Effects of Azadirachtin and Spinosad on the Survival and Virulence of Some Local Entomopathogenic Nematodes Isolates

Abstract

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) are often used in combination with biopesticides in biologics control applications. Determination of the toxic effects of biopesticides on EPNs is crucial for achieving the desired results from these applications. The effects of commonly used biopesticides [Nimiks (40 g L^-1 Azadirachtin) and Laser (Spinosad 480 g L^-1)] on the survival and virulence of some local EPN species (Steinernema feltiae E-76, S. littorale MGZ-4-S, Heterorhabditis indica 216-H) were investigated on the last larval instar of Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae in 24 and 48 hours periods in laboratory conditions (25^oC±2, R.H.  %65±5). Of the EPN species directly exposed to the highest recommended doses of Spinosad and Azadirachtin, the most tolerant species was H. indica 216-H with the survival rate of 94% during the first 24 hours. Steinernema littorale MGZ-4-S was the most susceptible species to Azadirachtine with the mortality rate of 11% and 12% respectively in 24 and 48 hours periods. Mortality rates of the tested EPN species on the G. mellonella larvae ranged from 80% to 100%. The obtained results revealed that the EPN species tested are compatible with Spinosad and Azadirachtin under laboratory conditions.

Keywords

• Biopesticide,Azadirachtin,Spinosad,Entomopathogenic,Nematode

Azadirachtin ve Spinosadın Bazı Yerel Entomoapatojen Nematod İzolatlarının Canlılığı ve Virülensliği Üzerine Etkileri

Öz

Entomopatojen nematodlar (EPN), biyoloijk mücadele uygulamaları içerisinde çoğu zaman biyopestisitlerle birlikte kullanılmaktadır. Biyopestisitlerin EPN’lar üzerindeki toksik etkilerinin belirlenmesi, bu uygulamalardan istenilen başarının elde edilebilmesi için oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışmada yaygın bir şekilde kullanılan Nimiks (40 g L^-1 Azadirachtin) ve Laser (Spinosad 480 g L^-1) biyopestisitlerinin bazı yerel EPN türlerinin (Steinernema feltiae E-76, Heterorhabditis indica 216-H, S. littorale MGZ-4-S) hayatta kalma ve virülensliği üzerindeki etkileri 24 ve 48 saatlik periyotlarda son dönem Galleria mellonella larvaları üzerinde laboratuvar koşullarında (25^oC±2, R.H. %65±5) araştırılmıştır. Spinosad ve Azadirachtinin tavsiye edilen en yüksek uygulama dozlarına doğrudan maruz kalan EPN türleri içerisinde ilk 24 saatlik periyotta en tolerant türün %94 canlılık oranıyla H. indica 216-H olduğu belirlenmiştir. Steinernema littorale MGZ-4-S izolatının Azadirachtine 24 ve 48 saat periyotlarda sırasıyla %11 ve %12 ölüm oranlarıyla en çok duyarlılık gösteren tür olmuştur. Test edilen EPN türlerinin son dönem G. mellonella larvaları üzerinde meydana getirdikleri ölüm oranları %80 ile %100 arasında değişmiştir. Elde edilen veriler, test edilen EPN türlerinin Spinosad ve Azadirachtin ile laboratuvar şartlarında uyumlu olduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biyopestisit,Azadirachtin,Spinosad,Entomopatojen,Nematod

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