Research Article

Regioselective Esterification of Nitrophenol Isomers Catalyzed by Immobilized Candida rugosa and Porcine Pancreatic Lipases

Volume: 9 Number: 1 April 16, 2026
EN TR

Regioselective Esterification of Nitrophenol Isomers Catalyzed by Immobilized Candida rugosa and Porcine Pancreatic Lipases

Abstract

Regioselectivity of immobilized Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) and porcine pancreatic lipase on esterification of nitrophenol isomers (2-NP, 3-NP, 4-NP) with acetic acid in hexane was investigated. The optimal temperature, activation energy (Ea), and kinetic parameters (Vmax, KM) for each nitrophenol isomers were determined. When esterification activities were evaluated, the highest activities were observed for 3-NP and 4-NP for PPL and CRL, respectively. However, when nitrophenol isomer was 2-NP, both PPL and CRL showed the lowest esterification activity. In simultaneous esterification reactions where 2-NP 3-NP and 4-NP were used together, the regioselectivity tendency was the same, with 2-NP esterification being negligible after 6 hours reaction time. A multi-wavelength UV-Vis method was validated to quantify individual NPs in mixture samples with high accuracy. The study confirms the strong influence of substituent position on lipase activity and highlights the potential of immobilized lipases for regioselective biotransformations.

Keywords

Ethical Statement

Ethical approval is not applicable to this article.

References

  1. 1. Perrone, G.G., K.D. Barrow, and I.J. McFarlane, The selective enzymatic synthesis of lipophilic esters of swainsonine. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 1999. 7: p. 831-835. 2. Ozyilmaz, G. and E. Yağız, Isoamylacetate production by entrapped and covalently bound Candida rugosa and porcine pancreatic lipases. Food Chemistry, 2012. 135(4): p. 2326-2332. Doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.07.062 3. Ozyilmaz, G. and E. Yağız, Comparison of the performance of entrapped and covalently immobilized lipases in the synthesis of pear flavor ester. Turkish Journal of Biochemistry, 2017. 42(3): p. 339-347. Doi:10.1515/tjb-2016-0110 4. Al-Zuhair, S., et al., The effect of fatty acid concentration and water content on the production of biodiesel by lipase. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 2006. 30: p. 212-217. Doi:10.1016/j.bej.2006.04.007

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Structural Biology

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

April 16, 2026

Submission Date

February 10, 2026

Acceptance Date

April 14, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 9 Number: 1

APA
Ozyılmaz, G. (2026). Regioselective Esterification of Nitrophenol Isomers Catalyzed by Immobilized Candida rugosa and Porcine Pancreatic Lipases. International Journal of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, 9(1), 70-79. https://doi.org/10.38001/ijlsb.1885628
AMA
1.Ozyılmaz G. Regioselective Esterification of Nitrophenol Isomers Catalyzed by Immobilized Candida rugosa and Porcine Pancreatic Lipases. Int. J. Life Sci. Biotechnol. 2026;9(1):70-79. doi:10.38001/ijlsb.1885628
Chicago
Ozyılmaz, Gül. 2026. “Regioselective Esterification of Nitrophenol Isomers Catalyzed by Immobilized Candida Rugosa and Porcine Pancreatic Lipases”. International Journal of Life Sciences and Biotechnology 9 (1): 70-79. https://doi.org/10.38001/ijlsb.1885628.
EndNote
Ozyılmaz G (April 1, 2026) Regioselective Esterification of Nitrophenol Isomers Catalyzed by Immobilized Candida rugosa and Porcine Pancreatic Lipases. International Journal of Life Sciences and Biotechnology 9 1 70–79.
IEEE
[1]G. Ozyılmaz, “Regioselective Esterification of Nitrophenol Isomers Catalyzed by Immobilized Candida rugosa and Porcine Pancreatic Lipases”, Int. J. Life Sci. Biotechnol., vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 70–79, Apr. 2026, doi: 10.38001/ijlsb.1885628.
ISNAD
Ozyılmaz, Gül. “Regioselective Esterification of Nitrophenol Isomers Catalyzed by Immobilized Candida Rugosa and Porcine Pancreatic Lipases”. International Journal of Life Sciences and Biotechnology 9/1 (April 1, 2026): 70-79. https://doi.org/10.38001/ijlsb.1885628.
JAMA
1.Ozyılmaz G. Regioselective Esterification of Nitrophenol Isomers Catalyzed by Immobilized Candida rugosa and Porcine Pancreatic Lipases. Int. J. Life Sci. Biotechnol. 2026;9:70–79.
MLA
Ozyılmaz, Gül. “Regioselective Esterification of Nitrophenol Isomers Catalyzed by Immobilized Candida Rugosa and Porcine Pancreatic Lipases”. International Journal of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, vol. 9, no. 1, Apr. 2026, pp. 70-79, doi:10.38001/ijlsb.1885628.
Vancouver
1.Gül Ozyılmaz. Regioselective Esterification of Nitrophenol Isomers Catalyzed by Immobilized Candida rugosa and Porcine Pancreatic Lipases. Int. J. Life Sci. Biotechnol. 2026 Apr. 1;9(1):70-9. doi:10.38001/ijlsb.1885628



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