Taxonomy, Traditional Use and Therapeutic Importance of Genus Doronicum: A Review

Abstract

Asteraceae family is the richest family in terms of the number of species in our country's flora, with 1311 species, 485 of which are endemic. Genus Doronicum L., which is in the tribe Senecioneae, is represented by 9 species and 1 subspecies in our country according to the latest literature, with the 40% endemism rate. The distribution areas of the species grown in Turkey are narrow and they mostly found in the humid regions of the North and East Anatolian mountains. The last comprehensive studies on the genus were carried out in the early 2000s, and the systematics of the genus were tried to be clarified with some morphological and molecular studies on the species. As a result of the data obtained, some species in Turkey have been reduced to synonymous. Doronicum species are used in the treatment of various diseases such as heart diseases, epilepsy, malaria, digestive system diseases and scorpion-snake poisonings in Europe,. In our country, the fresh roots of D. orientale (Bitter, Baywort, Tigergrass, Yellow daisy, Yellow flower) are used in the treatment of infertility, while the decoction of the above-ground parts is used as a diuretic. It is also grown as an ornamental plant in Europe due to its large and spectacular flowers. The aerial parts and root extracts of Doronicum species have been shown in many studies to contain bioactive compounds such as pyrrolizidine alkaloids, flavonoids, coumarins, terpenes, benzofurans (tremetone derivatives). Sesquiterpene and monoterpene compounds are prominent in the content of essential oil. Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antitumoral, hepatoprotective, urease inhibitor, α-amylase inhibitor, α-glucosidase inhibitor and cholinesterase inhibitor activity studies have been conducted up to the present days. Although they are known as poisonous plants, Doronicum species are thought to contain candidate molecules that can be used as herbal medicine with proven biological activities and bioactive compounds. It is anticipated that future studies will discover new compounds effective in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and various types of cancer.

Keywords

• Asteraceae
• Alzheimer
• Doronicum
• Senecioneae
• taxonomy

Project Number

35458

Doronicum Cinsinin Taksonomisi, Geleneksel Kullanımı ve Terapötik Önemi: Derleme

Abstract

Asteraceae familyası 485’i endemik olmak üzere içerdiği 1311 tür ile ülkemiz florasında bulunan tür sayısı bakımından en zengin familyadır. Familyanın Senecioneae tribusunda yer alan Doronicum L. cinsi son verilere göre ülkemizde 9 tür ve 1 alt tür ile temsil edilmekte olup endemizm oranı %40’tır. Ülkemizde bulunan türlerin genellikle yayılış alanları dar olup çoğunlukla Kuzey ve Doğu Anadolu dağlarının nemli bölgelerinde yetişmektedirler. Cins üzerinde en son kapsamlı çalışmalar 2000’li yılların başında gerçekleştirilmiş olup türler üzerinde yapılan bazı morfolojik ve moleküler çalışmalarla cinsin sistematiği aydınlatılmaya çalışılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler sonucunda Türkiyede’de yer alan bazı türler sinonim seviyesine düşürülmüştür. Avrupa’da Doronicum türlerinden halk arasında kalp hastalıkların, epilepsi, malarya, sindirim sistemi hastalıkları ve akrep-yılan zehirlenmeleri gibi çeşitli hastalıkların tedavisinde yararlanılmaktadır. Ülkemizde D. orientale (Acımık, Baylıkotu, Kaplanotu, Sarı papatya, Sarı çiçek) türünün taze kökleri kısırlık tedavisinde kullanılırken, topraküstü kısımlarının dekoksiyonu dahilen diüretik olarak kullanılmaktadır. Ayrıca büyük ve gösterişli çiçeklerinden dolayı Avrupa’da süs bitkisi olarak yetiştirilmektedir. Doronicum türlerinin topraküstü kısımları ve kök ekstrelerinin pirolizidin alkaloidleri, flavonoitler, kumarinler, terpenler, benzofuranlar (tremeton türevleri) gibi bileşikler içerdiği birçok çalışma ile gösterilmiştir. Uçucu yağın içeriğinde ise seskiterpen ve monoterpene bileşikler öne çıkmaktadır. Günümüze kadar türler üzerinde antienflamatuar, antioksidan, antimikrobiyal, antitümoral, hepatoprotektif, üreaz inhibitör, α-amilaz inhibitör, α-glukozidaz inhibitor ve kolinesteraz inhibitör aktivite çalışmaları gerçekleştirilmiştir. Her ne kadar zehirli bitkiler olarak bilinseler de Doronicum türlerinin kanıtlanmış biyolojik aktiviteleri ve içerdikleri biyoaktif bileşikler ile bitkisel ilaç olarak kullanılabilecek aday molekülleri içerdikleri düşünülmektedir. Türler üzerinde gerçekleştirilecek ileri çalışmalar ile özellikle Alzheimer hastalığı ve çeşitli kanser türleri için tedaviyi destekleyecek yeni bileşiklerin keşfedilebileceği ümit edilmektedir.

Keywords

• Asteraceae
• Alzheimer
• Doronicum
• Senecioneae
• taksonomi

Supporting Institution

İstanbul Üniversitesi

Project Number

35458

References

1. 1. Nordenstam, B., et al., Senecioneae, in Systematics, Evolution and Biogeography of Compositae, V.A. Funk, et al., Editors. 2009, International Association for Plant Taxonomy. Vienna: Austria. p. 503-526.
2. 2. Budak Ü., “Türkiye Senecio L. (Asteraceae) Türlerinin Taksonomisi” PhD diss., Erciyes Üniversitesi, 2009.
3. 3. Cassini, H., Troisième mémoire sur les Synanthérées. Journal de Physique, de Chimie, d’Histoire Naturelle et des Arts, 1816. 82: p. 116-146.
4. 4. Cassini, H., Tableau synoptique des Synanthérées. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, 1829. 17: p. 387-423. 5. Bremer, K., Asteraceae: Cladistics and Classification. 1994, Oregon, USA: Timber Press.
5. 6. Nordenstam, B., Senecioneae, in The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, Vol. 8, Flowering Plants, Eudicots, Asterales, J.W. Kadereit and C. Jeffrey, Editors. 2007, Springer. Berlin: Germany. p. 208-241.
6. 7. Pelser, P.B., et al, An ITS phylogeny of tribe Senecioneae (Asteraceae) and a new delimitation of Senecio L. Taxon, 2007. 56: p. 1077-1104.
7. 8. Panero, J.L., New combinations and infrafamilial taxa in the Asteraceae. Phytologia, 2005. 87: p. 1-14.
8. 9. Fu, Z.X., et al., A comprehensive generic-level phylogeny of the sunflower family: Implications for the systematics of Chinese Asteraceae. Journal of Systematics and Evolution, 2016. 54(4): p. 416-437.

9. 10. Alvarez Fernandez, I., et al., A phylogenetic analysis of Doronicum (Asteraceae, Senecioneae) based on morphological, nuclear ribosomal (ITS), and chloroplast (trnL-F) evidence. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2001. 20(1): p. 41-64.
10. 11. Edmondson, J.R., Doronicum L., in Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, vol 5, P.H. Davis, Editor. 1975, Edinburgh Press. Edinburgh. p. 137-145.
11. 12. Cronquist A., An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants. 1981, New York, USA: Columbia University Press.
12. 13. Alvarez Fernandez, I., Systematics of Eurasian and North African Doronicum (Asteraceae: Senecioneae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 2003. 90(3): p. 319-389.
13. 14. Cavillier, F., Nouvelles e’tudes sur le genre Doronicum. Annuaire du Conservatoire & du Jardin Botaniques de Geneve, 1911. 13-14: p. 195-368.
14. 15. Edmondson, J.R., Notes on Doronicum L. in SW Asia. Notes From The Royal Botanic Garden, 1973. 32: p. 255-258.
15. 16. Linnaeus, C., Species Plantarum. 1753, Stockholm, Sweden: Holmiae, Impensis L. Salvii.
16. 17. Lamarck, J.B.A.P., Encyclopédie Méthodique. Botanique. 1786, Paris, France: Liège, Panckoucke.
17. 18. Necker, N.J., Elementa Botanica. 1790, Neuwied, Germany: Apud Societatem Typographicam.
18. 19. Bentham, G. and J.D. Hooker, Genera Plantarum, Vol. 2. 1873, London, England: A. Black 20. Cassini, H., Aperçu des genres ou sous-genres nouveaux forms par M. Henri Cassini dans la famille des Synanthérées. Bulletin des sciences de la Société Philomatique de Paris, 1817. 1817: p. 151-154.
19. 21. Candolle, A.P., Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis, Vol. 5. 1836, Paris, France: Sumptibus Sociorum Treuttel et Würtz.
20. 22. Edmondson, J.R., The genus Doronicum L. in Iran. Notes From The Royal Botanic Garden, 1978. 32: p. 67-73.
21. 23. Avetisyan, V.E., Rod Doronicum L. v Armenii (Doronicum L. genus in Armenia). Biologicheskii Zhurnal Armenii, 1980. 33: p. 532-534.
22. 24. Chacón Aumente, R., Contribución al estudio taxonómico del género Doronicum L. (Compositae) en la península Ibérica. Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid, 1987. 43: p. 253-270.
23. 25. Duvigneaud, J., Le genre Doronicum L. en Belgique et dans les régions voisines. Natura Mosana, 1992. 45: p. 81-92.
24. 26. Cavillier, F., E’tude sur les Doronicum a’fruits homomorphes. Annuaire du Conservatoire & du Jardin Botaniques de Geneve, 1907. 10: p. 177-251.
25. 27. Alvarez Fernandez, I., and G. Nieto Feliner, A multivariate approach to assess the taxonomic utility of morphometric characters in Doronicum (Asteraceae, Senecioneae). Folia Geobotanica, 2001. 36: p. 423-444.
26. 28. Willkomm, H.M. and J.M.C. Lange, Prodromus Florae Hispanicae, Vol 2. 1870, Stuttgart, Germany: Schweizerbart.
27. 29. Kadereit, J.W. and C. Jeffrey, The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, Vol. 8, Flowering Plants, Eudicots, Asterales. 2007, Berlin, Germany: Springer.
28. 30. Skof, S., et al., Phylogeny and biogeography of the narrowly endemic Doronicum cataractarum (Asteraceae) from the eastern European Alps: Pleistocene origin from Alpine ancestors rather than Tertiary relic with southwest Asian affinity. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 2019. 305(2): p. 139-149.
29. 31. Güner, A., et al., Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler). 2012, İstanbul, Turkey: Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını.
30. 32. Bonifacino J.M., et al., A history of research in Compositae: early beginnings to the Reading Meeting (1975), in Systematics, Evolution and Biogeography of Compositae, V.A. Funk, et al., Editors. 2009, International Association for Plant Taxonomy. Vienna: Austria. p. 3-38.
31. 33. Metcalfe, C.R. and L. Chalk, Anatomy of the Dicotyledons. Vol. 2. 1957, Oxford, England: Claredon Press. 34. Metcalfe, C.R. and L. Chalk. Anatomy of Dicotyledons: Systematic Anatomy Of The Leaf And Stem, With A Brief History Of The Subject, Vol 1. 1979, Oxford, England: Claredon Press
32. 35. Muravnik, L.E., The structural peculiarities of the leaf glandular trichomes: A review, in Plant Cell and Tissue Differentiation and Secondary Metabolites, K.G. Ramawat, H.M. Ekiert, and S. Goyal, Editors. 2021, Springer. India. p. 63-97.
33. 36. Kletter C. and N. Kriechbaum, Tibetan Medicinal Plants. 2001, Stuttgart, Germany: Medpharm Sci. Publs. 37. Cutler, D.F., T. Botha, and D.W. Stevenson, Plant Anatomy: An Applied Approach. 2007, Australia: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
34. 38. Janaćković, P., A. Susanna, and P.D. Marin, Micromorphology and anatomy in systematics of Asteraceae An old-fashioned approach ?. Biologica Nyssana, 2019. 10(2): p. 77-85.
35. 39. Abid, R., and N. Ali, Cypsela morphology and its taxonomic significance for the tribe Senecioneae (Asteraceae) from Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 2010. 42: p. 117-133.
36. 40. Idu, M. and A.C. Omonhinmin, Seed morphology of some taxa of Asteraceae. Journal of Economic & Taxonomic Botany, 2001. 19: p. 1-30.
37. 41. Jana, B.K. and S.K. Mukherjee, Cypselar characters of some species of the tribe-Senecioneae (Asteraceae), on the basis of morphological study. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Bio-Science, 2013. 2(1): p. 261-266.
38. 42. Jana, B.K. and S.K. Mukherjee, Pappus structure of some species of Compositae. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany, 2013. 37(3): p. 480-493.
39. 43. Jana, B.K. and S.K. Mukherjee, Distribution of trichomes on the mature cypselar surface of some species of Compositae. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany, 2014. 38(2): p. 369-383.
40. 44. Kostina, O.V. and L.E. Muravnik, Structure and chemical content of the trichomes in two Doronicum species. Modern Phytomorphology, 2014. 5: p. 167-171.
41. 45. Mosina, A.A., O.V. Kostina, and L.E. Muravnik, Morphology and ultrastructure of the glandular trichomes of vegetative and reproductive organs in Doronicum pardalianches (Asteraceae). XIV. Modern Dünyada Botanik Kongresi, Rusya, 2018: p. 188.
42. 46. Muravnik, L.E., O.V. Kostina, and A.A. Mosina, Glandular trichomes of the leaves in three Doronicum species (Senecioneae, Asteraceae): morphology, histochemistry, and ultrastructure. Protoplasma, 2019. 256(3): p. 789-803.
43. 47. Grew, N., The Anatomy of Plants With an Idea of a Philosophical History of Plants and Several Other Lectures Read Before the Royal Society. 1682, London, England: W. Rawlins.
44. 48. Steetz, J., Crystallopollen and Ambassa, in Naturwissenschaftliche Reise nach Mossambique auf Befehl seiner Majestät des Königs Friedrich Wilhelm IV, W.C. Peters, Editor. 1864, Georg Reiner. Berlin: Germany. p. 363-367.
45. 49. Blackmore, S., et al., Evolution of pollen in Compositae, in Systematics, Evolution and Biogeography of Compositae, V.A. Funk, et al., Editors. 2009, International Association for Plant Taxonomy. Vienna: Austria. p. 101-130.
46. 50. Wodehouse, R.P., Pollen grain morphology in the classification of the Anthemideae. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, 1926. 53: p. 479-485.
47. 51. Wodehouse, R.P., The phylogenetic value of pollen grain characters. American Journal of Botany, 1928. 42: p. 891-934.