Kimyasal Tankerlerde Zaman Süreli Kiralamaya Göre Dedveyt Tonaj Aralığının Belirlenmesi

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 14, 195 - 213, 25.09.2023

Ozan Hikmet Arıcan

https://doi.org/10.29064/ijma.1320254

Abstract

Uluslararası taşımacılık birçok farklı modelle gerçekleştirilmektedir. Bu modeller arasında en büyük paya sahip olan taşımacılık türü deniz yolu taşımacılığıdır. Deniz yolu taşımacılığında farklı tiplerde gemiler bulunmaktadır. Bu gemi tipleri arasında tanker gemileri, yük taşıma alanlarını ve farklı yükleri alma kapasitelerini etkileyen çeşitli tonaj ve yapısal farklılıklara sahiptir. Kimyasal tanker tipi gemiler, denizcilik sektöründe sıklıkla tercih edilen bir tanker türüdür ve kullanımları ulusal ve uluslararası sularda hızla yaygınlaşmaktadır. Aktif olarak çalışan gemilerin belirli bir süre için kiralanması, denizcilik şirketleri ve armatörler tarafından yeni gemi inşası ve sahiplenme yerine tercih edilmektedir. Bu tercih artışı nedeniyle, kimyasal yük taşıması yapacak gemilerin tonajının önemli bir konu olduğu görülmüştür. Kimyasal tankerlerin zaman kiralama amacıyla seçiminde birçok farklı kriter ve yöntem kullanılmaktadır. Özellikle gemi seçim çalışmaları incelendiğinde, dedveyt tonajının (DWT) en yaygın kullanılan kriter olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu nedenle, bu çalışmada kimyasal tanker seçimi, özellikle tonajları temel alınarak zaman kiralama amacıyla en uygun gemi tonajının belirlenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Denizcilik sektöründe aktif görev yapan uzmanlar tarafından belirlenen beş önemli kriter üzerinden ELECTRE yöntemi kullanılarak, beş farklı tonaj aralığındaki kimyasal tanker tipi gemilerin zaman kiralama açısından en uygun tonajı belirlenmiştir. Analiz sonucunda, en uygun tonaj aralığının 1-10.000 DWT olduğu birinci sırada tercih edildiği tespit edilmiştir. İkinci tercih ise 15.001-20.000 DWT tonaj aralığında yapılmıştır. Bu çalışma sonucunda, uzun süreli kiralama yapacak denizcilik firmalarına ve kiracılara referans tonaj aralıkları önerilmektedir.

Keywords

Kimyasal Tanker, ELECTRE, Deniz İşletmeciliği, Tonaj Seçimi, Deniz Ulaşımı.

Determination of Dedweight Tonnage Range According to Time Charter in Chemical Tankers

Abstract

International transportation is carried out with many different models. The mode of transportation with the largest proportion of these models is known as the Seaway. There are different types of ships in maritime transport. The different tonnage diversity and structural differences of tanker ships, among these ship types, affect both cargo carrying areas and different cargoes. Chemical tanker ships are extensively utilized in the maritime industry, emerging as one of the foremost vessel types. The utilization of chemical tankers in domestic and international waters witnesses a steady rise. Rather than constructing and owning new ships, maritime enterprises and shipowners opt to lease actively operating vessels for a specific duration. This preference shift has underscored the significance of meticulous ship selection for transporting chemical cargoes, particularly considering tonnage. Various criteria and methodologies are employed to meticulously choose the most suitable chemical tankers for time charter contracts. Among these selection processes, extensive scrutiny of ship selection studies revealed that deadweight tonnage (DWT) stands as the most commonly employed criterion. For this reason, in this study, it is aimed to reveal the most ideal ship based on the chemical tanker selection, especially on the basis of their tonnage. With the ELECTRE method of chemical tanker type ships in 5 different tonnage ranges, the most ideal ship tonnage for time chartering was determined based on 5 important criteria determined by the experts working actively in the maritime field. According to the results of the analysis, the most ideal tonnage range was chosen as 1-10.000 DWT. The second tonnage preference was determined as 15.001-20.000 DWT. As a result of the study, reference tonnage ranges have been proposed to maritime companies and charterers that will make long-term charters.

Keywords

Chemical Tanker, ELECTRE, Maritime Management, Tonnage Selection, Maritime Transportation.

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