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Effects of Neuromuscular Exercise on Dynamic Balance, Vertical Jump and Trunk Endurance in Ice Hockey Players: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Year 2024, , 968 - 976, 25.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1482052

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the impact of a 12-week neuromuscular exercise program on balance, vertical jump, and core endurance parameters in female ice hockey players. Y balance test, vertical jump test and McGill test were used for evaluation of dynamic balance, vertical jump and trunk endurance, respectively. A 12-week training program was conducted on 50 female ice hockey players. The exercise group showed significant differences in anterior and posteromedial balance scores for both right and left (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference in posterolateral scores (p>0.05). The control group didn't show significant improvements in the vertical jump (p>0.05), while the neuromuscular exercise group demonstrated a statistically significant improvement (p<0.05). Trunk extension endurance improved significantly in the control group (p<0.05), but there were no significant differences in trunk flexion and lateral endurance (p>0.05). In contrast, the neuromuscular exercise group significantly improved all trunk endurance values (p<0.05). Neuromuscular exercise training applied to ice hockey players can improve the balance, vertical jump, and trunk endurance parameters. Therefore, the inclusion of neuromuscular exercise programs in the training programs of female ice hockey players can enhance their physical performance and may reduce the risk of injury.

Ethical Statement

The approval was taken from the Üsküdar University Non-Interventional Research Ethics Committee (reference number 61351342/February 2023-16).

References

  • Akbar, S., Soh, K. G., Jazaily Mohd Nasiruddin, N., Bashir, M., Cao, S., & Soh, K. L. (2022). Effects of neuromuscular training on athletes physical fitness in sports: A systematic review. Frontiers in Physiology, 13, 939042. [CrossRef]
  • Allard, P., Martinez, R., Deguire, S., & Tremblay, J. (2022). In-Season Session Training Load Relative to Match Load in Professional Ice Hockey. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 36(2), 486–492. [CrossRef]
  • Benis, R., Bonato, M., & La Torre, A. La. (2016). Elite Female Basketball Players’ Body-Weight Neuromuscular Training and Performance on the Y-Balance Test. Journal of Athletic Training, 51(9), 688–695. [CrossRef]
  • Bonato, M., Benis, R., & La Torre, A. (2018). Neuromuscular training reduces lower limb injuries in elite female basketball players. A cluster randomized controlled trial. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 28(4), 1451–1460. [CrossRef]
  • Chappell, J. D., & Limpisvasti, O. (2008). Effect of a neuromuscular training program on the kinetics and kinematics of jumping tasks. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 36(6), 1081–1086. [CrossRef]
  • Correia, G. A. F., Freitas-Júnior, C. G., Lira, H. A., Oliveira, S. F. M., Santos, W. R., Silva, C. K. de F. B. da, Silva, P. H. V., & Paes, P. P. (2020). O efeito do treinamento pliométrico no desempenho do salto vertical em atletas jovens de basquete. Journal of Physical Education, 31(1). [CrossRef]
  • Dæhlin, T. E., Haugen, O. C., Haugerud, S., Hollan, I., Raastad, T., & Rønnestad, B. R. (2017). Improvement of Ice Hockey Players’ On-Ice Sprint With Combined Plyometric and Strength Training. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 12(7), 893–900. [CrossRef]
  • Evans, K., Refshauge, K. M., & Adams, R. (2007). Trunk muscle endurance tests: reliability, and gender differences in athletes. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 10(6), 447–455. [CrossRef]
  • Farlinger, C. M., Kruisselbrink, L. D., & Fowles, J. R. (2007). Relationships to skating performance in competitive hockey players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 21(3), 915–922. [CrossRef]
  • Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A.-G. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods, 41(4), 1149–1160. [CrossRef]
  • Filipa, A., Byrnes, R., Paterno, M. V, Myer, G. D., & Hewett, T. E. (2010). Neuromuscular training improves performance on the star excursion balance test in young female athletes. The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy, 40(9), 551–558. [CrossRef]
  • Hedrick, A. (2002). Training for High-Performance Collegiate Ice Hockey. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 24(2), 42–52. [CrossRef]
  • Hewett, T. E., Myer, G. D., & Ford, K. R. (2005). Reducing knee and anterior cruciate ligament injuries among female athletes: a systematic review of neuromuscular training interventions. The Journal of Knee Surgery, 18(1), 82–88. [CrossRef]
  • Kim, E., Choi, H., Cha, J.-H., Park, J.-C., & Kim, T. (2017). Effects of Neuromuscular Training on the Rear-foot Angle Kinematics in Elite Women Field Hockey Players with Chronic Ankle Instability. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 16(1), 137–146. [CrossRef]
  • Kooroshfard, N., & Rahimi, Z. (2022). The Effect of the Neuromuscular, Strength, and Combined Training on Balance and Performance in Female Basketball Players. Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy, 12(1), 41–50. [CrossRef]
  • Maulder, P., & Cronin, J. (2005). Horizontal and vertical jump assessment: reliability, symmetry, discriminative and predictive ability. Physical Therapy in Sport, 6(2), 74–82. [CrossRef]
  • McGill, S. M., Childs, A., & Liebenson, C. (1999). Endurance times for low back stabilization exercises: clinical targets for testing and training from a normal database. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 80(8), 941–944. [CrossRef]
  • Mosenthal, W., Kim, M., Holzshu, R., Hanypsiak, B., & Athiviraham, A. (2017). Common Ice Hockey Injuries and Treatment: A Current Concepts Review. Current Sports Medicine Reports, 16(5), 357–362. [CrossRef]
  • Myer, G. D., Ford, K. R., Brent, J. L., & Hewett, T. E. (2006). The effects of plyometric vs. dynamic stabilization and balance training on power, balance, and landing force in female athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 20(2), 345–353. [CrossRef]
  • Myer, G. D., Ford, K. R., Palumbo, J. P., & Hewett, T. E. (2005). Neuromuscular training improves performance and lower-extremity biomechanics in female athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 19(1), 51–60. [CrossRef]
  • Pasanen, K., Parkkari, J., Pasanen, M., & Kannus, P. (2009). Effect of a neuromuscular warm-up programme on muscle power, balance, speed and agility: a randomised controlled study. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 43(13), 1073–1078. [CrossRef]
  • Plisky, P. J., Gorman, P. P., Butler, R. J., Kiesel, K. B., Underwood, F. B., & Elkins, B. (2009). The reliability of an instrumented device for measuring components of the star excursion balance test. North American Journal of Sports Physical Therapy : NAJSPT, 4(2), 92–99. [CrossRef]
  • Plisky, P. J., Rauh, M. J., Kaminski, T. W., & Underwood, F. B. (2006). Star Excursion Balance Test as a predictor of lower extremity injury in high school basketball players. The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy, 36(12), 911–919. [CrossRef]
  • Ransdell, L. B., & Murray, T. (2011). A physical profile of elite female ice hockey players from the USA. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 25(9), 2358–2363. [CrossRef]
  • Sargent, D. A. (1921). The Physical Test of a Man. American Physical Education Review, 26(4), 188–194. [CrossRef]
  • Sarıca, O. & Gencer, Y. G. (2024). The Effect of Resistance Band Exercises on The Speed, Agility, Balance and Strength Required for Hit Shooting in MountedJavelinAthletes. Int. J. Sports Eng. Biotech,2(1),27-34. [CrossRef]
  • Schick, D. M., & Meeuwisse, W. H. (2003). Injury rates and profiles in female ice hockey players. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 31(1), 47–52. [CrossRef]
  • Schwesig, R., Laudner, K. G., Delank, K.-S., Brill, R., & Schulze, S. (2021). Relationship between Ice Hockey-Specific Complex Test (IHCT) and Match Performance. Applied Sciences, 11(7), 3080. [CrossRef]
  • Shaffer, S. W., Teyhen, D. S., Lorenson, C. L., Warren, R. L., Koreerat, C. M., Straseske, C. A., & Childs, J. D. (2013). Y-balance test: a reliability study involving multiple raters. Military Medicine, 178(11), 1264–1270. [CrossRef]
  • Song, Y., Li, L., Hughes, G., & Dai, B. (2023). Trunk motion and anterior cruciate ligament injuries: a narrative review of injury videos and controlled jump-landing and cutting tasks. Sports Biomechanics, 22(1), 46–64. [CrossRef]
  • Taneja, K., Singla, D., Basista, R., & Choudhury, S. (2023). Effect of Exercise Training on Physical Fitness among Gymnastic Athletes: Systematic Review and Metanalysis. Medical Research Archives, 11(12). [CrossRef]
  • Tuominen, M., Stuart, M. J., Aubry, M., Kannus, P., Tokola, K., & Parkkari, J. (2016). Injuries in women’s international ice hockey: an 8-year study of the World Championship tournaments and Olympic Winter Games. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 50(22), 1406–1412. [CrossRef]
  • Uysal, H. Ş., Dalkiran, O., Korkmaz, S., Akyildiz, Z., Nobari, H., & Clemente, F. M. (2023). The Effect of Combined Strength Training on Vertical Jump Performance in Young Basketball Players: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 45(5), 554–567. [CrossRef]
  • Vitale, J. A., La Torre, A., Banfi, G., & Bonato, M. (2018). Effects of an 8-Week Body-Weight Neuromuscular Training on Dynamic Balance and Vertical Jump Performances in Elite Junior Skiing Athletes: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 32(4), 911–920. [CrossRef]
  • Wagner, H., Abplanalp, M., von Duvillard, S. P., Bell, J. W., Taube, W., & Keller, M. (2021). The Relationship between On-Ice and Off-Ice Performance in Elite Male Adolescent Ice Hockey Players—An Observation Study. Applied Sciences, 11(6), 2724. [CrossRef]
  • Williams, M. (2020). Physical Performance and the Relationship to Game Performance in Elite Adolescent Ice Hockey. IUSCA Journal, 1(1). [CrossRef]
  • Wolfinger, C. R., & Davenport, T. E. (2016). Physical therapy management of ice hockey athletes: from the rink to the clinic and back. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 11(3), 482–495. [CrossRef] Wörner, T., Kauppinen, S., & Eek, F. (2024). Injury patterns in Swedish elite female and male ice hockey - A cross-sectional comparison of past-season’s injuries. Physical Therapy in Sport : Official Journal of the Association of Chartered Physiotherapists in Sports Medicine, 65, 83–89. [CrossRef]
  • Zouhal, H., Abderrahman, A. B., Dupont, G., Truptin, P., Le Bris, R., Le Postec, E., Sghaeir, Z., Brughelli, M., Granacher, U., & Bideau, B. (2019). Effects of Neuromuscular Training on Agility Performance in Elite Soccer Players. Frontiers in Physiology, 10, 947. [CrossRef]
Year 2024, , 968 - 976, 25.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1482052

Abstract

References

  • Akbar, S., Soh, K. G., Jazaily Mohd Nasiruddin, N., Bashir, M., Cao, S., & Soh, K. L. (2022). Effects of neuromuscular training on athletes physical fitness in sports: A systematic review. Frontiers in Physiology, 13, 939042. [CrossRef]
  • Allard, P., Martinez, R., Deguire, S., & Tremblay, J. (2022). In-Season Session Training Load Relative to Match Load in Professional Ice Hockey. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 36(2), 486–492. [CrossRef]
  • Benis, R., Bonato, M., & La Torre, A. La. (2016). Elite Female Basketball Players’ Body-Weight Neuromuscular Training and Performance on the Y-Balance Test. Journal of Athletic Training, 51(9), 688–695. [CrossRef]
  • Bonato, M., Benis, R., & La Torre, A. (2018). Neuromuscular training reduces lower limb injuries in elite female basketball players. A cluster randomized controlled trial. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 28(4), 1451–1460. [CrossRef]
  • Chappell, J. D., & Limpisvasti, O. (2008). Effect of a neuromuscular training program on the kinetics and kinematics of jumping tasks. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 36(6), 1081–1086. [CrossRef]
  • Correia, G. A. F., Freitas-Júnior, C. G., Lira, H. A., Oliveira, S. F. M., Santos, W. R., Silva, C. K. de F. B. da, Silva, P. H. V., & Paes, P. P. (2020). O efeito do treinamento pliométrico no desempenho do salto vertical em atletas jovens de basquete. Journal of Physical Education, 31(1). [CrossRef]
  • Dæhlin, T. E., Haugen, O. C., Haugerud, S., Hollan, I., Raastad, T., & Rønnestad, B. R. (2017). Improvement of Ice Hockey Players’ On-Ice Sprint With Combined Plyometric and Strength Training. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 12(7), 893–900. [CrossRef]
  • Evans, K., Refshauge, K. M., & Adams, R. (2007). Trunk muscle endurance tests: reliability, and gender differences in athletes. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 10(6), 447–455. [CrossRef]
  • Farlinger, C. M., Kruisselbrink, L. D., & Fowles, J. R. (2007). Relationships to skating performance in competitive hockey players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 21(3), 915–922. [CrossRef]
  • Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A.-G. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods, 41(4), 1149–1160. [CrossRef]
  • Filipa, A., Byrnes, R., Paterno, M. V, Myer, G. D., & Hewett, T. E. (2010). Neuromuscular training improves performance on the star excursion balance test in young female athletes. The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy, 40(9), 551–558. [CrossRef]
  • Hedrick, A. (2002). Training for High-Performance Collegiate Ice Hockey. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 24(2), 42–52. [CrossRef]
  • Hewett, T. E., Myer, G. D., & Ford, K. R. (2005). Reducing knee and anterior cruciate ligament injuries among female athletes: a systematic review of neuromuscular training interventions. The Journal of Knee Surgery, 18(1), 82–88. [CrossRef]
  • Kim, E., Choi, H., Cha, J.-H., Park, J.-C., & Kim, T. (2017). Effects of Neuromuscular Training on the Rear-foot Angle Kinematics in Elite Women Field Hockey Players with Chronic Ankle Instability. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 16(1), 137–146. [CrossRef]
  • Kooroshfard, N., & Rahimi, Z. (2022). The Effect of the Neuromuscular, Strength, and Combined Training on Balance and Performance in Female Basketball Players. Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy, 12(1), 41–50. [CrossRef]
  • Maulder, P., & Cronin, J. (2005). Horizontal and vertical jump assessment: reliability, symmetry, discriminative and predictive ability. Physical Therapy in Sport, 6(2), 74–82. [CrossRef]
  • McGill, S. M., Childs, A., & Liebenson, C. (1999). Endurance times for low back stabilization exercises: clinical targets for testing and training from a normal database. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 80(8), 941–944. [CrossRef]
  • Mosenthal, W., Kim, M., Holzshu, R., Hanypsiak, B., & Athiviraham, A. (2017). Common Ice Hockey Injuries and Treatment: A Current Concepts Review. Current Sports Medicine Reports, 16(5), 357–362. [CrossRef]
  • Myer, G. D., Ford, K. R., Brent, J. L., & Hewett, T. E. (2006). The effects of plyometric vs. dynamic stabilization and balance training on power, balance, and landing force in female athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 20(2), 345–353. [CrossRef]
  • Myer, G. D., Ford, K. R., Palumbo, J. P., & Hewett, T. E. (2005). Neuromuscular training improves performance and lower-extremity biomechanics in female athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 19(1), 51–60. [CrossRef]
  • Pasanen, K., Parkkari, J., Pasanen, M., & Kannus, P. (2009). Effect of a neuromuscular warm-up programme on muscle power, balance, speed and agility: a randomised controlled study. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 43(13), 1073–1078. [CrossRef]
  • Plisky, P. J., Gorman, P. P., Butler, R. J., Kiesel, K. B., Underwood, F. B., & Elkins, B. (2009). The reliability of an instrumented device for measuring components of the star excursion balance test. North American Journal of Sports Physical Therapy : NAJSPT, 4(2), 92–99. [CrossRef]
  • Plisky, P. J., Rauh, M. J., Kaminski, T. W., & Underwood, F. B. (2006). Star Excursion Balance Test as a predictor of lower extremity injury in high school basketball players. The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy, 36(12), 911–919. [CrossRef]
  • Ransdell, L. B., & Murray, T. (2011). A physical profile of elite female ice hockey players from the USA. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 25(9), 2358–2363. [CrossRef]
  • Sargent, D. A. (1921). The Physical Test of a Man. American Physical Education Review, 26(4), 188–194. [CrossRef]
  • Sarıca, O. & Gencer, Y. G. (2024). The Effect of Resistance Band Exercises on The Speed, Agility, Balance and Strength Required for Hit Shooting in MountedJavelinAthletes. Int. J. Sports Eng. Biotech,2(1),27-34. [CrossRef]
  • Schick, D. M., & Meeuwisse, W. H. (2003). Injury rates and profiles in female ice hockey players. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 31(1), 47–52. [CrossRef]
  • Schwesig, R., Laudner, K. G., Delank, K.-S., Brill, R., & Schulze, S. (2021). Relationship between Ice Hockey-Specific Complex Test (IHCT) and Match Performance. Applied Sciences, 11(7), 3080. [CrossRef]
  • Shaffer, S. W., Teyhen, D. S., Lorenson, C. L., Warren, R. L., Koreerat, C. M., Straseske, C. A., & Childs, J. D. (2013). Y-balance test: a reliability study involving multiple raters. Military Medicine, 178(11), 1264–1270. [CrossRef]
  • Song, Y., Li, L., Hughes, G., & Dai, B. (2023). Trunk motion and anterior cruciate ligament injuries: a narrative review of injury videos and controlled jump-landing and cutting tasks. Sports Biomechanics, 22(1), 46–64. [CrossRef]
  • Taneja, K., Singla, D., Basista, R., & Choudhury, S. (2023). Effect of Exercise Training on Physical Fitness among Gymnastic Athletes: Systematic Review and Metanalysis. Medical Research Archives, 11(12). [CrossRef]
  • Tuominen, M., Stuart, M. J., Aubry, M., Kannus, P., Tokola, K., & Parkkari, J. (2016). Injuries in women’s international ice hockey: an 8-year study of the World Championship tournaments and Olympic Winter Games. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 50(22), 1406–1412. [CrossRef]
  • Uysal, H. Ş., Dalkiran, O., Korkmaz, S., Akyildiz, Z., Nobari, H., & Clemente, F. M. (2023). The Effect of Combined Strength Training on Vertical Jump Performance in Young Basketball Players: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 45(5), 554–567. [CrossRef]
  • Vitale, J. A., La Torre, A., Banfi, G., & Bonato, M. (2018). Effects of an 8-Week Body-Weight Neuromuscular Training on Dynamic Balance and Vertical Jump Performances in Elite Junior Skiing Athletes: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 32(4), 911–920. [CrossRef]
  • Wagner, H., Abplanalp, M., von Duvillard, S. P., Bell, J. W., Taube, W., & Keller, M. (2021). The Relationship between On-Ice and Off-Ice Performance in Elite Male Adolescent Ice Hockey Players—An Observation Study. Applied Sciences, 11(6), 2724. [CrossRef]
  • Williams, M. (2020). Physical Performance and the Relationship to Game Performance in Elite Adolescent Ice Hockey. IUSCA Journal, 1(1). [CrossRef]
  • Wolfinger, C. R., & Davenport, T. E. (2016). Physical therapy management of ice hockey athletes: from the rink to the clinic and back. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 11(3), 482–495. [CrossRef] Wörner, T., Kauppinen, S., & Eek, F. (2024). Injury patterns in Swedish elite female and male ice hockey - A cross-sectional comparison of past-season’s injuries. Physical Therapy in Sport : Official Journal of the Association of Chartered Physiotherapists in Sports Medicine, 65, 83–89. [CrossRef]
  • Zouhal, H., Abderrahman, A. B., Dupont, G., Truptin, P., Le Bris, R., Le Postec, E., Sghaeir, Z., Brughelli, M., Granacher, U., & Bideau, B. (2019). Effects of Neuromuscular Training on Agility Performance in Elite Soccer Players. Frontiers in Physiology, 10, 947. [CrossRef]
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Physiotherapy
Journal Section Original Article
Authors

Merve Kapanşahin 0000-0002-8866-413X

Ömer Şevgin 0000-0003-2145-5939

Ertuğrul Safran 0000-0002-6835-5428

Early Pub Date September 5, 2024
Publication Date September 25, 2024
Submission Date May 10, 2024
Acceptance Date August 21, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024

Cite

APA Kapanşahin, M., Şevgin, Ö., & Safran, E. (2024). Effects of Neuromuscular Exercise on Dynamic Balance, Vertical Jump and Trunk Endurance in Ice Hockey Players: A Randomized Controlled Trial. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences, 7(5), 968-976. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1482052
AMA Kapanşahin M, Şevgin Ö, Safran E. Effects of Neuromuscular Exercise on Dynamic Balance, Vertical Jump and Trunk Endurance in Ice Hockey Players: A Randomized Controlled Trial. International Journal of Disabilities Sports &Health Sciences. September 2024;7(5):968-976. doi:10.33438/ijdshs.1482052
Chicago Kapanşahin, Merve, Ömer Şevgin, and Ertuğrul Safran. “Effects of Neuromuscular Exercise on Dynamic Balance, Vertical Jump and Trunk Endurance in Ice Hockey Players: A Randomized Controlled Trial”. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences 7, no. 5 (September 2024): 968-76. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1482052.
EndNote Kapanşahin M, Şevgin Ö, Safran E (September 1, 2024) Effects of Neuromuscular Exercise on Dynamic Balance, Vertical Jump and Trunk Endurance in Ice Hockey Players: A Randomized Controlled Trial. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences 7 5 968–976.
IEEE M. Kapanşahin, Ö. Şevgin, and E. Safran, “Effects of Neuromuscular Exercise on Dynamic Balance, Vertical Jump and Trunk Endurance in Ice Hockey Players: A Randomized Controlled Trial”, International Journal of Disabilities Sports &Health Sciences, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 968–976, 2024, doi: 10.33438/ijdshs.1482052.
ISNAD Kapanşahin, Merve et al. “Effects of Neuromuscular Exercise on Dynamic Balance, Vertical Jump and Trunk Endurance in Ice Hockey Players: A Randomized Controlled Trial”. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences 7/5 (September 2024), 968-976. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1482052.
JAMA Kapanşahin M, Şevgin Ö, Safran E. Effects of Neuromuscular Exercise on Dynamic Balance, Vertical Jump and Trunk Endurance in Ice Hockey Players: A Randomized Controlled Trial. International Journal of Disabilities Sports &Health Sciences. 2024;7:968–976.
MLA Kapanşahin, Merve et al. “Effects of Neuromuscular Exercise on Dynamic Balance, Vertical Jump and Trunk Endurance in Ice Hockey Players: A Randomized Controlled Trial”. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences, vol. 7, no. 5, 2024, pp. 968-76, doi:10.33438/ijdshs.1482052.
Vancouver Kapanşahin M, Şevgin Ö, Safran E. Effects of Neuromuscular Exercise on Dynamic Balance, Vertical Jump and Trunk Endurance in Ice Hockey Players: A Randomized Controlled Trial. International Journal of Disabilities Sports &Health Sciences. 2024;7(5):968-76.


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