International Journal of Food Engineering Research
Writing rules (ENG)

General Rules

The language of the articles is English.
If there is an institution that supports the study, the last word of the article title should be placed on (*) and the information on the same page as the footnote should be given.
Manuscripts should not exceed 12.000 words including bibliography and annexes.
Articles should be organized according to the APA reference system. Please make sure that the references in the text are in the references

Editing of topics:

All work submitted to our journal must have the following characteristics:
Studies submitted as a basic spelling rule must be written in accordance with APA (6.0) style. examples and exceptions are listed below:
Page Layout, entries must be written in a Microsoft Word program and the page metrics must be organized as follows:

Paper Size: A4 Portrait
Top Margin: 2.5 cm
Bottom Margin: 2.5 cm
Left Margin: 2.5 cm
Right Margin: 2.5 cm
Paragraph Head: 1 cm
Block Quote: Left 1 cm
Font: Times New Roman
Font Style: Normal
Main Text Size: 11 point
Block Quote: 9 points
Footnote Text Size: 9 points
Inside the Table: 9 points
Paragraph Spacing: 6 nk
Line Spacing: Single (1)

Type of Font

Times New Roman style should be used. Turkish Abstract English Abstract should be in 11 pt, main text should be 11 pt. Text, Turkish-English abstract and the sources used should be justify. Text should be written using single line spacing, 1 line spacing between paragraphs should be left.

Headlines

The manuscript should be composed of main headings and sub-headings.

Main Title

Times New Roman character, using capital letters, bold and must be in Microsoft Word format in 14-pt format. Author name, abbreviations, author ORCID number and e-mail addresses should be written with two lines of space after the title and the name of the author should be written in 11 pt font size.

Abstract

Abstract title should be written with two lines of space after Turkish keywords. Times New Roman should be in bold, 11 pt, justified, and in single word Microsoft Word format using capital letters. Should not exceed 600 words and abstract should be bold, 11 pt. and all text should be written in Microsoft Word format in Times New Roman style. Keywords in abstract should be in italic, bold type and 11 pt. At least three, maximum five key words should be written with the first letter and the other letters with small letters. In abstract, subject of the article, research method and result should be given.

Sections

Section subtitles (INTRODUCTION, CONCEPTUAL FRAME, LITERATURE SCANNING, RESEARCH METHODOLOGY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSION, etc), which are formed according to the content of the article, should be all uppercase, 11 pt and bold, and they should be typed without numbering.

Main Text

Subtitles should be written in 11 pt, bold and capital letters and the text should be in 11 pt., Times New Roman style in Microsoft Word format. Articles should be written in a single column, justified, and in a single space between paragraphs. The subtitle of the first section should start with a line space after the keywords and there should be no spaces in the following paragraphs. Article length must not exceed 20 pages with shapes and figures

Tables, Figures, Graphics and Pictures

If the tables, figures, graphics and pictures used in the text are not originally created by the author (s), they can be used in the text by showing “source”. Tables, figures, graphics and pictures should be placed to fit the text and the headings should be written in 11 font size and centered. Tables and graphs used in the text should be listed as Table 1., Table 2. / Chart 1., Chart 2. etc. and so on. Table numbers and titles should be written before the table. Figures, graphics and pictures of the numbers and the headers (figure, graphic and picture) then the bottom of the Figure 1., Figure 2. / Picture 1., Picture 2. etc. should be written as ordered. The first letters of the words used in the tables, figures, graphics and image titles should be initials large and the others are small.

Conclusion

The title should be written in bold, 11 pt, capital letters and text in 11 pt. Times New Roman style in Microsoft Word format.


REFERENCE PRINCIPLES

In-text references

Please make sure that all references mentioned in the text are also included in the reference list. Specify references with number(s) in square brackets according to the text. Actual authors may be referred to, but the reference number(s) must always be given.

Examples:

In-text

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruit, one of the oldest known edible fruits is also widely consumed both fresh and in processed forms such as juice, wine, jam, vinegar [1, 2]. 

Bibliography

[1] Gil, M.I., Tomas-Barberan, F.A., Hess-Pierce, B., Holcroft, D.M. & Kader, A.A. (2000). Antioxidant activity of pomegranate juice and its relationship with phenolic composition and processing. J. Agric. Food Chem. 48, 4581–4589.

[2] Maestre, J., Melgarejo, P., Tomas-Barberan, F.A. & Garcia-Viguera, C. (2000). New food products derived from pomegranate. Options Medit. 42, 243–245.

Bibliography
The  title is 11 points, bold, and the sources should be numbered in the format shown below.

In the reference part, only referred sources in the article should be included. In the works, the opinions of others should be shown as quotation or reference.
Short quotes should be shown in quotation marks. Quotes longer than 4 lines should be written as a separate paragraph, 1 cm inside and 11 pt. In this case, quotation marks should not be used. With more than two author references, only the first author’s surname should be given and ‘and others’ statement should be used for other authors.
In publications written by legal entities, the abbreviation can be made after the first reference if the legal entity name is too long or the abbreviated form is very known,. If it is decided to use the abbreviation, the name of the institution should be written in the first submission and the abbreviation should be given in square brackets next to it.
If it is referred to different publications published on the same date, the words “a, b, c, …” should be used in order to distinguish the publications from each other, and this usage should be included both in the bibliography section and the references in the text.

Reference Examples

Reference to books and articles of a single author:

Book:

McQuail, Denis, (1987). Mass Communication Theory: An Introduction, Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Pulication Inc.

Reference to more than one work of same writer in the same year:
Cavit, Binbaşıoğlu, (1988a). General Teaching Methods, Ankara: Binbaşıoğlu Publishing House.

If the writer has quoted from another author:
Cavit, Binbaşıoğlu, (1988b). “The Impact of Homework on Learning”, Education, 65, 362-369.

Article:

Varis, Tapio, (1984). & Quot; International Flow of TV Programs & quot ;, Journal of Communication, 34 (1), pp.143-152.

Books and articles of two authors:
In Bibliography (book):

Perelman, C. and Olbrechts-Tyteca, L., (1971). The New Rhetoric, Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press.

In Bibliography (article):

McCombs, M. E. ve Shaw D. L., (1972). “The Agenda-Setting Function of Mass Media”, The Public Opinion Quarterly, 36, (2), s.176-187.

Books and articles of more than two authors:
Lazarsfeld, P. F., Berolson, B. and Gaudet, H., (1944). The People Choice, London: Colombia University Press.

The articles included in the compilation publications:
Schramm, Wilbur, (1992). “How Communication Works”, Ünsal Oskay (ed.), Introduction to Mass Communication Theories, Istanbul: Derya Publications, pp. 95-134.

Institutional publications:
DPT, (1989). Sixth Five Year Development Plan, 1990-1994, Ankara.

Books without an author:
Introduction to Librarianship, (1987). Ankara: Language and History-Geography Publications.

Interview:
Personal communication with Orhan Koloğlu on 13 March 2007.

Electronic Source:
Çubukçu, Mete, (2009). “Whose Victory Is This?”, Http://arsiv.ntvmsnbc.com/news/473346.asp. Access Date: 15.06.2010.

Electronic Source with no author:
Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2010), http://www.mfa.gov.tr/default.tr.mfa. Access Date: 16.06.2010.

All web site
www.iletgazi.edu.t is

Personal web pages
Landis, Barbara, (1996). Carlisle Indian Industrial School
History, http://home.epix.net/~landis/histry.html, Access Date: December 20, 2001.

Articles in Newspapers or Current Journals:
Nadi, Yunus, (1950). “The Secret of Power”, Cumhuriyet, July 9.

Untitled Articles in Newspapers or Current Journals
Cumhuriyet, 7 May 1924.

Documents
Decision of the Ministry of Commerce, Directorate General of Access, Access: T.C. Prime Ministry Archive.