Kişi Başı Reel Gelir Yakınsaması ve Enerji Güvenliği Riski Yakınsaması Bulunuyor mu? Avustralya ve Yeni Zelanda Örneği

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın bir amacı Avustralya ve Yeni Zelanda arasında kişi başı reel gelir yakınsamasının bulunup bulunmadığını ortaya koymaktır. Çalışmanın diğer bir amacı ise Avustralya ve Yeni Zelanda arasında enerji güvenliği riski yakınsamasının bulunup bulunmadığını ortaya koymaktır. Veri mevcudiyetine bağlı olarak kişi başı reel gelir yakınsamasının test edilmesinde dikkate alınan analiz dönemi 1870–2022 dönemidir. Yine veri mevcudiyetine bağlı olarak enerji güvenliği riski yakınsamasının test edilmesinde dikkate alınan analiz dönemi 1980–2018 dönemidir. Avustralya ve Yeni Zelanda arasında enerji güvenliği riski yakınsamasının bulunup bulunmadığını araştıran ampirik bir çalışmaya rastlanılmamıştır. Çalışma ayrıca politika yapıcılar için önemli bilgi de sağlamaktadır. Bu nedenlerden ötürü çalışma önem arz etmektedir. Mutlak yakınsamayı sınamak için birim kök testi uygulanmıştır. Kişi başı reel gelir açısından koşullu yakınsamayı sınamak için ise iki adet yapısal kırılmayı dikkate alan durağanlık testi uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular dikkate alınarak kişi başı reel gelir açısından mutlak yakınsamanın olmadığına karar verilmiştir. Ancak kişi başı reel gelir açısından koşullu yakınsamanın olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Enerji güvenliği riski açısından ise mutlak yakınsamanın bulunduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

Keywords

• Enerji Güvenliği Riski
• Kişi Başı Reel Gelir
• Koşullu Yakınsama
• Mutlak Yakınsama

Is There a Per Capita Real Income Convergence and Energy Security Risk Convergence? The Case of Australia and New Zealand

Abstract

One objective of this study is to reveal whether there is a per capita real income convergence between Australia and New Zealand. Another objective of the study is to determine whether there is an energy security risk convergence between Australia and New Zealand. Depending on data availability, the analysis period considered in testing the per capita real income convergence is the period 1870–2022. The analysis period for testing the energy security risk convergence is 1980–2018, based on data availability. No empirical study was found to have examined whether energy security risk convergence exists between Australia and New Zealand. The study also provides important information for policymakers. For these reasons, the study is important. A unit root test was applied to test absolute convergence. To test the conditional convergence in terms of per capita real income, a stationarity test that considers two structural breaks was applied. Considering the findings, it was decided that there was no absolute convergence in terms of per capita real income. However, it was concluded that there was a conditional convergence in terms of per capita real income. In terms of energy security risk, it was concluded that there is absolute convergence.

Keywords

• Energy Security Risk
• Per Capita Real Income
• Conditional Convergence
• Absolute Convergence

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