Influence of Soil-Delivered Micronutrients (Iron and Zinc) on Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) Agronomic Performance and Quality under the Ecological Conditions of Central Anatolia, Türkiye

Öz

This study was carried out over a two-year period to evaluate the effects of soil-supplied iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) on the agronomic traits and quality of soybean (Glycine max L.) under the ecological conditions of Central Anatolia, Türkiye. The study utilized the early-maturing Atakişi cultivar, which is well-adapted to the Central Anatolian and Mediterranean regions. FeSO₄·7H₂O (1.5 kg/da) and ZnSO₄·7H₂O (3 kg/da) fertilizers were incorporated into the soil prior to sowing. A randomized complete block design was utilized in the study, comprising four treatments (Fe, Zn, Fe+Zn, and control) with four replications, resulting in a total of 16 plots. Key agronomic parameters (such as branch number per plant, plant height, first branch height, first pod height, pod number per plant, seeds per pod, pod length, 1000-seed weight, and yield per decare) were measured alongside quality traits, including protein, ash, and oil contents (%). The findings demonstrated that soil applications of Fe and Zn significantly affected plant height number of branches (p<0.01), (p<0.05), and pod length (p<0.05) throughout the study period, while the number of seeds per pod was significantly influenced by both the treatments (p<0.01) and the interaction between year and treatment. Other agronomic traits did not show significant responses to either the year or treatments (p>0.05). The Fe+Zn treatment resulted in the highest protein content (37.59%), the Fe treatment produced the highest oil content (19.80%), and the greatest ash content (9.10%) was observed in the Fe+Zn treatment during the second year. Overall, combined Fe and Zn applications enhanced both seed number and quality-related traits. It was concluded that such applications can significantly enhance yield and quality in soybean cultivation, especially on micronutrient-deficient, calcareous, and alkaline soils.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Soybean
• iron
• zinc
• quality
• yield

Türkiye’nin Orta Anadolu Ekolojik Koşullarında Topraktan Uygulanan Mikrobesinlerin (Demir ve Çinko) Soya Fasulyesinin (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) Tarımsal Özelikleri ve Kalitesine etkisi

Öz

Bu çalışma, topraktan verilen demir (Fe) ve çinkonun (Zn) Türkiye’nin Orta Anadolu, Türkiye ekolojik koşullarında soya fasulyesi (Glycine max L.) üzerindeki agronomik özellikler ve kaliteye etkilerini değerlendirmek amacıyla iki yıl süreyle yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada, Orta Anadolu ve Akdeniz bölgelerine iyi adapte olmuş erken olgunlaşan Atakişi çeşidi kullanılmıştır. FeSO₄·7H₂O (1,5 kg/da) ve ZnSO₄·7H₂O (3 kg/da) gübreleri ekim öncesi toprağa karıştırılarak uygulanmıştır. Çalışmada, dört konu (Fe, Zn, Fe+Zn ve kontrol) ve dört tekerrürlü tesadüf blokları deneme deseni kullanılmış ve toplam 16 parselde yürütülmüştür. Tarımsal özellikler (bitki başına dal sayısı, bitki boyu, ilk dal boyu, ilk bakla boyu, bitki başına bakla sayısı, bakla başına tohum sayısı, bakla uzunluğu, 1000 tohum ağırlığı ve dekar başına verim) ile protein, kül ve yağ içeriği (%) gibi kalite özellikleri ölçülmüştür. Bulgular, topraktan uygulamalarda Fe ve Zn’un bitki boyu (p<0,05), dal sayısı (p<0,01) ve bakla uzunluğu (p<0,05) üzerinde yılın önemli etkileri olduğunu göstermiştir. Baklada dane sayısı ise hem uygulamalarda (p<0,01) hem de yıl × uygulama etkileşiminden önemli ölçüde etkilenmiştir. Diğer tarımsal özellikler, yıl veya uygulamalardan önemli ölçüde etkilenmemiştir (p>0,05). En yüksek protein içeriği Fe+Zn uygulamasının birinci yılında (%37,59), en yüksek yağ içeriği (%19,80) Fe uygulamasın ikinci yılında ve en yüksek kül içeriği (%9,10) ise ikinci yılın Fe+Zn uygulamasından gözlemlenmiştir. Genel olarak, Fe ve Zn’in birlikte uygulanması hem dane sayısını hem de kaliteyle ilgili özellikleri artırmıştır. Bu uygulamaların, özellikle mikro besin maddelerince eksik, kireçli ve alkalin topraklarda soya fasulyesi üretiminde verim ve kaliteyi önemli ölçüde artırabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Soya fasulyesi
• demir
• çinko
• kalite
• verim

Kaynakça

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