Mediating Role of Self Efficacy on the Relationship between Subjective Vitality and School Burnout in Turkish Adolescents

Abstract

The purpose of this paper was to examine whether self efficacy might play a mediating role between subjective vitality and school burnout in Turkish adolescents. The participants were 344 high school students who completed a questionnaire package that included the School Burnout Scale, the Subjective Vitality Scale, and the General Self-Efficacy Scale. Relationships between self efficacy, vitality and school burnout were tested using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient and predictions of each variable by the domains of the other were calculated with Linear Regression Analysis (LRA). Findings showed that subjective vitality, school burnout and self-efficacy were related to each others. Hierarchical Regression Analysis results indicated that self-efficacy partially mediated the relationship between subjective vitality and school burnout.

Keywords

• Self-efficacy; burnout; vitality

Mediating Role of Self Efficacy on the Relationship between Subjective Vitality and School Burnout in Turkish Adolescents

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı ergenlerde okul tükenmişliği ile öznel zindelik arasında öz-yeterliliğin aracı rolünü incelemektir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 344 lise öğrencisi oluşturmakta olup; Okul Tükenmişliği Ölçeği, Öznel Zindelik Ölçeği ve Genel Öz-yeterlilik Ölçeği veri toplama aracı olarak kullanılmıştır. Öz-yeterlilik, okul tükenmişliği ve öznel zindelik arasındaki ilişkileri saptamak için Pearson momentler çarpımı korelasyon analizi, özyeterliliğin, öznel zindelik ve okul tükenmişliği arasındaki aracı rolünü incelemek için Lineer regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre öz-yeterlilik, öznel zindelik ve okul tükenmişliği arasında ilişki bulunmuştur. Hiyerarşik regresyon analizi sonuçlarına göre öz-yeterlilik, öznel zindelik ve okul tükenmişliği arasındaki ilişkide aracı rol üstlenmiştir

Keywords

• Öz-yeterlilik; tükenmişlik; zindelik

References

1. Finally, in this study, there might have been factors which influenced the school burnout, subjective vitality
2. and self-efficacy of high school students. While we have clearly investigated the relationship between
3. subjective vitality and school burnout, future studies might aim to identify other mediators which might
4. contribute to the relationship between these two variables.
5. In conclusion, this investigation shows that self efficacy affects subjective vitality and school burnout directly.
6. Students high in self efficacy are more likely to be high in subjective vitality and low in school burnout.
7. Therefore, the current findings increase our understanding of the relationships between subjective vitality,
8. school burnout, and self efficacy. We hope that our results may help educational agencies in designing suitable

9. self efficacy encouraging programs geared toward the college population.
10. Akın, A., Sarıçam, H., Demirci, İ., Yalnız, A., Yıldız, B., & Usta, F. (2013). The Adaptation of School Burnout Inventory (SBI) To Turkish and Its Psychometric Properties. Istanbul 2013 World Congress of Psychological Counselling and Guidance. 8-11 September, Istanbul, Turkey.
11. Akın, A. (2012). The relationships between internet addiction, subjective vitality, and subjective happiness. CyberPsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 15(8), 404-410. DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2011.0609
12. Aypay, A. (2011). Elementary School Student Burnout Scale for Grades 6-8: A Study of Validity and Reliability. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 11(2), 520-527.
13. Aypay, A., & Eryılmaz, A. (2011). Relationships of High School Sdutent’ Subjective Well-Being and School Burnout. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 3(1), 181-199
14. Balkıs, M. (2013). The Relationship between Academic Procrastination and Students’ Burnout. H. U. Journal of Education, 28(1), 68-78.
15. Bandura, A.. (2006). Adolescent development from an agentic perspective. In Self-efficacy beliefs of
16. adolescents, ed. F. Pajares, and T. Urdan, 1-43. Greenwich, Connecticut: Information Age Publishing.
17. Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: W. H. Freeman.
18. Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
19. Bostic, T. J., Rubio, D. M., & Hood, M. (2000). A validation of the subjective vitality scale using structural
20. equation modeling. Social Indicators Research, 52, 313-319.
21. Boudreau, D., Santen, S.A., Hemphill, R.R. & Dobson, J. (2004) Burnout in medical students: examining the
22. prevalence and predisposing factors during the four years of medical school. Annals of Emergency
23. Medicine, 44(4), 75–76.
24. Chang, A. K., Park, J., & Sok, S. R. (2013). Relationships among self-efficacy, depression, life satisfaction, and adaptation among older korean adults residing in for-profit professional nursing facilities. J Nurs Res., 21(3), 162-169.
25. Charkhabi, M., Abarghuei, M. A., & Hayati, D. (2013). The association of academic burnout with self-efficacy and quality of learning experience among Iranian students. Springerplus, 2, 677. doi: 10.1186/2193- 1801-2-677
26. Chemers, M. M., Hu, L., & Garcia, B. F. (2001). Academic self-efficacy and first year college student performance and adjustment. Journal of Educational Psychology, 93, 55-64.
27. Çakar Savi, F. (2012). The Relationship between the Self-efficacy and Life Satisfaction of Young Adults. International Education Studies, 5(6), 123-130. doi:10.5539/ies.v5n6p123
28. Çapri, B., Özkendir, O. M., Özkurt, B., & Karakuş, F. (2012). General Self-Efficacy beliefs, Life Satisfaction and Burnout of University Students. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 47, 968-973.
29. Durán, A., Extremera, N., Rey, L., Fernández-Berrocal, P., & Montalbán, F. M. (2006). Predicting academic burnout and engagement in educational settings: Assessing the incremental validity of perceived emotional intelligence beyond perceived stress and general self-efficacy. Psicothema, 18, 158-164.
30. Erdur-Baker, Ö., Özmen, O., & Özmen, H. (2011). Teachers’ Perspectives on Psychological Issues among their Students. Elementary Education Online, 10(1), 197-205,
31. Fini, A. E. S., Kavousian, J., Beigy, A., & Emami, M. (2010). Subjective vitality and its anticipating variables on students. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5, 150-156.
32. Frazier, P. A., Tix, A. P., & Baron, K. E. (2004). Testing moderator and mediator effects in counseling psychology. Journal of Counselling Psychology, 51, 115-134.
33. Fry, P. S., & Debats, D. L. (2002). Self-efficacy beliefs as predictors of loneliness and psychological distress in older adults. Int J Aging Hum Dev., 55(3), 233-69.
34. Göktaş, Y., Hasançebi, F., Varışoğlu, B., Akçay, A., Bayrak, N., Baran, M., & Sözbilir, M. (2012). Trends in Educational Research in Turkey: A Content Analysis. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 12(1), 455-459.
35. Jacobs, S. & Dodd, D. (2003). Student burnout as a function of personality, social support, and workload. Journal of College Students Development, 44 (3), 291-303.
36. Jinks, J. & Morgan, V. (1999). Children’s perceived academic self-efficacy: An inventory scale. The Clearing House, 72 (4), 224-230.
37. Kenny, D. A., Kashy, D. A., & Bolger, N. (1998). Data analysis in social psychology. In D. Gilbert, S. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology. Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill.
38. Kenny, D. A., Korchmaros, J. D., & Bolger, N. (2003). Lower level mediation in multilevel models. Psychological Methods, 8, 115-128.
39. Kotaman, H. (2010). Turkish early childhood educators’ sense of teacher efficacy. Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology, 8(2), 603-616.
40. Lazarus, R.S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, Appraisal and Coping. New York: Springer.
41. Leiter, M. P. (1992). Burn-out as a crisis in self-efficacy: Conceptual and practical implications. Work & Stress. An International Journal of Work, Health & Organisations, 6(2), 107-115.
42. Leiter, M. P., & Skoe, E. (1989). Toward a cognitive model of burnout. Paper presented at the First European Congress of Psychology, Amsterdam, June.
43. Magaletta, P. R., & Oliver, J. M. (1999). The hope construct, will and ways: Their relations with self efficacy, optimism, and general well-being. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 55(5), 539-551.
44. Maslach, C., Jackson, S. E., & Leiter, M. P. (1996). Maslach burnout inventory manual (3rd ed.). Palo Alto: Consulting Psychologists Press.
45. Maslach, C. (1982). Burnout: the cost of caring. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
46. Maslach, C., & Jackson. S.E. (1981). The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of Occupational Behavior, 2, 99-113.
47. Murris, P. (2002). Relationships between self-efficacy and symptoms of anxiety disorders and depression in a normal adolescent sample. Personality and Individual Differences, 32(2), 337-348.
48. Muris, P. (2001). A brief questionnaire for measuring self-efficacy in children with affective problems. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 23, 145-149.
49. Niemiec, C. P., Lynch, M. F., Vansteenkiste, M., et al. (2006). The antecedents and consequences of autonomous self-regulation for college: a self-determination theory perspective on socialization. Journal of Adolescence, 29, 761-775.
50. O’Sullivan, G. (2011). The Relationship between Hope, Eustress, Self-Efficacy, and Life Satisfaction among Undergraduates. Social Indicators Research, 101(1), 155-172.
51. Pajares, F. (1996). Self-efficacy beliefs in academic settings. Review of Educational Research, 66, 543-578.
52. Ratliff, N. (1988). Stress and burnout in the helping professions. Social Casework 69(1), 147-154.
53. Ryan , R. M., & Frederick, C. (1997). On energy, personality and health: subjective vitality as a dynamic reflection of well-being. Journal of Personality, 65, 529-565.
54. Sahranavard, M., & Hassan, S. A. (2012). The Relationship between Self-Concept, Self-Efficacy, Self-Esteem, Anxiety and Science Performance among Iranian Students. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research 12(9), 1190-1196,
55. Schaufeli, W.B., Martinez, I., Marqués-Pinto, A., Salanova, M., & Bakker, A. (2002). Burnout and engagement in university students: A cross-national study. Journal of Cross-Cultural Studies, 33, 464–481.
56. Schaufeli, W., & Buunk, B. P. (2003). Burnout: An overview of 25 years of research and theorizing. In M. J. Schabracq, J. A. M. Winnubst, & C. L. Cooper (Eds.), Handbook of work and health psychology (pp. 383– 425). Chichester: Wiley.
57. Schwarzer, R., & Hallum, S. (2008). Perceived teacher self-efficacy as a predictor of job stress and burnout: Medication analysis. Applied Psychology: An International Review 57, 152-171.
58. Seçer, İ., Halmatov, S., Veyis, F., & Ateş. B., (2013). Adapting School Burnout Inventory to Turkish Culture: Study of Validity and Reliability. Turkish Journal of Education, 2(2), 16-24.
59. Selye, H. (1956). The stress of life. New York: McGraw Hill.
60. Sherer, M., Maddux, J. E., Mercandante, B., Prentice-Dunn, S., Jacobs, B., & Rogers, R. W. (1982). The Self- Efficacy Scale: Construction and validation. Psychological Reports, 51, 663-671.
61. Skaalvik, E.M., & Skaalvik, S. (2010). Teacher self-efficacy and teacher burnout: A study of relations. Teaching and Teacher Education, 26, 1059-1069.
62. Salama-Younes, M. (2011). Positive mental health, subjective vitality and satisfaction with life for French physical education students. World Journal of Sport Sciences, 4(2), 90-97.
63. Salmela-Aro, K., Kiuru, N., Leskinen, E. & Nurmi, J. E. (2009). School-Burnout Inventory (SBI): Reliability and Validity. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 25(1), 48-57.
64. Ulgen, H., Ozturk, C., & Armstrong, M. (2012). Effect of Self-Efficacy on Turkish Children’s Perceptions of the Advantages/Disadvantages of Smoking. Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 13, 795-798. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2012.13.3.795.
65. Uysal, R., Sarıçam, H., & Akin, A. (2014). Öznel Zindelik Ölçeği Türkçe Formunun Psikometrik Özellikleri. Muğla Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 33, Baskıda.
66. Uysal, R., Satıcı, S. A., & Akın, A. (2013). Mediating Effect of Facebook Addiction on the Relationship ® between Subjective Vitality and Subjective Happiness. Psychological Reports: Mental & Physical Health, 113(3), 948-953.
67. Yang, Hui-J. (2004). Factors affecting student burnout and academic achievement in multiple enrollment programs in Taiwan’s technical–vocational colleges. International Journal of Educational Development, 24, 283-301.
68. Yıldırım, F., & Ilhan, I. O. (2010). The Validity and Reliability of the General Self-Efficacy Scale-Turkish Form. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry, 21(4), 301-308.
69. Valente, M. A. F., Ribeiro, J. L. P., & Jensen, M. P. (2009). Coping, depression, anxiety, self-efficacy and social support: impact on adjustment to chronic pain. Escritos de Psicología, 2(3), 8-17.