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Regioselective Esterification of Nitrophenol Isomers Catalyzed by Immobilized Candida rugosa and Porcine Pancreatic Lipases

Year 2026, Volume: 9 Issue: 1 , 312 - 320 , 16.04.2026
https://doi.org/10.38001/ijlsb.1885628
https://izlik.org/JA27DJ95ZD

Abstract

Regioselectivity of immobilized Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) and porcine pancreatic lipase on esterification of nitrophenol isomers (2-NP, 3-NP, 4-NP) with acetic acid in hexane was investigated. The optimal temperature, activation energy (Ea), and kinetic parameters (Vmax, KM) for each nitrophenol isomers were determined. When esterification activities were evaluated, the highest activities were observed for 3-NP and 4-NP for PPL and CRL, respectively. However, when nitrophenol isomer was 2-NP, both PPL and CRL showed the lowest esterification activity. In simultaneous esterification reactions where 2-NP 3-NP and 4-NP were used together, the regioselectivity tendency was the same, with 2-NP esterification being negligible after 6 hours reaction time. A multi-wavelength UV-Vis method was validated to quantify individual NPs in mixture samples with high accuracy. The study confirms the strong influence of substituent position on lipase activity and highlights the potential of immobilized lipases for regioselective biotransformations.

Ethical Statement

Ethical approval is not applicable to this article.

References

  • 1. Perrone, G.G., K.D. Barrow, and I.J. McFarlane, The selective enzymatic synthesis of lipophilic esters of swainsonine. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 1999. 7: p. 831-835. 2. Ozyilmaz, G. and E. Yağız, Isoamylacetate production by entrapped and covalently bound Candida rugosa and porcine pancreatic lipases. Food Chemistry, 2012. 135(4): p. 2326-2332. Doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.07.062 3. Ozyilmaz, G. and E. Yağız, Comparison of the performance of entrapped and covalently immobilized lipases in the synthesis of pear flavor ester. Turkish Journal of Biochemistry, 2017. 42(3): p. 339-347. Doi:10.1515/tjb-2016-0110 4. Al-Zuhair, S., et al., The effect of fatty acid concentration and water content on the production of biodiesel by lipase. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 2006. 30: p. 212-217. Doi:10.1016/j.bej.2006.04.007

İmmobilize Candida rugosa ve Domuz Pankreas Lipazları Tarafından Katalizlenen Nitrofenol İzomerlerinin Regioselektif Esterifikasyonu

Year 2026, Volume: 9 Issue: 1 , 312 - 320 , 16.04.2026
https://doi.org/10.38001/ijlsb.1885628
https://izlik.org/JA27DJ95ZD

Abstract

Heksan içinde asetik asit ile nitrofenol izomerlerinin (2-NP, 3-NP, 4-NP) esterleşmesinde immobilize Candida rugosa lipaz (CRL) ve domuz pankreas lipazının regioseçiciliği araştırılmıştır. Her bir nitrofenol izomeri için optimal sıcaklık, aktivasyon enerjisi (Ea) ve kinetik parametreler (Vmax, KM) belirlenmiştir. Esterleşme aktiviteleri değerlendirildiğinde, PPL ve CRL için sırasıyla 3-NP ve 4-NP'de en yüksek aktiviteler gözlemlenmiştir. Ancak, nitrofenol izomeri 2-NP olduğunda, hem PPL hem de CRL en düşük esterleşme aktivitesini göstermiştir. 2-NP, 3-NP ve 4-NP'nin birlikte kullanıldığı eşzamanlı esterleşme reaksiyonlarında, regioselektiflik eğiliminin aynı olduğu ve 6 saatlik reaksiyon süresinden sonra 2-NP'nin ihmal edilebilir düzeyde esterleşme reaksiyonu verdiği tespit edilmiştir. Karışım numunelerindeki her bir NPisomerini yüksek doğrulukla ölçmek için çok dalga boylu UV-Vis yöntemi doğrulandı. Çalışma, ikame pozisyonunun lipaz aktivitesi üzerindeki güçlü etkisini doğrulamakta ve bölgesel seçici biyotransformasyonlar için immobilize lipazların potansiyelini vurgulamaktadır.

Ethical Statement

akaleye etik onay uygulanmaz.

References

  • 1. Perrone, G.G., K.D. Barrow, and I.J. McFarlane, The selective enzymatic synthesis of lipophilic esters of swainsonine. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 1999. 7: p. 831-835. 2. Ozyilmaz, G. and E. Yağız, Isoamylacetate production by entrapped and covalently bound Candida rugosa and porcine pancreatic lipases. Food Chemistry, 2012. 135(4): p. 2326-2332. Doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.07.062 3. Ozyilmaz, G. and E. Yağız, Comparison of the performance of entrapped and covalently immobilized lipases in the synthesis of pear flavor ester. Turkish Journal of Biochemistry, 2017. 42(3): p. 339-347. Doi:10.1515/tjb-2016-0110 4. Al-Zuhair, S., et al., The effect of fatty acid concentration and water content on the production of biodiesel by lipase. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 2006. 30: p. 212-217. Doi:10.1016/j.bej.2006.04.007
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Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Structural Biology
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Gül Ozyılmaz 0000-0002-2373-6219

Submission Date February 10, 2026
Acceptance Date April 14, 2026
Publication Date April 16, 2026
DOI https://doi.org/10.38001/ijlsb.1885628
IZ https://izlik.org/JA27DJ95ZD
Published in Issue Year 2026 Volume: 9 Issue: 1

Cite

EndNote Ozyılmaz G (April 1, 2026) Regioselective Esterification of Nitrophenol Isomers Catalyzed by Immobilized Candida rugosa and Porcine Pancreatic Lipases. International Journal of Life Sciences and Biotechnology 9 1 312–320.



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