Araştırma Makalesi

FROM DIPLOMATIC NEGOTIATIONS TO “APOCALYPSE” THE QUESTION OF RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE ONSET OF THE GENOCIDE AGAINST THE TUTSI IN RWANDA (1993–1994)

Cilt: 11 Sayı: 22 29 Eylül 2026
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FROM DIPLOMATIC NEGOTIATIONS TO “APOCALYPSE” THE QUESTION OF RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE ONSET OF THE GENOCIDE AGAINST THE TUTSI IN RWANDA (1993–1994)

Öz

This article examines the position adopted by president Juvénal Habyarimana and the MRND towards the Arusha peace process, in order to assess their responsibility for the political impasse that preceded the Genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda. It argues that, although the Arusha Accords of 4 August 1993 were intended to establish power-sharing institutions and pave the way for democratic elections, their implementation was obstructed by Habyarimana and, above all, by extremists within his political and military entourage. These actors never genuinely accepted a political settlement with the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF). Drawing on archival materials, political speeches, and contemporary testimonies, the article focuses in particular on divisions within the Rwandan delegation at Arusha. It also examines the efforts of figures such as colonel Théoneste Bagosora to constrain the negotiations conducted by foreign minister Boniface Ngulinzira. Particular attention is paid to Habyarimana’s dual discourse on the peace process and to his eventual disavowal of Ngulinzira.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

  1. Ba, A. (2024). Tragédie rwandaise : l’échec fatal de la solution négociée, L’Harmattan, Paris.
  2. Bertrand, J. (2000). Rwanda. Le piège de l’histoire, Éditions Karthala, Paris.
  3. Dallaire, R. (2004). Shake Hands with the Devil. The Failure of Humanity in Rwanda, Grand Central Publishing, New York.
  4. Marlaud, J-M. (2022). Dire l’indicible : mémoires d’un ambassadeur de France au Rwanda (1993-1994), L’Harmattan, Paris.
  5. Mukantabana, A. (2016). L’innommable : Agahomamunwa. Un récit du génocide des Tutsi, L’Harmattan, Paris. Mukasonga, S. (2012). La femme aux pieds nus, Folio, Paris.
  6. Kagabo J., Mudandagizi, V. (1974) " Complainte des gens de l’argile. Les Twa du Rwanda ", Cahiers d’études africaines, vol. 14, no 53, 1974, pp. 75-87.
  7. Ngulinzira, B., Mukeshimana-Ngulinzira F. (2001). Un autre Rwanda possible. Combat posthume, L’Harmattan, Paris.
  8. Nsabimana, A. (2022). Résilience. Crise des Grands Lacs. Témoignages d’une fratrie rwandaise après l’attentat du 6 avril 1994, self-published by the author. Nshimiyimana, V. (1995). Prélude du génocide rwandais, Éditions Quorum, Ottignies.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Afrika Çalışmaları

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

29 Eylül 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

26 Ağustos 2026

Kabul Tarihi

29 Eylül 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 22

Kaynak Göster

APA
Çehreli, A. S. (2026). FROM DIPLOMATIC NEGOTIATIONS TO “APOCALYPSE” THE QUESTION OF RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE ONSET OF THE GENOCIDE AGAINST THE TUTSI IN RWANDA (1993–1994). Uluslararası Afro-Avrasya Araştırmaları Dergisi, 11(22), 170-183. https://izlik.org/JA67WD27MR
AMA
1.Çehreli AS. FROM DIPLOMATIC NEGOTIATIONS TO “APOCALYPSE” THE QUESTION OF RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE ONSET OF THE GENOCIDE AGAINST THE TUTSI IN RWANDA (1993–1994). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AFRO-EURASIAN RESEARCH. 2026;11(22):170-183. https://izlik.org/JA67WD27MR
Chicago
Çehreli, Ayşe Sıla. 2026. “FROM DIPLOMATIC NEGOTIATIONS TO ‘APOCALYPSE’ THE QUESTION OF RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE ONSET OF THE GENOCIDE AGAINST THE TUTSI IN RWANDA (1993–1994)”. Uluslararası Afro-Avrasya Araştırmaları Dergisi 11 (22): 170-83. https://izlik.org/JA67WD27MR.
EndNote
Çehreli AS (01 Eylül 2026) FROM DIPLOMATIC NEGOTIATIONS TO “APOCALYPSE” THE QUESTION OF RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE ONSET OF THE GENOCIDE AGAINST THE TUTSI IN RWANDA (1993–1994). Uluslararası Afro-Avrasya Araştırmaları Dergisi 11 22 170–183.
IEEE
[1]A. S. Çehreli, “FROM DIPLOMATIC NEGOTIATIONS TO ‘APOCALYPSE’ THE QUESTION OF RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE ONSET OF THE GENOCIDE AGAINST THE TUTSI IN RWANDA (1993–1994)”, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AFRO-EURASIAN RESEARCH, c. 11, sy 22, ss. 170–183, Eyl. 2026, [çevrimiçi]. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA67WD27MR
ISNAD
Çehreli, Ayşe Sıla. “FROM DIPLOMATIC NEGOTIATIONS TO ‘APOCALYPSE’ THE QUESTION OF RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE ONSET OF THE GENOCIDE AGAINST THE TUTSI IN RWANDA (1993–1994)”. Uluslararası Afro-Avrasya Araştırmaları Dergisi 11/22 (01 Eylül 2026): 170-183. https://izlik.org/JA67WD27MR.
JAMA
1.Çehreli AS. FROM DIPLOMATIC NEGOTIATIONS TO “APOCALYPSE” THE QUESTION OF RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE ONSET OF THE GENOCIDE AGAINST THE TUTSI IN RWANDA (1993–1994). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AFRO-EURASIAN RESEARCH. 2026;11:170–183.
MLA
Çehreli, Ayşe Sıla. “FROM DIPLOMATIC NEGOTIATIONS TO ‘APOCALYPSE’ THE QUESTION OF RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE ONSET OF THE GENOCIDE AGAINST THE TUTSI IN RWANDA (1993–1994)”. Uluslararası Afro-Avrasya Araştırmaları Dergisi, c. 11, sy 22, Eylül 2026, ss. 170-83, https://izlik.org/JA67WD27MR.
Vancouver
1.Ayşe Sıla Çehreli. FROM DIPLOMATIC NEGOTIATIONS TO “APOCALYPSE” THE QUESTION OF RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE ONSET OF THE GENOCIDE AGAINST THE TUTSI IN RWANDA (1993–1994). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AFRO-EURASIAN RESEARCH [Internet]. 01 Eylül 2026;11(22):170-83. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA67WD27MR

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