Physical and Physiological Properties and Mineral Content of Curly Lettuce Grown by Applying Different Rates of Biochar to the Soil with Varying Irrigation Water Levels

Abstract

The crisis experienced from the water supply causes food production to be adversely affected in the agriculture sector, which is the biggest consumer of water. The deficit irrigation strategy ensures the continuity of food production as well as using water effectively. However, since the plant grown in this strategy is exposed to abiotic stress, it experiences significant yield and quality losses. For this reason, it is necessary to develop approaches to improve yield and quality losses of the plant grown with deficit irrigation. In this study, the physical and physiological properties and mineral content of curly lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. Crispa) grown by applying different rates of biochar to the soil (0%, 1%, 2%, 3%) with varying irrigation water levels (100%, 67%, 33%) researched. The study determined that decreasing irrigation water level decreased plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, root wet and dry weights, plant weight, chlorophyll and leaf relative water contents, stomatal conductivity and N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn contents of curly lettuce, while increasing the membrane damage index, but the physical and physiological properties and mineral content affecting the yield and quality of curly lettuce improved with increasing biochar rates. In the study, as a result of the emergence of the highest stress factor in irrigation at 33% level, it was observed that physical and physiological properties and mineral content of curly lettuce were affected at the highest level, and the dose of biochar, which managed the stress most effectively, was 3%. As a result, considering that biochar has an important potential to improve yield and quality losses of curly lettuce grown under deficit irrigation conditions, the use of biochar in the deficit irrigation regime were found to be recommendable.

Keywords

• Biochar
• curly lettuce
• deficit irrigation
• irrigation water level
• mineral content

Değişen Sulama Suyu Seviyeleriyle Toprağa Farklı Oranlarda Biyoçar Uygulanarak Yetiştirilen Kıvırcık Marulun Fiziksel ve Fizyolojik Özellikleri ile Mineral Madde İçeriği

Öz

Su arzından yaşanan kriz suyun en büyük tüketicisi olan tarım sektöründe gıda üretiminin olumsuz etkilenmesine neden olmaktadır. Kısıntılı sulama stratejisi suyu etkin kullanmanın yanı sıra gıda üretiminin sürekliliğini de sağlamaktadır. Ancak bu stratejide yetişen bitki abiyotik strese maruz kaldığı için önemli verim ve kalite kayıpları yaşamaktadır. Bu nedenle kısıntılı sulamayla yetiştirilen bitkinin verim ve kalite kayıplarını iyileştirmeye yönelik yaklaşımların geliştirilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada değişen sulama suyu seviyeleriyle (% 100, % 67 ve % 33) toprağa farklı oranlarda biyoçar uygulanarak (% 0, % 1, % 2 ve % 3) kıvırcık marulun (Lactuca sativa L. var. Crispa) fiziksel ve fizyolojik özellikleri ile mineral madde içeriği araştırılmıştır. Çalışma azalan sulama suyu seviyesinin kıvırcık marulun bitki boyunu, gövde çapını, yaprak sayısını, kök yaş ve kuru ağırlıklarını ve bitki ağırlığını, klorofil ve yaprak bağıl su içeriklerini, stoma iletkenliğini ve N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Cu, Mn ve Zn içeriklerini azaltırken membran zararlanma indeksini artırdığını ancak kıvırcık marulun verim ve kalitesini etkileyen fiziksel ve fizyolojik özellikleri ile mineral madde içeriğinin artan biyoçar oranlarıyla gelişim gösterdiğini belirlemiştir. Çalışmada % 33 seviyesinde sulamada en yüksek stres faktörünün ortaya çıkması sonucunda kıvırcık marulun fiziksel ve fizyolojik özellikleri ile mineral madde içeriğinin en yüksek seviyede etkilendiği ve stresi en etkili yöneten biyoçar dozunun ise % 3 oranında gerçekleştiği görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak kısıntılı sulama koşullarında yetiştirilen kıvırcık marulun verim ve kalite kayıplarını iyileştirmeye yönelik biyoçarın önemli bir potansiyelinin olduğu dikkate alınarak kısıntılı sulama rejiminde biyoçarın kullanımı önerilebilir olarak bulunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biyoçar
• kıvırcık marul
• kısıntılı sulama
• sulama suyu seviyesi
• mineral madde içeriği

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