Doğal Florada Çimlenmiş Sekiz Farklı Salep Orkidesi Türünün İlk Yıl Gelişimlerinin Tanımlanması

Öz

Yumrulu (terrestrial) orkideler, doğaya sayılamayacak kadar çok tohum bırakırlar. Orkide tohumlarında besi doku yoktur ve normal şartlarda çimlenmezler. Bu nedenle üretilemeyen türler arasındadır ve dünya genelinde koruma altına alınmıştır. Sadece mikorizalar ile simbiyotik ilişki kurabilen tohumlar çimlenebilirler. Çimlenen tohumların ise çiçek açması, tohum üretmesi uzun yıllar almaktadır. Bu çalışmada bazı salep türlerinin doğal ortamlarında çimlenmiş tohumları tespit edilmiş ve materyal olarak kullanılmıştır. Çimlenme yılı olarak tanımlanan ilk gelişim yılında, ele alınan türlerde, ilk yıl gelişim performansları yaprak sayısı, yaprak eni-boyu, yaş yumru eni-boyu, yaş yumru ağırlığı ve yaş biyokütle ağırlığı ile belirlenmiştir. Beş cinse ait sekiz türün incelendiği bu çalışmada çimlenme yılında 1-3 minik yaprak oluşumu gözlenmiş, toplam biyokütleleri ise bir gramdan daha az olmuştur. Geliştirdikleri yumruların taze ağırlıkları, türlere göre 0.06-0.31 gram arasında tespit edilmiştir. Veriler değerlendirildiğinde salep orkidelerinin çimlenme yılında minyatür bitkicikler olarak ilk yıl gelişimlerini tamamladıkları anlaşılmaktadır. Salep orkidelerinde, sorunlu çimlenme döneminden sonra, büyüme ve gelişmenin de yavaş gerçekleştiği görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Büyüme
• çimlenme
• fide
• tohum
• yumru

Description of the First Year's Development of Eight Different Species of Salep Orchids Germinated in Natural Flora

Abstract

Tuberous (terrestrial) orchids leave too many seeds to nature. Orchid seeds do not have endosperm and cannot germinate under normal conditions. For this reason, they are among the species that cannot be produced and it is protected worldwide. Seeds that can form symbiotic relationships with mycorrhiza can only germinate. It takes many years for germinated seeds to inflorescence and produce seeds. In this study, germinated seeds of some salep species in the natural flora were used as material. In the first year of development defined as the germination year, the developmental performances of the species were determined by measuring the number of leaves, leaf width, leaf lenght, tuber width, tuber lenght, fresh tuber weight and fresh biomass weight. In this study, in which eight species belonging to five genera were examined, 1-3 small leaf formation was observed in the germination year, and total fresh biomass was less than one gram. The fresh weights of the tubers were determined between 0.06-0.31 grams according to the species. When the data are evaluated, it is understood that salep orchids have completed their first year development as miniature plants in the germination year. It was observed that growth and development were slow, after the problematic germination period, in salep orchids.

Keywords

• Germination
• growth
• seed
• seedling
• tuber

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