BibTex RIS Cite

Understanding Adaptation and Natural Selection: Common Misconceptions

Year 2015, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 53 - 63, 13.04.2015
https://doi.org/10.17985/ijare.53146

Abstract

 

Constituting a central and unifying base for all biological fields, theory of evolution is an interdisciplinary subject and plays an important role in understanding some basic concepts of biology. The main purpose of this research is to identify biology pre-service teachers’ misconceptions about adaptation and natural selection. For this purpose, research was conducted mixed methods research design that collects, analyzes, and mixes both quantitative and qualitative methods in a single study on 117 biology pre-service teachers studying at 2th, 3th, 4th and 5th classes of Ataturk University Kazım Karabekir Education Faculty. Too many misconceptions about mechanism and purpose of adaptation and natural selection held by pre-service teachers were determined through the qualitative and the quantitative data that were gained by using a two-tier diagnostic questionnaire that has 8 questions. Appropriate suggestions were made with the obtained results.

 

References

  • Abraham, J.K., Meir, E., Perry, J., Herron, J.C., Maruca, S., and Stal, D. (2009). Addressing undergraduate student misconceptions about natural selection with an interactive simulated laboratory. Evolution: Education and Outreach, 2(3): 393-404.
  • Anderson, D.L., Fisher, K.M., and Norman, G.J. (2002). Development and evaluation of the conceptual inventory of natural selection. Journal of research in science teaching, 39(10), 952-978.
  • Atasayar, A. (2008). Kavram Öğretimi Sürecine Yönelik İçerik Geliştirme Aracının Tasarlanması Ve Kullanışlılığı. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi.
  • Atılboz N. G. (2004). Lise 1. Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Mitoz ve Mayoz Bölünme Konuları İle İlgili Anlama Düzeyleri ve Kavram Yanılgıları. Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 24(3), 147-157.
  • Baker, D.R. and Piburn, M.D. (1997). Constructing Science in iddle and Secondary school classroom. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn ve Bacon.
  • Banet, E. and Ayuso, G.E. (2003). Teaching of biological inheritance and evolution of living beings in secondary school. International Journal of Science Education, 25(3), 373-407.
  • Beardsley, P.M., Bloom, M.V., and Wise, S.B. (2012). Challenges and opportunities for teaching and designing effective K-12 evolution curricula. In K. S. Rosengren, S. K.
  • -
  • Bergman, J. (1979). Attitude of university students toward the teaching of creation and evolution in the schools. Origins, 6, 64-66.
  • Bishop, B. A. and Anderson, C.W. (1990). Student Conceptions of Natural Selection and its role in evolution. Journal for Research in Science Teaching, 27, 415-427.
  • Blackwell, W.H., Powell, M.J. and Dukes, G.H. (2003). The problem of student acceptance of evolution. Journal of BiologicalEducation, 37(2), 58-67.
  • Boese, W.J. (2003) Natural Selection in Flaagan K.J. and Pelaez, N.J. Excellence in Life Science. Dubuque, lA: Kendall/Hunt.
  • Brumby, B. (1979). Problems in learning the concept of natural selection. Journal of Biological Education, 13(2), 119-122.
  • Clough, E.E., and Wood-Robinson, C. (1985). How secondary students interpret instances of biological adaptation. Journal of Biological Education, 19, 304-310.
  • Creswell, J.W. (2008). Educational research planning, conducting and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. International Pearson Merril Prentice Hall.
  • Cunningham, D.L., and Wescott, D.J. (2009). Still more “fancy” and “myth” than “fact” in students’ conceptions of evolution. Evolution: Education and Outreach, 2(3), 505-517.
  • Dagher Z.R. and BouJaoude S. (2005), Students’ perceptions of the nature of evolutionary theory. Science Education, 89, 378-391.
  • Dagher, Z.R., Brickhouse, N.W., Shipman, H., and Letts, W.J. (2004). How some college students represent their understandings of the nature of scientific theories.
  • International Journal of Science Education, 26(6), 735-755.
  • Demastes, S.S., Settlage, J. and Good, R. (1995). Students' conception of natural selection and its role in evolution: Cases of replication and comparison. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 32, 535-550.
  • Dobzhansky, T. (1973). Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution. The American Biology Teachers, 35, 125-129.
  • Fahrenwald, C.R. (1999). Biology teachers' acceptance and understanding of evolution and the nature of science. Doctoral Thesis. University of South Dakota.
  • Ferrari, M., and Chi, M.T. (1998). The nature of naive explanations of natural selection. International Journal of Science Education, 20(10), 1231-1256.
  • Gould, S.J. (1982). Darwinism and the Expansion of Evolutionary Theory. Science, 216, 380-387.
  • Gould, S.J. (2002). The structure of evolutionary theory. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  • Grace, J.K. (2011). Impact of a targeted lab and lab instructor intervention on student understanding of evolution in a major's general biology. Doctoral Thesis. California State University.
  • Grant, B.W. (2009). Practitioner research improved my students’ understanding of evolution by natural selection in an introductory biology course. Teaching Issues and Experiments in Ecology, 6(Research #4).
  • Greene, E.D. (1990). The logic of university students' misunderstanding of natural selection. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 27(9), 875-885.
  • Gregory, T.R. (2009). Understanding natural selection: Essential concepts and common misconceptions. Evolution: Education and Outreach, 2, 156–175.
  • Hasenekoğlu, İ. (2002). Evrim. Atatürk Üniversitesi Kazım Karabekir Eğitim Fakültesi.
  • Helldén, G.F., and Solomon, J. (2004). The persistence of personal and social themes in context: Long‐and short‐term studies of students' scientific ideas. Science Education, 88(6), 885-900.
  • Köse, Ö.E. (2010). Biology students' and teachers’ religious beliefs and attitudes towards theory of evolution. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 1, 189-200.
  • Lawson, A.E., and Thompson, L.D. (1988). Formal reasoning ability and misconceptions concerning genetics and natural selection. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 25, 733-746.
  • Mann, M., and Treagust, D.F. (1998). A Pencil and Paper Instrument to Diagnose Students’ Conception of Breathing, Gas Exchange and Respiration. Australian Science Teachers Journal, 44(2), 55-59.
  • Meir, E., Perry, J., Herron, J.C. and Kingsolver, J. (2007). College students’ misconceptions about evolutionary trees. American Biology Teacher, 69, 71–76.
  • Miller, J.D., Scott E.C. and Okamoto, S. (2006). Public acceptance of evolution. Science, 313, 765-766.
  • Miller, KR. (1999). Finding Darwin’s God: A scientist’s search for common ground between God and evolution. New York: Harper Collins.
  • Mintzes, J.L., Wandersee, J.H., and Novak, J.D.(Eds.) (2000). Assessing science understanding: A human constructivist view (pp. 198-223). San Diego: Academic Press.
  • Moore, J.A. (2002). From Genesis to genetics: The case of evolution and creationism. Los Angeles: University of California Press.
  • Moore, R., Mitchell, G., Bally, R., Inglis, M., Day, J. and Jacops, D. (2002). Undergraduates' Understanding of Evolution: Ascriptions of agency as a Problem for student Learning. Journal of Biological Education, 36(2), 65-71.
  • National Research Council (NRC). (1995). National Science Education Standards. Washington D.C.: National Academy Press.
  • National Research Council (NRC). (1998). National science education standards. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
  • Nehm, R.H. and Reilly, L. (2007). Biology majors’ knowledge and misconceptions of natural selection. BioScience, 57(3), 263-272.
  • Özyeral-Bakanay, Ç.D. (2008). Biyoloji Öğretmen Adaylarının Evrim Teorisine Yaklaşımları ve Bilimin Doğasına Bakış Açıları. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Marmara Üniversitesi.
  • Paz-y-Miño-C G. and Espinosa, A. (2011). New England faculty and college students differ in their views about evolution, creationism, intelligent design, and religiosity. Evolution: Education and Outreach, 2, 323-42.
  • Pazza, R., Penteado, P.R. and Kavalco, K.F. (2010). Misconceptions about evolution in Brazilian freshmen students. Evolution: Education and Outreach, 3(1), 107-113.
  • Richard, S.M. (2004). Use of concept mapping to clarify misconceptions about natural selection in an all-male high school biology classroom. Doctoral Thesis. California State University.
  • Rutledge, M.L. and Warden, M.A. (1999). The development and validation of the Measure of Acceptance of the Theory of Evolution instrument. School Science & Mathematics, 99, 13–18.
  • Selvi, M. and Yağbasan, R. (2004). Basit Sarkaç Sisteminde Mekanik Enerjinin Korunumu Konusunda Öğrencilerin Kavram Yanılgıları. Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 24(3), 23-38.
  • Shtulman, A. (2006). Qualitative differences between naïve and scientific theories of evolution. Cognitive Psychology, 52, 17-194.
  • Shtulman, A., and Calabi, P. (2012). Cognitive constraints on the understanding and acceptance of evolution. In K. S. Rosengren, S. K. Brem, E. M. Evans, and G. M
  • Spiegel, A.N., Evans, E.M., Frazier, B., Hazel, A., Tare, M., Gram, W., and Diamond, J. (2012). Changing museum visitors’ conceptions of evolution. Evolution: Education and Outreach, 5(1), 43-61.
  • Understanding Evolution (2013). A collaborative project of the University of California Museum of Paleontology and the National Center for Science Education. Alıntı Tarihi: 16.10.2013 Web Adresi: http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/misconceptions_faq.php.
  • Van Dijk, E.M. (2009). Teachers‟ views on understanding evolutionary theory: A PCK study in the framework of the ERTE-model. Teaching and Teacher Education, 25, 259-267.
  • Van Dijk, E.M. and Kattmann, U. (2009) Teaching evolution with historical narratives. Evolution, Education and Outreach, 2, 479-489.
  • Varela, R.G. (2009). Evolution Misconceptions in Roman Catholic High School Students: A Comparative Study. Master Thesis. California State University.
  • Voska, K.W., and Heikkinen, H.W. (2000). Identification and Analysis of Student Conception Used to Solve Chemical Equilibrium Problems. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 37(2), 160-176.
  • Wandersee, J.H., Mintzes, J.J., and Arnaudin, M.W. (1989). Biology from the learner's viewpoint: A content analysis of the research literature. School Science and Mathematics, 89(8), 654-668.
  • Weeks, B.E. (2013). Unweaving misconceptions: Guided learning, simulations, and misconceptions in learning principles of natural selection. Doctoral Thesis. Capella University.
  • Wescott, D.J., and Cunningham, D.L. (2005). Recognizing student misconceptions about science and evolution. Age, 22(92), 23-29.
  • Williams, J.D. (2009). Belief versus acceptance: Why do people not believe in evolution?. BioEssays, 31(11), 1255-1262.
  • Wilson, J.A. (2001). Psuedoscientific Beliefs among College Students. Reports of the National Center for Science Education, 21, 9-13.
  • Woods, C.S. and Scharmann, L.C. (2001). High School Students' Perceptions of Evolutionary Theory. Alıntı Tarihi: 16.10.2013 Web Adresi: http://www.indiana.edu/~ensiweb/pap.hsev.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 11 Nisan 2013.
  • Yağbasan, R. and Gülçiçek, Ç. (2003). Fen Öğretiminde Kavram Yanılgılarının Karakteristiklerinin Tanımlanması. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 13, 102-120.
  • Yates, T.B. (2011). Student Acquisition Of Biological Evolution-Related Misconceptions: The Role Of Public High School Introductory Biology Teachers. Doctoral Thesis. University Of Oklahoma.
Year 2015, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 53 - 63, 13.04.2015
https://doi.org/10.17985/ijare.53146

Abstract

References

  • Abraham, J.K., Meir, E., Perry, J., Herron, J.C., Maruca, S., and Stal, D. (2009). Addressing undergraduate student misconceptions about natural selection with an interactive simulated laboratory. Evolution: Education and Outreach, 2(3): 393-404.
  • Anderson, D.L., Fisher, K.M., and Norman, G.J. (2002). Development and evaluation of the conceptual inventory of natural selection. Journal of research in science teaching, 39(10), 952-978.
  • Atasayar, A. (2008). Kavram Öğretimi Sürecine Yönelik İçerik Geliştirme Aracının Tasarlanması Ve Kullanışlılığı. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi.
  • Atılboz N. G. (2004). Lise 1. Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Mitoz ve Mayoz Bölünme Konuları İle İlgili Anlama Düzeyleri ve Kavram Yanılgıları. Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 24(3), 147-157.
  • Baker, D.R. and Piburn, M.D. (1997). Constructing Science in iddle and Secondary school classroom. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn ve Bacon.
  • Banet, E. and Ayuso, G.E. (2003). Teaching of biological inheritance and evolution of living beings in secondary school. International Journal of Science Education, 25(3), 373-407.
  • Beardsley, P.M., Bloom, M.V., and Wise, S.B. (2012). Challenges and opportunities for teaching and designing effective K-12 evolution curricula. In K. S. Rosengren, S. K.
  • -
  • Bergman, J. (1979). Attitude of university students toward the teaching of creation and evolution in the schools. Origins, 6, 64-66.
  • Bishop, B. A. and Anderson, C.W. (1990). Student Conceptions of Natural Selection and its role in evolution. Journal for Research in Science Teaching, 27, 415-427.
  • Blackwell, W.H., Powell, M.J. and Dukes, G.H. (2003). The problem of student acceptance of evolution. Journal of BiologicalEducation, 37(2), 58-67.
  • Boese, W.J. (2003) Natural Selection in Flaagan K.J. and Pelaez, N.J. Excellence in Life Science. Dubuque, lA: Kendall/Hunt.
  • Brumby, B. (1979). Problems in learning the concept of natural selection. Journal of Biological Education, 13(2), 119-122.
  • Clough, E.E., and Wood-Robinson, C. (1985). How secondary students interpret instances of biological adaptation. Journal of Biological Education, 19, 304-310.
  • Creswell, J.W. (2008). Educational research planning, conducting and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. International Pearson Merril Prentice Hall.
  • Cunningham, D.L., and Wescott, D.J. (2009). Still more “fancy” and “myth” than “fact” in students’ conceptions of evolution. Evolution: Education and Outreach, 2(3), 505-517.
  • Dagher Z.R. and BouJaoude S. (2005), Students’ perceptions of the nature of evolutionary theory. Science Education, 89, 378-391.
  • Dagher, Z.R., Brickhouse, N.W., Shipman, H., and Letts, W.J. (2004). How some college students represent their understandings of the nature of scientific theories.
  • International Journal of Science Education, 26(6), 735-755.
  • Demastes, S.S., Settlage, J. and Good, R. (1995). Students' conception of natural selection and its role in evolution: Cases of replication and comparison. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 32, 535-550.
  • Dobzhansky, T. (1973). Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution. The American Biology Teachers, 35, 125-129.
  • Fahrenwald, C.R. (1999). Biology teachers' acceptance and understanding of evolution and the nature of science. Doctoral Thesis. University of South Dakota.
  • Ferrari, M., and Chi, M.T. (1998). The nature of naive explanations of natural selection. International Journal of Science Education, 20(10), 1231-1256.
  • Gould, S.J. (1982). Darwinism and the Expansion of Evolutionary Theory. Science, 216, 380-387.
  • Gould, S.J. (2002). The structure of evolutionary theory. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  • Grace, J.K. (2011). Impact of a targeted lab and lab instructor intervention on student understanding of evolution in a major's general biology. Doctoral Thesis. California State University.
  • Grant, B.W. (2009). Practitioner research improved my students’ understanding of evolution by natural selection in an introductory biology course. Teaching Issues and Experiments in Ecology, 6(Research #4).
  • Greene, E.D. (1990). The logic of university students' misunderstanding of natural selection. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 27(9), 875-885.
  • Gregory, T.R. (2009). Understanding natural selection: Essential concepts and common misconceptions. Evolution: Education and Outreach, 2, 156–175.
  • Hasenekoğlu, İ. (2002). Evrim. Atatürk Üniversitesi Kazım Karabekir Eğitim Fakültesi.
  • Helldén, G.F., and Solomon, J. (2004). The persistence of personal and social themes in context: Long‐and short‐term studies of students' scientific ideas. Science Education, 88(6), 885-900.
  • Köse, Ö.E. (2010). Biology students' and teachers’ religious beliefs and attitudes towards theory of evolution. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 1, 189-200.
  • Lawson, A.E., and Thompson, L.D. (1988). Formal reasoning ability and misconceptions concerning genetics and natural selection. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 25, 733-746.
  • Mann, M., and Treagust, D.F. (1998). A Pencil and Paper Instrument to Diagnose Students’ Conception of Breathing, Gas Exchange and Respiration. Australian Science Teachers Journal, 44(2), 55-59.
  • Meir, E., Perry, J., Herron, J.C. and Kingsolver, J. (2007). College students’ misconceptions about evolutionary trees. American Biology Teacher, 69, 71–76.
  • Miller, J.D., Scott E.C. and Okamoto, S. (2006). Public acceptance of evolution. Science, 313, 765-766.
  • Miller, KR. (1999). Finding Darwin’s God: A scientist’s search for common ground between God and evolution. New York: Harper Collins.
  • Mintzes, J.L., Wandersee, J.H., and Novak, J.D.(Eds.) (2000). Assessing science understanding: A human constructivist view (pp. 198-223). San Diego: Academic Press.
  • Moore, J.A. (2002). From Genesis to genetics: The case of evolution and creationism. Los Angeles: University of California Press.
  • Moore, R., Mitchell, G., Bally, R., Inglis, M., Day, J. and Jacops, D. (2002). Undergraduates' Understanding of Evolution: Ascriptions of agency as a Problem for student Learning. Journal of Biological Education, 36(2), 65-71.
  • National Research Council (NRC). (1995). National Science Education Standards. Washington D.C.: National Academy Press.
  • National Research Council (NRC). (1998). National science education standards. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
  • Nehm, R.H. and Reilly, L. (2007). Biology majors’ knowledge and misconceptions of natural selection. BioScience, 57(3), 263-272.
  • Özyeral-Bakanay, Ç.D. (2008). Biyoloji Öğretmen Adaylarının Evrim Teorisine Yaklaşımları ve Bilimin Doğasına Bakış Açıları. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Marmara Üniversitesi.
  • Paz-y-Miño-C G. and Espinosa, A. (2011). New England faculty and college students differ in their views about evolution, creationism, intelligent design, and religiosity. Evolution: Education and Outreach, 2, 323-42.
  • Pazza, R., Penteado, P.R. and Kavalco, K.F. (2010). Misconceptions about evolution in Brazilian freshmen students. Evolution: Education and Outreach, 3(1), 107-113.
  • Richard, S.M. (2004). Use of concept mapping to clarify misconceptions about natural selection in an all-male high school biology classroom. Doctoral Thesis. California State University.
  • Rutledge, M.L. and Warden, M.A. (1999). The development and validation of the Measure of Acceptance of the Theory of Evolution instrument. School Science & Mathematics, 99, 13–18.
  • Selvi, M. and Yağbasan, R. (2004). Basit Sarkaç Sisteminde Mekanik Enerjinin Korunumu Konusunda Öğrencilerin Kavram Yanılgıları. Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 24(3), 23-38.
  • Shtulman, A. (2006). Qualitative differences between naïve and scientific theories of evolution. Cognitive Psychology, 52, 17-194.
  • Shtulman, A., and Calabi, P. (2012). Cognitive constraints on the understanding and acceptance of evolution. In K. S. Rosengren, S. K. Brem, E. M. Evans, and G. M
  • Spiegel, A.N., Evans, E.M., Frazier, B., Hazel, A., Tare, M., Gram, W., and Diamond, J. (2012). Changing museum visitors’ conceptions of evolution. Evolution: Education and Outreach, 5(1), 43-61.
  • Understanding Evolution (2013). A collaborative project of the University of California Museum of Paleontology and the National Center for Science Education. Alıntı Tarihi: 16.10.2013 Web Adresi: http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/misconceptions_faq.php.
  • Van Dijk, E.M. (2009). Teachers‟ views on understanding evolutionary theory: A PCK study in the framework of the ERTE-model. Teaching and Teacher Education, 25, 259-267.
  • Van Dijk, E.M. and Kattmann, U. (2009) Teaching evolution with historical narratives. Evolution, Education and Outreach, 2, 479-489.
  • Varela, R.G. (2009). Evolution Misconceptions in Roman Catholic High School Students: A Comparative Study. Master Thesis. California State University.
  • Voska, K.W., and Heikkinen, H.W. (2000). Identification and Analysis of Student Conception Used to Solve Chemical Equilibrium Problems. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 37(2), 160-176.
  • Wandersee, J.H., Mintzes, J.J., and Arnaudin, M.W. (1989). Biology from the learner's viewpoint: A content analysis of the research literature. School Science and Mathematics, 89(8), 654-668.
  • Weeks, B.E. (2013). Unweaving misconceptions: Guided learning, simulations, and misconceptions in learning principles of natural selection. Doctoral Thesis. Capella University.
  • Wescott, D.J., and Cunningham, D.L. (2005). Recognizing student misconceptions about science and evolution. Age, 22(92), 23-29.
  • Williams, J.D. (2009). Belief versus acceptance: Why do people not believe in evolution?. BioEssays, 31(11), 1255-1262.
  • Wilson, J.A. (2001). Psuedoscientific Beliefs among College Students. Reports of the National Center for Science Education, 21, 9-13.
  • Woods, C.S. and Scharmann, L.C. (2001). High School Students' Perceptions of Evolutionary Theory. Alıntı Tarihi: 16.10.2013 Web Adresi: http://www.indiana.edu/~ensiweb/pap.hsev.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 11 Nisan 2013.
  • Yağbasan, R. and Gülçiçek, Ç. (2003). Fen Öğretiminde Kavram Yanılgılarının Karakteristiklerinin Tanımlanması. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 13, 102-120.
  • Yates, T.B. (2011). Student Acquisition Of Biological Evolution-Related Misconceptions: The Role Of Public High School Introductory Biology Teachers. Doctoral Thesis. University Of Oklahoma.
There are 65 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Esra Özay Köse

Bülent Keskin This is me

Publication Date April 13, 2015
Submission Date April 13, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2015 Volume: 1 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Özay Köse, E., & Keskin, B. (2015). Understanding Adaptation and Natural Selection: Common Misconceptions. International Journal of Academic Research in Education, 1(2), 53-63. https://doi.org/10.17985/ijare.53146
AMA Özay Köse E, Keskin B. Understanding Adaptation and Natural Selection: Common Misconceptions. IJARE. September 2015;1(2):53-63. doi:10.17985/ijare.53146
Chicago Özay Köse, Esra, and Bülent Keskin. “Understanding Adaptation and Natural Selection: Common Misconceptions”. International Journal of Academic Research in Education 1, no. 2 (September 2015): 53-63. https://doi.org/10.17985/ijare.53146.
EndNote Özay Köse E, Keskin B (September 1, 2015) Understanding Adaptation and Natural Selection: Common Misconceptions. International Journal of Academic Research in Education 1 2 53–63.
IEEE E. Özay Köse and B. Keskin, “Understanding Adaptation and Natural Selection: Common Misconceptions”, IJARE, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 53–63, 2015, doi: 10.17985/ijare.53146.
ISNAD Özay Köse, Esra - Keskin, Bülent. “Understanding Adaptation and Natural Selection: Common Misconceptions”. International Journal of Academic Research in Education 1/2 (September 2015), 53-63. https://doi.org/10.17985/ijare.53146.
JAMA Özay Köse E, Keskin B. Understanding Adaptation and Natural Selection: Common Misconceptions. IJARE. 2015;1:53–63.
MLA Özay Köse, Esra and Bülent Keskin. “Understanding Adaptation and Natural Selection: Common Misconceptions”. International Journal of Academic Research in Education, vol. 1, no. 2, 2015, pp. 53-63, doi:10.17985/ijare.53146.
Vancouver Özay Köse E, Keskin B. Understanding Adaptation and Natural Selection: Common Misconceptions. IJARE. 2015;1(2):53-6.