EFFECTS ON PERFORMANCE, EMISSION AND COMBUSTION PARAMETERS OF ADDITION BIODIESEL AND BIOETHANOL INTO DIESEL FUEL

Abstract

In this study, safflower based biodiesel produced in the pilot plant were blended with certain amounts of diesel fuel and bioethanol from sugar beet. Diesel fuel and the blends were tested in a direct injection diesel engine and engine performance, combustion and exhaust emission characteristics were investigated. According to test results, the brake specific fuel consumptions of biodiesel blend were about 8.51% higher than diesel fuel. Bioethanol is increased brake specific fuel consumptions values up to 26.77%. The maximum cylinder gas pressure of biodiesel blend was about 0.46% higher than that of diesel fuel on average. This value was decreased about 1.75% with using of bioethanol. The exhaust emission results showed that biodiesel blend decreased carbon dioxide emissions and smoke opacity, while it increased nitrogen oxide emissions and exhaust gas temperature. Nitrogen oxide emissions, smoke opacity and exhaust gas temperature values were decreased with adding bioethanol, while it increased carbon dioxide emissions.

Keywords

• Safflower biodiesel,Bioethanol,Diesel engine,Combustion analysis,Exhaust emissions

References

1. Üçgül İ.; Akgül E.: Biyokütle teknolojisi. Yekarum Dergi 1(1), 3-11 (2010).
2. Kiss A.A.: Separative reactors for integrated production of bioethanol and biodiesel. Computers and Chemical Engineering 34(5), 812-820 (2010).
3. Barabas I.; Todorut A.; Baldean D.: Performance and emission characteristics of a CI engine fueled with diesel–biodiesel–bioethanol blends. Fuel 89(12), 3827-3832 (2010).
4. Çelikten İ.: The effect of biodiesel, ethanol and diesel fuel blends on the performance and exhaust emissions in a di diesel engine. Gazi University Journal of Science 24(2), 341-346 (2011).
5. Yılmaz N: Comparative analysis of biodiesel ethanol diesel and biodiesel methanol diesel blends in a diesel engine. Energy 40(1), 210-213 (2012).
6. Shahir S.A.; Masjuki H.H.; Kalam M.A.; Imran A.; Ashraful A.M.: Performance and emission assessment of diesel–biodiesel–ethanol/bioethanol blend as a fuel in diesel engines: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 48, 62-78 (2015).
7. Sastry G.R.K.; Deb M.; Panda J.K.: Effect of Fuel Injection Pressure, Isobutanol and ethanol addition on performance of diesel-biodiesel fuelled D.I. diesel engine. Energy Procedia 66, 81-84 (2015).
8. Chauhan B.S.; Kumar N.; Cho, H.M.: A study on the performance and emission of a diesel engine fueled with Jatropha biodiesel oil and its blends. Energy 37(1), 616-622 (2012).

9. Parekh P.R.; Goswami J.: Emission and performance of diesel engine using waste cooking oil bio diesel blends- a review. Journal of Engineering Research and Studies 3(1), 34-39 (2012).
10. Prasad L.; Pradhan S.; Das L.M.; Naik S.N.: Experimental assessment of toxic phorbol ester in oil, biodiesel and seed cake of Jatropha curcas and use of biodiesel in diesel engine. Applied Energy 93, 245-250 (2012).
11. Mofijur M.; Masjuki H.H.; Kalam M.A.; Atabani A.E.; Arbab M.I.; Cheng S.F.; Gouk S.W.: Properties and use of Moringa oleifera biodiesel and diesel fuel blends in a multi-cylinder diesel engine. Energy Conversion and Management 82, 169-176 (2014).
12. Huang J.; Wang Y.; Li S.; Roskilly A.P.; Yu H.; Li, H.: Experimental investigation on the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fuelled with ethanol–diesel blends. Applied Thermal Engineering 29(11-12), 2484-2490 (2009).
13. Labeckas G.; Slavinskas S.: Comparative performance of direct injection diesel engine operating on ethanol, petrol and rapeseed oil blends. Energy Conversion and Management 50(3), 792-801 (2009)
14. Dhar A,; Kevin R.; Agarwal A.K: Production of biodiesel from high-FFA neem oil and its performance, emission and combustion characterization in a single cylinder DICI engine. Fuel Processing Technology 97, 118-129 (2012).
15. Swaminathan C.; Sarangan J.: Performance and exhaust emission characteristics of a CI engine fueled with biodiesel (fish oil) with DEE as additive. Biomass and Bioenergy 39, 168-174 (2012).
16. Tomic M.D.; Savin L.D.; Micic R.D.; Smikic M.D.; Furman T.F.: Effects of fossil diesel and biodiesel blends on the performances and emissions of agricultural tractor engines. Thermal Science 17(1), 263-278 (2013).
17. Rounce P.; Tsolakis A.; York A.P.E.: Speciation of particulate matter and hydrocarbon emissions from biodiesel combustion and its reduction by aftertreatment. Fuel 96, 90-99 (2012).
18. Su J.; Zhu H.; Bohac S.V.: Particulate matter emission comparison from conventional and premixed low temperature combustion with diesel, biodiesel and biodiesel–ethanol fuels. Fuel 113, 221-227 (2013).
19. Lesnik l.; Iljaz, J.; Hribernik A.; Kegl B.: Numerical and experimental study of combustion, performance and emission characteristics of a heavy-duty DI diesel engine running on diesel, biodiesel and their blends. Energy Conversion and Management 81, 534-546 (2014).
20. Rakopoulos C.D.; Antonopoulos K.A.; Rakopoulos D.C.: Experimental heat release analysis and emissions of a HSDI diesel engine fueled with ethanol–diesel fuel blends. Energy 32(10), 1791-1808 (2007).
21. Lapuerta M.; Armas, O.; Herreros J.M.: Emissions from a diesel–bioethanol blend in an automotive diesel engine. Fuel 87(1), 25-31 (2008).
22. Anbarasu A.; Saravanan M.; Loganathan M.: The effect of ethanol addition in a biodiesel operated DI diesel engine on combustion, performance, and emission characteristics. International Journal of Green Energy 10, 90-102 (2013).
23. Chen H.; Shuai. S.; Wang J.: Study on combustion characteristics and PM emission of diesel engines using ester–ethanol–diesel blended fuels. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 31(2), 2981-2989 (2007).
24. Qi D.H.; Chen H.; Geng L.M.; Bian Y.Z.: Effect of diethyl ether and ethanol additives on the combustion and emission characteristics of biodiesel-diesel blended fuel engine. Renewable Energy 36(4), 1252-1258 (2011).
25. Zhu L.; Cheung C.S.; Zhang W.G.; Huang Z.: Combustion, performance and emission characteristics of a DI diesel engine fueled with ethanol–biodiesel blends. Fuel 90(5), 1743-1750 (2011).
26. Imtenan S.; Masjuki H.H.; Varman M.; Kalam M.A.; Arbab M.I.; Sajjad H.; Ashrafur Rahman S.M.: Impact of oxygenated additives to palm and jatropha biodiesel blends in the context of performance and emissions characteristics of a light-duty diesel engine. Energy Conversion and Management 83, 149-158, 2014.
27. İlkılıç C.; Aydın S.; Behçet R.; Aydın H.: Biodiesel from safflower oil and its application in a diesel engine. Fuel Processing Technology 92(3), 356-362 (2011).
28. Ong H.C.; Masjuki H.H.; Mahlia T.M.I.; Silitonga A.S.; Chong W.T.; Leong K.Y.: Optimization of biodiesel production and engine performance from high free fatty acid Calophyllum inophyllum oil in CI diesel engine. Energy Conversion and Management 81, 30-40 (2014).
29. He B.; Shuai S.; Wang J.; He H.: The effect of ethanol blended diesel fuels on emissions from a diesel engine. Atmospheric Environment 37(35), 4965-4971 (2013).
30. Sugözü B.: Influence of diesel fuel and soybean oil ethyl ester blends on the performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies 5(1), 1-7 (2016).
31. Fattah I.M.R.; Masjuki H.H.; Kalam M.; Wakil M.A.; Ashraful A.M.; Shahir S.A.: Experimental investigation of performance and regulated emissions of a diesel engine with Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel blends accompanied by oxidation inhibitors. Energy Conversion and Management 83, 232-240 (2014).
32. Kim H.; Choi B.: Effect of ethanol–diesel blend fuels on emission and particle size distribution in a common-rail direct injection diesel engine with warm-up catalytic converter. Renewable Energy 33(10), 2222-2228 (2008).
33. Lei J.; Bi Y.; Shen L.: Performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine fueled with ethanol-diesel blends in different altitude regions. Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2011(417421), 1-10, 2011.
34. Jagadish D.; Kumar P.R.; Murhty K.M.: Performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine run on biofuels based on experimental and semi analytical methods. International journal of energy and environment 2(5), 899-908 (2011).
35. Yılmaz N.; Vigil F.M.; Donaldson A.B.; Darabseh T.: Investigation of CI engine emissions in biodiesel–ethanol–diesel blends as a function of ethanol concentration. Fuel 115, 790-793 (2014).
36. Pilusa T.J.; Mollagee M.M.; Muzenda E.: Reduction of vehicle exhaust emissions from diesel engines using the whale concept filter. Aerosol and Air Quality Research 12, 994-1006 (2012).
37. Kumar N.; Pali H.S., Effects of n-Butanol Blending with Jatropha Methyl Esters on Compression Ignition Engine. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 41, 4327-4336 (2016).