Taxonomy, Traditional Use and Therapeutic Importance of Genus Doronicum: A Review

Öz

Asteraceae family is the richest family in terms of the number of species in our country's flora, with 1311 species, 485 of which are endemic. Genus Doronicum L., which is in the tribe Senecioneae, is represented by 9 species and 1 subspecies in our country according to the latest literature, with the 40% endemism rate. The distribution areas of the species grown in Turkey are narrow and they mostly found in the humid regions of the North and East Anatolian mountains. The last comprehensive studies on the genus were carried out in the early 2000s, and the systematics of the genus were tried to be clarified with some morphological and molecular studies on the species. As a result of the data obtained, some species in Turkey have been reduced to synonymous. Doronicum species are used in the treatment of various diseases such as heart diseases, epilepsy, malaria, digestive system diseases and scorpion-snake poisonings in Europe,. In our country, the fresh roots of D. orientale (Bitter, Baywort, Tigergrass, Yellow daisy, Yellow flower) are used in the treatment of infertility, while the decoction of the above-ground parts is used as a diuretic. It is also grown as an ornamental plant in Europe due to its large and spectacular flowers. The aerial parts and root extracts of Doronicum species have been shown in many studies to contain bioactive compounds such as pyrrolizidine alkaloids, flavonoids, coumarins, terpenes, benzofurans (tremetone derivatives). Sesquiterpene and monoterpene compounds are prominent in the content of essential oil. Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antitumoral, hepatoprotective, urease inhibitor, α-amylase inhibitor, α-glucosidase inhibitor and cholinesterase inhibitor activity studies have been conducted up to the present days. Although they are known as poisonous plants, Doronicum species are thought to contain candidate molecules that can be used as herbal medicine with proven biological activities and bioactive compounds. It is anticipated that future studies will discover new compounds effective in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and various types of cancer.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Asteraceae
• Alzheimer
• Doronicum
• Senecioneae
• taxonomy

Doronicum Cinsinin Taksonomisi, Geleneksel Kullanımı ve Terapötik Önemi: Derleme

Öz

Asteraceae familyası 485’i endemik olmak üzere içerdiği 1311 tür ile ülkemiz florasında bulunan tür sayısı bakımından en zengin familyadır. Familyanın Senecioneae tribusunda yer alan Doronicum L. cinsi son verilere göre ülkemizde 9 tür ve 1 alt tür ile temsil edilmekte olup endemizm oranı %40’tır. Ülkemizde bulunan türlerin genellikle yayılış alanları dar olup çoğunlukla Kuzey ve Doğu Anadolu dağlarının nemli bölgelerinde yetişmektedirler. Cins üzerinde en son kapsamlı çalışmalar 2000’li yılların başında gerçekleştirilmiş olup türler üzerinde yapılan bazı morfolojik ve moleküler çalışmalarla cinsin sistematiği aydınlatılmaya çalışılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler sonucunda Türkiyede’de yer alan bazı türler sinonim seviyesine düşürülmüştür. Avrupa’da Doronicum türlerinden halk arasında kalp hastalıkların, epilepsi, malarya, sindirim sistemi hastalıkları ve akrep-yılan zehirlenmeleri gibi çeşitli hastalıkların tedavisinde yararlanılmaktadır. Ülkemizde D. orientale (Acımık, Baylıkotu, Kaplanotu, Sarı papatya, Sarı çiçek) türünün taze kökleri kısırlık tedavisinde kullanılırken, topraküstü kısımlarının dekoksiyonu dahilen diüretik olarak kullanılmaktadır. Ayrıca büyük ve gösterişli çiçeklerinden dolayı Avrupa’da süs bitkisi olarak yetiştirilmektedir. Doronicum türlerinin topraküstü kısımları ve kök ekstrelerinin pirolizidin alkaloidleri, flavonoitler, kumarinler, terpenler, benzofuranlar (tremeton türevleri) gibi bileşikler içerdiği birçok çalışma ile gösterilmiştir. Uçucu yağın içeriğinde ise seskiterpen ve monoterpene bileşikler öne çıkmaktadır. Günümüze kadar türler üzerinde antienflamatuar, antioksidan, antimikrobiyal, antitümoral, hepatoprotektif, üreaz inhibitör, α-amilaz inhibitör, α-glukozidaz inhibitor ve kolinesteraz inhibitör aktivite çalışmaları gerçekleştirilmiştir. Her ne kadar zehirli bitkiler olarak bilinseler de Doronicum türlerinin kanıtlanmış biyolojik aktiviteleri ve içerdikleri biyoaktif bileşikler ile bitkisel ilaç olarak kullanılabilecek aday molekülleri içerdikleri düşünülmektedir. Türler üzerinde gerçekleştirilecek ileri çalışmalar ile özellikle Alzheimer hastalığı ve çeşitli kanser türleri için tedaviyi destekleyecek yeni bileşiklerin keşfedilebileceği ümit edilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Asteraceae
• Alzheimer
• Doronicum
• Senecioneae
• taksonomi

Kaynakça

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