Hakkâri İlinde Tarla Sarmaşığı (Convolvulus arvensis L.) Üzerinde Tespit Edilen Doğal Ajanlar ve Dağılımları

Öz

Artan çevresel ve insan kaynaklı baskılara yanıt olarak, entegre ve sürdürülebilir yabancı ot kontrol stratejilerinde biyolojik yaklaşımların benimsenmesi, önemli bir eğilim haline gelmiştir. Türkiye dâhil, Avrupa’nın en önemli tarımsal yabancı otlarından biri olan tarla sarmaşığı (Convolvulus arvensis L.) için biyolojik mücadelede etkili olabilecek doğal ajanların (böcek ve patojen) araştırılması, gelecekte daha sürdürülebilir ve umut verici yaklaşımların ortaya çıkmasını öngörmektedir. Bu amaçla, biyoçeşitlilik açısından eşsiz bir coğrafyaya sahip Hakkâri ve ilçelerinde, tarla sarmaşığı üzerinde beslenen doğal ajanların belirlenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Çalışma alanında 2022 ve 2023 yıllarında farklı dönemlerde yapılan sürvey çalışmaları sonucunda, tarla sarmaşığın çiçek, yaprak, gövde ve tohumları üzerinde beslenen 3’ü böcek, 6’sı patojen olmak üzere toplam 9 biyolojik ajan tespit edilmiştir. Bu türler arasında tarla sarmaşığının biyolojik mücadelesinde en umut verici türler; Alcidodes karelinii (Boheman, 1844) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Hypocassida subferruginea Schrank, 1776 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Erysiphe convolvuli DC. ve Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl. olarak belirlenmiştir. Doğal ajanların bölgedeki dağılımlarına göre A. alternata ve E. convolvuli en yaygın türler olarak tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, tarla sarmaşığının biyolojik mücadelesinde potansiyeli yüksek olan monofag veya uygun polifag türlerin tespiti, gelecekte tarla sarmaşığın biyolojik kontrolüne yönelik çalışmalara ışık tutacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Convolvulus arvensis L.
• Biyolojik mücadele
• Böcekler
• Funguslar
• Hakkari/Türkiye

Natural Agents Detected on Field Bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) in Hakkâri Province and Their Distribution

Abstract

In response to increasing environmental and anthropogenic pressures, adopting integrated and sustainable weed control strategies, including biological approaches, has become an important trend. For field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.), one of the most significant agricultural weeds in Europe, including Türkiye, the investigation of natural agents (insects and pathogens) that could be effective in biological control is anticipated to lead to more sustainable approaches in the future. For this purpose, the aim was to identify the natural agents from field bindweed in Hakkâri and its districts, a region with unique biodiversity. As a result of surveys conducted at different times during 2022 and 2023, 9 natural agents, including 3 insect and 6 pathogens, were identified feeding on the flowers, leaves, stems, and seeds of field bindweed. Among these species, the most promising for the biological control of field bindweed were identified as Alcidodes karelinii (Boheman, 1844) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Hypocassida subferruginea Schrank, 1776 (Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae), Erysiphe convolvuli DC. and Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl. Based on the distribution of natural agents in the region, A. alternata and E. convolvuli were found to be the most widespread species. In conclusion, the identification of potential monophagous or suitable polyphagous species for the biological control of field bindweed will shed light on future studies aimed at the biological control of field bindweed.

Keywords

• Convolvulus arvensis L.
• Biological control
• Insects
• Fungi
• Hakkâri/Türkiye

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