, A., et al., "Using of cotton oil soapstock biodiesel-diesel fuel blends as an alternative diesel fuel", Renewable Energy 33, 4, pp. 553-557, 2008.
• Çetinkaya, M., et al., "Engine and winter road test performances of used cooking oil originated biodiesel", Energy Conversion and Management, 46, 7-8, pp. 1279-1291, 2005.
• Altıparmak, D., et al., "Alternative fuel properties of tall oil fatty acid methyl ester-diesel fuel blends", Bioresource Technology, 98, 2, pp. 241-246, 2007.
• Gürü, M., et al., "Biodiesel production from waste chicken fat based sources and evaluation with Mg based additive in a Diesel engine", Renewable Energy, 35, 3, pp. 637-643, 2010.
• Kalligeros, S., et al., "An investigation of using biodiesel/marine diesel blends on the performance of a stationary diesel engine", Biomass and Bioenergy, 24, 2, pp. 141-149, 2003.
• Agarwal, A. K., "Biofuels (alcohols and biodiesel) applications as fuels for Internal Combustion Engines", Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 33, 3, pp. 233-271, 2007.
• Keskin, A., Emiroglu, A. O.," Catalytic reduction techniques for post-combustion diesel engine exhaust emissions", Energy Education Science and Technology Part A: Energy Science and Research, 25, pp. 87–103, 2010.
• Ozgur, T., et al., "Prediction of emissions of a diesel engine fueled with soybean biodiesel using artificial neural networks, Energy Education Science and Technology Part A: Energy Science and Research, 27, pp. 301–312, 2011.
• Çelik, M. B., Şimşek, D., "The Determination Of Optimum Injection Pressure In An Engine Fuelled With Soybean Biodiesel/Diesel Blend", Thermal Science, 2013.
• DOI Reference 10.2298/TSCI120807023C.
• Qi, D. H., et al., "Performance and combustion characteristics of biodiesel–diesel–methanol blend fuelled engine", Applied Energy, 87, 5, pp. 1679–1686, 2010.
• Satya, V. P. U., et al., "Effective Utilization Of B20 Blend With Oxygenated Additives", Thermal Science, 15, 4, pp. 1175-1184, 2011.
• Yucel, Y., Tekeli, Y., "Biodiesel production from canola oil using immobilized lipase", Energy Education Science and Technology Part A, 27, pp. 337–346, 2011.
• Krishnakumar, J., et al., "Technical Aspects of Biodiesel Production from Vegetable Oils", Thermal Science, 12, 2, pp. 159-169, 2008.
• Çanakçı, M., "Production of biodiesel from feedstocks with high free fatty acids and its effect on diesel engine performance and emissions", Ph.D. thesis, Iowa State Universty, Ames-Iowa, 2001.
• Lapuerta, M., et al., "Effect of biodiesel fuels on diesel engine emissions", Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 34, 2, pp. 198-223, 2008.
• Lin, L., et al., "Biodiesel production from crude rice bran oil and properties as fuel", Applied Energy, 86, 5, pp. 681-688, 2009.
• Canakci, M., Van, G. J. H., "Comparison of engine performance and emissions for petroleum diesel fuel, yellow grease biodiesel, and soybean oil biodiesel", Transactions of the ASAE, 46, pp. 937–944, 2003.
• McDonald, J. F., et al., "Emissions Characteristics of Soy Methyl Ester Fuels in an IDI Compression Ignition Engine", SAE paper, No.950400, 1995.
• Peterson, C. L., et al., "Ethyl Ester of Rapeseed Used as a Biodiesel Fuel-A Case Study", Biomass and Bioenergy, 10, 5-6, pp. 331–336, 1996.