Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Factor structure of the CES-D in an impoverished African American sample

Year 2019, Volume: 6 Issue: 4, 592 - 601, 05.01.2020
https://doi.org/10.21449/ijate.554755

Abstract

The Center of Epidemiological Studies Depression
scale (CES-D) has been used for decades to identify symptomatology of
depression in individuals. Overtime, the factor structure of the scale has been
both confirmed and challenged when applied to different population samples. The
present study explores the factor structure in population sample consisting of
impoverished African American parents (N=1,020), and the data were
collected from the Mobile Youth Study (MYS). Two-, four-, and higher-order
models were used to identify the best fitting model. The results indicate that
the most parsimonious model is a two-factor structure.

References

  • Beck, A. T., Ward, C. H., Mendelson, M., Mock, J., & Erbaugh, J. (1961). An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 4(6), 561-571.
  • Brown, T. N., Williams, D. R., Jackson, J. S., Neighbors, H. W., Torres, M., Sellers, S. L., & Brown, K. T. (2000). “Being black and feeling blue”: The mental health consequences of racial discrimination. Race and Society, 2(2), 117-131.
  • Campbell, L.L. (2007). CES-D four-factor structure is confirmed, but not invariant, in a large cohort of African American women. Psychiatry Research, 150(2), 173-180.
  • Cosco, T. D., Prina, M., Stubbs, B., & Wu, Y. T. (2017). Reliability and validity of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale in a population-based cohort of middle-aged US adults. Journal of Nursing Measurement, 25(3), 476-485.
  • Clark., V.A., Aneshensel, C.S., Freriches, R.R., & Morgan., T.M. (1981). Analysis of effects of sex and age in response to items on the CES-D scale. Psychiatry Research, 5(2), 171-181.
  • Cutrona, C. E., Russell, D. W., Brown, P. A., Clark, L. A., Hessling, R. M., & Gardner, K. A. (2005). Neighborhood context, personality, and stressful life events as predictors of depression among African American women. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 114(1), 3.
  • Edman, J. L., Danko, G. P., Andrade, N., McArdle, J. J., Foster, J., & Glipa, J. (1999). Factor structure of the CES-D (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale) among Filipino-American adolescents. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 34(4), 211-215.
  • Hamilton, M. (1960). A rating scale for depression. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 23(1), 56.
  • Hertzog, C., Alstine, J.V., Usala, P.D., Hultsch, D.F., & Dixon, R. 1990. Measurement Properties of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) in Older Populations. Psychological Assessment: A Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 2(1), 64-72.
  • Husaini, B.A., Neff, J.A., Harrington, J.B., Hughes, M.D., & Stone, R.H. (1980). Depression in rural communities: Validating the CES-D scale. Journal of Community Psychology, 8, 20-27.
  • Knight, R. G., Williams, S., McGee, R., & Olaman, S. (1997). Psychometric properties of the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) in a sample of women in middle life. Behaviour research and therapy, 35(4), 373-380.
  • Lewinsohn, P. M., Seeley, J. R., Roberts, R. E., & Allen, N. B. (1997). Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) as a screening instrument for depression among community-residing older adults. Psychology and Aging, 12, 277-287. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.12.2.277
  • Manson, S.M., Ackerson, L.M., Dick, R.W., Baron, A.E., and Fleming, C.M. (1990). Depressive symptoms among American Indian adolescents: Psychometric characteristics of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Psychological Assessment, 2(3), 231-237.
  • Miech, R. A., & Shanahan, M. J. (2000). Socioeconomic status and depression over the life course. Journal of health and social behavior, 41(2), 162-176.
  • Miller, T.Q., Markides, K.S., & Black, S.A. (1997). The factor structure of the CES-D in two surveys of elderly Mexican Americans. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences, 52B(5), S259 – S269.
  • Montgomery, S. A., & Åsberg, M. A. R. I. E. (1979). A new depression scale designed to be sensitive to change. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 134(4), 382-389.
  • Radloff, L.S. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), 385-401.
  • Roberts. R.E. (1980). Reliability of the CES-D scale in different contexts. Psychiatry Research, 2, 125-134.
  • Santor, D.A. & Coyne, J.C. (1997). Shortening the CES-D to improve its ability to detect cases of depression. Psychological Assessment, 9(3), 233-243.
  • Schnittker, J. (2008). Happiness and success: Genes, families, and the psychological effects of socioeconomic position and social support. American Journal of Sociology, 114(S1), S233-S259.
  • Schulz, A. J., Gravlee, C. C., Williams, D. R., Israel, B. A., Mentz, G., & Rowe, Z. (2006). Discrimination, symptoms of depression, and self-rated health among African American women in Detroit: results from a longitudinal analysis. American Journal of Public Health, 96(7), 1265-1270.
  • Shafer, A. B. (2006). Meta‐analysis of the factor structures of four depression questionnaires: Beck, CES‐D, Hamilton, and Zung. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62(1), 123-146.
  • Sommel, M., Given, B.A., Given, C.W., Kalaian, H.A., Schulz, R., & McCorkle, R. (1993). Gender bias in the measurement properties of the center for epidemiologic studies depression scale (CES-D). Psychiatry Research, 49(3), 239-250
  • Stroup-Benham, C. A., Lawrence, R. H., & Trevifio, F. M. (1992). CES-D factor structure among Mexican American and Puerto Rican women from single-and couple-headed households. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 14(3), 310-326.
  • Williams, C.D., Taylor, T.R., Makambi, K., Harrell, J., Palmer, J.R., Rosenberg, L., & Adams-
  • Yesavage, J. A., Brink, T. L., Rose, T. L., Lum, O., Huang, V., Adey, M., & Leirer, V. O. (1982). Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: a preliminary report. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 17(1), 37-49.
  • Ying, Y. W. (1988). Depressive symptomatology among Chinese‐Americans as measured by the CES‐D. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 44(5), 739-746.

Factor structure of the CES-D in an impoverished African American sample

Year 2019, Volume: 6 Issue: 4, 592 - 601, 05.01.2020
https://doi.org/10.21449/ijate.554755

Abstract

The Center of Epidemiological Studies Depression scale (CES-D) has been used for decades to identify symptomatology of depression in individuals. Overtime, the factor structure of the scale has been both confirmed and challenged when applied to different population samples. The present study explores the factor structure in population sample consisting of impoverished African American parents (N=1,020), and the data were collected from the Mobile Youth Study (MYS). Two-, four-, and higher-order models were used to identify the best fitting model. The results indicate that the most parsimonious model is a two-factor structure.

References

  • Beck, A. T., Ward, C. H., Mendelson, M., Mock, J., & Erbaugh, J. (1961). An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 4(6), 561-571.
  • Brown, T. N., Williams, D. R., Jackson, J. S., Neighbors, H. W., Torres, M., Sellers, S. L., & Brown, K. T. (2000). “Being black and feeling blue”: The mental health consequences of racial discrimination. Race and Society, 2(2), 117-131.
  • Campbell, L.L. (2007). CES-D four-factor structure is confirmed, but not invariant, in a large cohort of African American women. Psychiatry Research, 150(2), 173-180.
  • Cosco, T. D., Prina, M., Stubbs, B., & Wu, Y. T. (2017). Reliability and validity of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale in a population-based cohort of middle-aged US adults. Journal of Nursing Measurement, 25(3), 476-485.
  • Clark., V.A., Aneshensel, C.S., Freriches, R.R., & Morgan., T.M. (1981). Analysis of effects of sex and age in response to items on the CES-D scale. Psychiatry Research, 5(2), 171-181.
  • Cutrona, C. E., Russell, D. W., Brown, P. A., Clark, L. A., Hessling, R. M., & Gardner, K. A. (2005). Neighborhood context, personality, and stressful life events as predictors of depression among African American women. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 114(1), 3.
  • Edman, J. L., Danko, G. P., Andrade, N., McArdle, J. J., Foster, J., & Glipa, J. (1999). Factor structure of the CES-D (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale) among Filipino-American adolescents. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 34(4), 211-215.
  • Hamilton, M. (1960). A rating scale for depression. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 23(1), 56.
  • Hertzog, C., Alstine, J.V., Usala, P.D., Hultsch, D.F., & Dixon, R. 1990. Measurement Properties of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) in Older Populations. Psychological Assessment: A Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 2(1), 64-72.
  • Husaini, B.A., Neff, J.A., Harrington, J.B., Hughes, M.D., & Stone, R.H. (1980). Depression in rural communities: Validating the CES-D scale. Journal of Community Psychology, 8, 20-27.
  • Knight, R. G., Williams, S., McGee, R., & Olaman, S. (1997). Psychometric properties of the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) in a sample of women in middle life. Behaviour research and therapy, 35(4), 373-380.
  • Lewinsohn, P. M., Seeley, J. R., Roberts, R. E., & Allen, N. B. (1997). Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) as a screening instrument for depression among community-residing older adults. Psychology and Aging, 12, 277-287. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.12.2.277
  • Manson, S.M., Ackerson, L.M., Dick, R.W., Baron, A.E., and Fleming, C.M. (1990). Depressive symptoms among American Indian adolescents: Psychometric characteristics of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Psychological Assessment, 2(3), 231-237.
  • Miech, R. A., & Shanahan, M. J. (2000). Socioeconomic status and depression over the life course. Journal of health and social behavior, 41(2), 162-176.
  • Miller, T.Q., Markides, K.S., & Black, S.A. (1997). The factor structure of the CES-D in two surveys of elderly Mexican Americans. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences, 52B(5), S259 – S269.
  • Montgomery, S. A., & Åsberg, M. A. R. I. E. (1979). A new depression scale designed to be sensitive to change. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 134(4), 382-389.
  • Radloff, L.S. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), 385-401.
  • Roberts. R.E. (1980). Reliability of the CES-D scale in different contexts. Psychiatry Research, 2, 125-134.
  • Santor, D.A. & Coyne, J.C. (1997). Shortening the CES-D to improve its ability to detect cases of depression. Psychological Assessment, 9(3), 233-243.
  • Schnittker, J. (2008). Happiness and success: Genes, families, and the psychological effects of socioeconomic position and social support. American Journal of Sociology, 114(S1), S233-S259.
  • Schulz, A. J., Gravlee, C. C., Williams, D. R., Israel, B. A., Mentz, G., & Rowe, Z. (2006). Discrimination, symptoms of depression, and self-rated health among African American women in Detroit: results from a longitudinal analysis. American Journal of Public Health, 96(7), 1265-1270.
  • Shafer, A. B. (2006). Meta‐analysis of the factor structures of four depression questionnaires: Beck, CES‐D, Hamilton, and Zung. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62(1), 123-146.
  • Sommel, M., Given, B.A., Given, C.W., Kalaian, H.A., Schulz, R., & McCorkle, R. (1993). Gender bias in the measurement properties of the center for epidemiologic studies depression scale (CES-D). Psychiatry Research, 49(3), 239-250
  • Stroup-Benham, C. A., Lawrence, R. H., & Trevifio, F. M. (1992). CES-D factor structure among Mexican American and Puerto Rican women from single-and couple-headed households. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 14(3), 310-326.
  • Williams, C.D., Taylor, T.R., Makambi, K., Harrell, J., Palmer, J.R., Rosenberg, L., & Adams-
  • Yesavage, J. A., Brink, T. L., Rose, T. L., Lum, O., Huang, V., Adey, M., & Leirer, V. O. (1982). Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: a preliminary report. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 17(1), 37-49.
  • Ying, Y. W. (1988). Depressive symptomatology among Chinese‐Americans as measured by the CES‐D. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 44(5), 739-746.
There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Studies on Education
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Mitchell Porter 0000-0001-8589-4880

Youn-jeng Choi This is me 0000-0001-9803-2681

Sara Tomek This is me 0000-0003-0705-3087

Publication Date January 5, 2020
Submission Date April 17, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 6 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Porter, M., Choi, Y.-j., & Tomek, S. (2020). Factor structure of the CES-D in an impoverished African American sample. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education, 6(4), 592-601. https://doi.org/10.21449/ijate.554755

23824         23823             23825