Siyah Alaca ve Simental Sığırların Sağım Özelliklerine İlişkin Fenotipik ve Genetik Parametre Tahminleri

Öz

Bu çalışma da Kahramanmaraş ilinde yetiştirilen Siyah Alaca ve Simental sığırların süt akış hızı, sağım süresi ve süt verimine ilişkin fenotipik ve genetik parametre tahminleri elde edilmiştir. Araştırmada 150 baş Siyah Alaca ve 40 baş Simental ineğin süt verim kayıtları kullanılmıştır. Süt akış hızı, sağım süresi ve süt verimine ilişkin genel ortalamalar Siyah Alaca ırkında; 1.370.004 kg dak-1, 16.700.017 dak ve 21.320.026 kg, Simental ırkında ise 1.0470.007 kg dak-1, 17.740.034 dak ve 16.820.049 kg olarak hesaplanmıştır. Mevsim etkisi her iki ırkta da tüm özellikler için önemli (P0.0001) bulunmuştur. Sağım zamanı etkisi ise Siyah Alaca ırkında günlük süt verimi ve süt akış hızı, Simental ırkında ise günlük süt verimi ve sağım süresi için önemli (P0.0001) bulunmuştur. Süt akış hızı, sağım süresi ve süt verimine ilişkin kalıtım dereceleri Siyah Alaca ırkında; 0.110.015, 0.320.03 ve 0.130.02, Simental ırkında ise 1.0470.007 kg dak-1, 17.740.034 dak ve 16.820.049 kg olarak hesaplanmıştır. Her iki ırkta da sağım özellikleri arasındaki genetik korelasyonlar orta-yüksek bulunmuştur. Bu çalışmada ele alınan özelliklerin kalıtsal olduğu ve seleksiyonla geliştirilebileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Süt akış hızı
• sağım süresi
• sağılabilirlik
• siyah alaca
• simental

Estimates of Genetic and Phenotypic Parameters of Milkability Traits in Holstein Friesian and Simmental Cows

Abstract

In this study was performed to determine the effect of non-genetic factors on milkability characteristics and to estimate phenotypic and genetic parameters and relationships among Milk Flow Rate(MFR), Milking Duration(MD) and Test Day Milk Yields (TD) of Holstein Friesian and Simmental cows reared in Kahramanmaraş. The data used in this study consisted of 150 Holstein Friesian and 40 Simmental cows. Overall means for MFR, MD and TD were 1.370.004 kg min-1, 16.700.017 min and 21.320.026 kg for Holstein Cows, 1.0470.007 kg min-1, 17.740.034 min and 16.820.049 kg for Simmental cows. Milking season effected on all traits for both breeds. Milking duration effected on MFR and TD for Holstein breeds, while effected on TD and MD for Simmental breeds. Genetic correlations between milkability traits are moderate-high for both breeds. It was concluded that the milkability traits evaluated in this study are hereditary and can be improved by selection.

Keywords

• Milk Flow Rate
• milking time
• milkability
• holstein
• simmental

References

1. Aydın, R., Yanar, M., Güler, O., Yüksel, S., Uğur, F., & Turgut, L. (2008). Study on milkability traits in Brown Swiss cows reared eastern region of Turkey. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 7(10), 1218-1222.
2. Bobić, T., Mijić, P., Gregić, M., & Gantner, V. (2018). The differences in milkability, milk, and health traits in dairy cattle due to parity. Mljekarstvo/Dairy, 68(1), 57-63. https://doi.org10.15567/mljekarstvo.2018.0107
3. Boettcher, P.J., Dekkers, J.C.M., & Kolstad, B.W. (1998). Development of an udder health index for sire selection based on somatic cell score, udder conformation and milking speed. Journal of Dairy Science, 81(4), 1157–1168. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(98)75678-4
4. Boldman, K. G., Kriese, L. A., Van Vleck, L. D., Van Tassell, C. P., & Kachman, S. D. (1993). A Manual for Use of MTDFREML. A Set of Programs To Obtain Estimates of Variances and Covariances [DRAFT]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service
5. Carlström, C., Pettersson, G., Johansson, K.,Strandberg, E., Stalhammar, H., & Philipsson, J (2013). Feasibility of using automatic milking system data from commercial herds for genetic analysis of milkability. Journal of Dairy Science, 96(8), 5324–5332. https://doi .org/10.3168/jds.2012-6221
6. Cesarani, A., Garcia, A., Hidalgo, J., Degano, L., Vicario, D., Macciotta, N. P. P., & Lourenco, D. (2021). Genomic information allows for more accurate breeding values for milkability in dual-purpose Italian Simmental cattle. Journal of Dairy Science, 104(5), 5719-5727. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2020-19838
7. Edwards, J. P., Jago, J. G., & Lopez-Villalobost, N. (2014). Analysis of milking characteristics in New Zealand dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 97 (1), 259-269. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2013-7051
8. Erdem, H., Atasever, S., & Kul, E. (2010). Relationships of milkability traits to udder characteristics, milk yield and somatic cell count in Jersey cows. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 37(1), 43–47. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 09712119. 2010.9707091

9. Gäde, S., Stamer, E., Junge, W. & Kalm, E. (2006). Estimates of genetic parameters for milkability from automatic milking. Livestock Science, 104 (1), 135-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2006.04.003
10. Gäde, S., Stamer, E., Bennewitz, J., Junge, W., & Kalm, E. (2007). Genetic parameters for serial, automatically recorded milkability and its relationship to udder health in dairy cattle. Animal, 1(6), 787-796. https://doi.org 10.1017/ S1751731107000092
11. Gray, K. A., Vacirca, F., Bagnato, A., Samoré, A. B., Rossoni, A. & Maltecca, C. (2011). Genetic evaluations for measures of the milk-flow curve in the Italian Brown Swiss population. Journal of Dairy Science, 94(2), 960-970. https://doi.org/ 10.3168/jds.2009-2759
12. Gray, K. A., Maltecca, C., Bagnato, A., Dolezal, M., RossonI, A., Samoré, A. B., & Cassady, J. P. (2012). Estimates of marker effects for measures of milk flow in the Italian brown Swiss dairy cattle population. BMC Veterinary Research, 2(8), 199-211 http://www. biomedcentral.com/1746-6148/8/199. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-6148-8-199
13. Groen, A. F., Steine, T., Colleau, J. J., Pedersen, J., Pribyl, J., & Reinsch, N. (1997). Economic values in dairy cattle breeding, with special reference to functional traits. Report of an EAAP – Working Group. Livestock Production Science, 49(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-6226(97)00041-9.
14. Güler, O., Yanar, M., Aydın, R., Bayram, B., Doğru, Ü., & Kopuzlu, S. (2009). Genetic and environmental parameters of milkability traits in Holstein Friesian cows. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 8(1), 143-147, https://medwelljournals.com/abstract/?doi=javaa.2009.143.147.
15. Heringstad, B., & Kjøren Bugten, H. (2014, 19-23 May). Genetic evaluations based on data from automatic milking systems. [Paper presentation]. In: 39th ICAR Session.
16. Jarshaji, Ö. H. Q., & Zülkadir, U. (2019). Konya İlinde Özel Bir İşletmede Yetiştirilen Siyah Alaca Sığırların Bazı Süt Verim Özelliklerine Ait Fenotipik Parametre Tahminleri. KSÜ Tarım ve Doğa Derg 22(Ek Sayı 1), 162-168. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.v22i49073.561738
17. Khimicheva, S., Moshkina, S., Kharitonova, A., & Abramkova, N. (2021). Physiological justification for obtaining high productivity of dairy cattle. InBIO Web of Conferences, 32, 04007. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/ 20213204007
18. Kıyıcı, J. M., Koçyiğit, R., & Tüzemen, N. (2013). Klasik Müziğin Siyah Alaca Sığırlarda Süt Verimi, Süt Bileşenleri ve Sağım Özelliklerine Etkisi. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 10(3), 74-81.
19. Kuran, M., & Şekerden, Ö. (1992). Jersey sığırlarında makina ile sağım şartlarında süt verimi ile süt akış hızı ve sağım süresi arasındaki ilişkiler. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(1), 41-49.
20. Laureano, M. M. M., Bignardi, A.B., El Faro, L., Cardoso, V.L. Tonhati, H., & Albuquerque, L. G., (2014). Random regression models using different functions to model milk flow in dairy cows. Genetics and Molecular Research, 13 (3), 7528-7541. http://dx.doi.org/10.4238/2014.September.12.20
21. Lee, D. H., & Choudhary, V. (2006). Study on milkability traits in Holstein cows. Asian Australian Journal of Animal Science, 19(3), 309-314.
22. Luttinen, A., &Juga, J. (1997). Genetic relationships between milk yield, somatic cell count, mastitis, milkability and leakage in Finnish dairy cattle populations. Interbull Bulletin 15(1), 78–83.
23. Metin, J., & Tüzemen, N. (2011, 14-16 Eylül). Klasik batı müziği Dinletilen Esmer sığırların süt verimi, süt bileşenleri ve sağım özellikleri. 7. Ulusal Zootekni Bilim Kongresi, 14-16 Eylül, Adana.
24. Mijic, P., Knezevic, I., Baban, M., Domacinovic, M., & Rimac, D. (2003). Investigation of correlations and milking parameter distribution on cattle farms in eastern Croatia. Acta Agronomica Hungarica, 51(2), 191-198. https://doi.org/10.1556/AAgr.51.2003.2.7
25. Mijić, P., Knezevic, I., Matkovic, M., Baban, M., & Ivkic, Z. (2007). The milkability and somatic cell counts of milk cows in various systems of keeping and milking. Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry, 23(5-6), 209-216. https://doi.org/10.2298/BAH0701209M
26. Orhan, H., Efe, E., & Şahin, M. (2004). SAS Yazılımı ile İstatistiksel Analizler. Tuğra Ofset. Isparta.
27. Pedrosa, V. B., Boerman, J. P., Gloria, L. S., Chen, S. Y., Montes, M. E., Doucette, J. S., & Brito, L. F. (2023). Genomic-based genetic parameters for milkability traits derived from automatic milking systems in North American Holstein cattle. Journal of Dairy Science, 106(4), 2613-2629. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2022-22515
28. Pretto, D., Tanavots, A., Kiiman, A. H., Parna, E., Viinalass, H & Kaart, T. (2014). Genetic parameters of average milk flow recorded electronically from milking parlours and automatic milking systems in Estonian Holstein dairy cows. Page 616 in Proc. 10thWorld Congress of Genetics Applied to Livestock Production, Vancouver, BC, Canada. WCGALP Digital Archive, http://www.wcgalp .org/
29. Rupp, R., & Boichard, D. (1999). Genetic parameters for clinical mastitis, somatic cell score, production, udder type traits and milking ease in first lactation cows. Journal of Dairy Science 82(10), 2198–2204. https://doi.org/ 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(99)75465-2
30. Samoré, A. B., Román-Ponce, S. I., Vacirca, F., Frigo, E., Canavesi, F., Bagnato, A., & Maltecca, C. (2011). Bimodality and the genetics of milk flow traits in the Italian Holstein-Friesian breed. Journal of Dairy Science, 94(8), 4081-4089. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2010-3611
31. Sandrucci, A., Tamburini, A., Bava, L., & Zucali, M. (2007). Factors affecting milk flow traits in dairy cows: results of a field study. Journal of Dairy Science, 90(3), 1159-1167. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(07)71602-8
32. Santus, E., & Bagnato, A. (1998). Genetic parameters estimation for milkability traits recorded with flowmeters in Italian Brown Swiss. Proceedings of the Sixth World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production, Australia 25, 19–22.
33. SAS (1999). SAS Institute Inc., SAS OnlineDoc®, Version 8, Cary, NC, USA.
34. Schneeberger, M., & Hagger, C. (1985). Sire evaluation for milkability traits in Swiss Braunvieh. Livestock Production Science, 13(3), 219-227. https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-6226(85)90002-8
35. Strapák, P., Antalík, P., & Szencziova, I. (2011). Milkability evaluation of Holstein dairy cows by Lactocorder. Journal of Agrobiology, 28(2), 139-146. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10146-011-0015-6
36. Tančin, V., Ipema, B., Hogewerf, P., & Mačuhová, J. (2006). Sources of variation in milk flow characteristics at udder and quarter levels. Journal of Dairy Science, 89(3), 978-988. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(06)72163-4
37. Tshilate, T. S., Bhebhe, E., Dube, B., Rhode, C., Mapholi, N. O., Matika, O., & Banga, C. B. (2021). Genetic parameter estimates for milkability traits and their relationship with somatic cell score in South African Holstein cattle. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 53(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-020-02483-4
38. Vicario, D., Degano, L., & Carnier, P. (2006). Genetic evaluation for milkability using subjective and measured observations in Italian dual purpose Simmental cows. Interbull Bull. 35(1), 53–57.
39. Vosman, J. J., de Jong, G., & Eding, H. (2014). Breeding of Cows Suitable for an Automatic Milking System, Interbull Bulletin, 48(1), 32-36.
40. Vrhel, M., Ducháček, J., Gašparík, M., Vacek, M., Codl, R., & Pytlík, J. (2021). Milkability differences based on lactation peak and parity in Holstein cattle. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences, 30(3), 206-213. https://doi.org/10.22358/ jafs/142125/2021
41. Zgurova, A., & Nikolov, V. (2022). Study on the milkability of cows of the Bulgarian Rhodope cattle breed. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 28 (Suppl 1), 31-37.
42. Zucali, M., Bava, L, Sandrucci A., Tamburini A., Piccinini R., Valentina Dapra V., Tonni M., & Zecconi A. (2009). Milk flow pattern, somatic cell count and teat apex score in primiparous dairy cows at the beginning of lactation. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 8(1), 103-111. https://doi.org/10.4081/ijas.2009.103
43. Zwald, N. R., Weigel, K. A., Chang, Y. M., Welper, R. D., & Clay, J. S. (2005). Genetic evaluation of dairy sires for milking duration using electronically recorded milking times of their daughters. Journal of Dairy Science, 88(3), 1192–1198. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(05)72785-5