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LOCAL GOVERNMENTS IN THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA: LEGAL, STRUCTURAL AND FINANCIAL TRANSFORMATION

Year 2019, , 422 - 444, 01.04.2019
https://doi.org/10.17130/ijmeb.2019252103

Abstract

The Republic of Indonesia, is a country that attracts attention with administrative and political structure and distinctive features, gained its independence in 1949 and was later ruled by the military regime and the central government for many years. With constitutional and legal regulations made 50 years after independence, concrete steps have been taken towards localization in the country. Due to the Republic of Indonesia’s geographical structure consisting of fragmented islands, different forms of government are emerging in relation to local governments. For this reason, this study aimed to examine the effects of the changes in the legal arrangements made in relation to the local administrations in practice and to present the current situation. In this frame, many legal arrangements and four constitutional amendment in the last thirty years has resulted in the, rapid realization of local government reform, enacting special laws for some cities, steps towards democratization and fiscal decentralization and the high autonomy of local governments in terms of duties, authorities and services

References

  • Adiputri, R. D. (2015). Political culture in the Indonesian parliament analyzing parliamentary debates on the regional parliaments 1999-2009. Jyväskylä: Jyväskylä University Printing House.
  • Asian Human Rights Commission (AHRC) (2011). The state of human rights in Indonesia in 2011.
  • Amrizal. Faisal R. Budiman, G., & Pendastaren T. (2015). Asymmetric decentralization aceh; Governor consultation and consideration context on central government administrative policy. Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 20(9), 1-10.
  • Asrun, M. (2015). The crisis of judicial independence in Indonesia under soeharto era. Scientific Research Journal, 3(8).
  • Basri, H., & Nabiha, A. K. S. (2014). Accountability of local government: The case of aceh province, Indonesia. Asia Pacific Journal of Accounting and Finance, 3(1).
  • Bayar, S. (2011). Endonezya ülke raporu. T.C. Başbakanlık Dış Ticaret Müsteşarlığı İhracatı Geliştirme Etüd Merkezi, Ankara.
  • Benjamin L. R., & Robert P. (2009). Local organizations and urban governance in east and southeast Asia: straddling state and society. London and New York: Routledge.
  • Bey, Fachri (2008). Three most important features of Indonesian legal system that others should understand. IALS Conference, Learning from Each Other: Enriching the Law School Curriculum in an Interrelated World.
  • Blöndal, J. R., Hawkesworth, I., & Choi, H. D. (2009). Budgeting in Indonesia. OECD Journal on Budgeting, 2009/2.
  • Cahyat, A. (2011). Guidebook to local governments in Indonesia. Erişim Tarihi: 27.08.2018, https:// docplayer.net/35004669-Guidebook-to-local-governments-in-indonesia-by-ade-cahyat-m-pa. html.
  • Crouch, H. (2010). Political reform in Indonesia after soeharto. Institute of South East Asian Studies.
  • DEİK. Dış Ekonomik İlişkiler Kurulu (2014). Türk-Endonezya iş konseyi, Endonezya ülke bülteni, İstanbul.
  • Dispute Resolution Around the World: Indonesia (2009). Baker & McKenzie. Erişim Tarihi: 07.07.2018, https://www.bakermckenzie.com/-/media/files/insight/publications/2016/10/dratw/dratw_ indonesia_2009_updated.pdf?la=en.
  • Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia Endonezya Cumhuriyeti Resmi İnternet Sitesi. Erişim Tarihi: 02.01.2018, http://www.dpr.go.id.
  • Dixon, G., & Hakim, D. (2009). Making Indonesia’s budget decentralization work: The challenge of linking planning and budgeting at the local level. International Public Management Review, 10(1).
  • Eckardt, S., & Shah, A. (2006). Local government organization and finance: Indonesia. In Anwar Shah, (Eds.), Local Governance in Developing Countries. World Bank.
  • Eklöf, S. (1999). Indonesian politics in crisis: The long fall of suharto 1996–98. Nordic Institute of Asian Studies.
  • Frederick, W. H., & Worden, R. L. (2011). Indonesia a country study. Library of Congress, Federal Research Division.
  • Göksoy, İ. H. (1998). Bazı müslüman ülkelerin yönetim modeli, Endonezya ve Malezya örneği. İçinde Ö. Turan (ed..). İslâm ve Demokrasi, Ankara: TDV Yayınları.
  • Guinness, P. (2009). Kampung, islam and state in urban java. Nus Press: Singapore.
  • Haldenwang, C. V. (2015). The political cost of local revenue mobilisation: Decentralisation of the property tax in Indonesia. Bonn: German Development Institute.
  • Haldenwang, C. V., Elfert, A., Engelmann, T., Germain, S., Sahler, G. & Stanzel Ferreira, A. (2015). The devolution of the land and building tax in Indonesia. Bonn: German Development Institute.
  • İmga, O. (2003-2004). Endonezya’da siyaset: Bağımsızlık sonrası dönemde siyasi yaşam ve kurumlar. Dicle Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 8-9-10-11, 115-129.
  • Kayacıklı, T. (1978). Endonezya. İstanbul Ticaret Odası Ülke Etüdleri Dizisi No: 7, İstanbul: Hüsnütabiat Matbaası.
  • Lev, D. S. (1972). Judicial ınstitutions and legal culture in Indonesia. In C. Holt, (Eds.), Culture Politics in Indonesia. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press.
  • Lewis, B. D. (2006). Local government taxation: An analysis of administrative cost inefficiency. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 42(2), 213-233.
  • Mahfud, M. (2011) The constitutional court of the republic of Indonesia, separation of powers and independence of constitutional court in Indonesia. The 2nd Congress of the World Conference on Constitutional Justice, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
  • McCarthy, J. F. (2004). Changing to gray: Decentralization and the emergence of volatile socio-legal configurations in central kalimantan, Indonesia. Working Paper, 102, National Library of Australia.
  • Mutaqin, Z. Z. (2016). The strong state and pancasila: Reflecting human rights in the Indonesian democracy. Constitutional Review, 2(2), 159-188.
  • Nasution, A. (2016). Government decentralization program in Indonesia. Asian Development Bank Institute (ADBI) Working Paper Series, 601.
  • OECD (2006). Indonesia profile. Erişim Tarihi: 02.01.2018, https://www.oecd.org/regional/regional- policy/profile-Indonesia.pdf .
  • Pompe, S. (2005). The Indonesian supreme court: A study of institutional collapse. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press.
  • Prasetiammartati, B. (2013). Policy and Participatory local governance in Indonesia, Islamabad. Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2018, http://www.pk.undp.org/content/dam/pakistan/docs/Democratic%20 Governance/Federalism/International%20Conference%20Sept13/presentations/Day2/3rd%20 Ms.%20Budiati%20pdf.pdf.
  • Ritonga, I. T., Clark, C., & Wickremasinghe, G. (2012), Assessing financial condition of local government in Indonesia: An exploration. Public and Municipal Finance International Research Journal, 1(2), 37-51.
  • Rusmin, R., Astami, E. W., & Scully, G. (2014). Local government units in Indonesia: Demographic attributes and differences in financial condition. Australasian Accounting, Business and Finance Journal, 8(2), 88-109.
  • Sarsito, T., & Tiyanto, D. (2012). Between Dr. Ir. H. Sukarno and the Great Army General H. Muhammad Suharto. Southeast Asian Journal of Social and Political Issues, 1(2), 205-218.
  • Schulze, K. E. (2004). The free aceh movement (GAM): Anatomy of a separatist organization. East-West Center Washington.
  • Shah, A. & Qureshi, Z. (1994). Intergovernmental fiscal relations in Indonesia: Issuesand reform options. Washington, DC: World Bank.
  • Sherlock, S. (2007). Parliamentary indicators: Indonesia, house of representatives (DPR), house of regional representatives (DPD). Consultant To The World Bank Institute.
  • Skoufias, E., Narayan, A., Dasgupta, B., & Kaiser, K. (2014). Electoral accountability and local government spending in Indonesia. The World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, 6782.
  • Sobacı, M. Z., & Köseoğlu, Ö. (2016). Başkanlık sistemlerinde yerel yönetimler ABD, Brezilya, Şili, Endonezya ve Güney Kore. İstanbul: SETA Yayınları.
  • Suryahadi, A., Sumarto, S., & Pritchett, L. (2003). The evolution of poverty during the crisis in Indonesia. SMERU Working Paper Series.
  • Takeshi, I. (2006). The dynamics of local governance reform in decentralizing ındonesia: Participatory planning and village empowerment in bandung, west java. Asian and African Area Studies, 5(2), 137-183.
  • USAID United States Agency for International Development (2007). Good governance brief, local government financial management reform in Indonesia, challenges and opportunities, Washington, DC, USA.
  • Vatikiotis, M. R. J. (1997). Indonesian politics under suharto. London: Routledge.
  • World Bank (2007). Spending for development: Making the most of Indonesia’s new opportunities. Public Expenditure Review.
  • Yenigün, C., & Duran, S. (2010). Endonezya: Çatışmadan demokrasiye. Dünya Çatışmaları, 2.
  • Zainal, R. I. (2015). Mandated corporate social responsibility (csr) in Indonesia: Institutional and stakeholder perspectives. RMIT University, College of Business, School of Management, PHD Thesis.
  • http://www.mahkamahkonstitusi.go.id/
  • https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL
  • https://guruppkn.com/
  • https://guruppkn.com/pengertian-pemerintah-pusat

ENDONEZYA CUMHURİYETİ’NDE YEREL YÖNETİMLER: YASAL, YAPISAL VE MALİ DÖNÜŞÜM

Year 2019, , 422 - 444, 01.04.2019
https://doi.org/10.17130/ijmeb.2019252103

Abstract

Endonezya Cumhuriyeti 1949 yılında bağımsızlığını kazanan ancak sonrasında uzun yıllar askeri rejim altında ve merkeziyetçi bir yönetim anlayışı ile yönetilen, idari ve siyasi yapısı ve farklı özellikleriyle dikkat çeken bir ülkedir. Bağımsızlığından 50 yıl sonra yapılmış olan anayasal ve yasal düzenlemeler sonrasında ülkede yerelleşme yönünde somut adımlar atılmıştır. Endonezya Cumhuriyeti’nin parçalı adalardan oluşan coğrafi yapısı nedeniyle yerel yönetimler ile ilgili olarak farklı yönetim şekilleri ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu nedenle çalışmada yerel yönetimlere ilişkin olarak yapılan yasal düzenlemelerdeki değişikliklerin uygulamadaki etkilerinin incelenmesi ve mevcut durumun ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Bu çerçevede son otuz yılda 4 kez anayasa değişikliği ve birçok yasal düzenleme yapılarak; hızlı bir şekilde yerel yönetim reformu gerçekleştirildiği, bazı iller için özel kanunlar çıkarıldığı, demokratikleşme yönünde adımlar atılmaya çalışıldığı, görev, yetki ve hizmet açısından yerel yönetimlerin özerkliğinin yüksek olduğu ve mali yerelleşme adına önemli adımlar atıldığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

References

  • Adiputri, R. D. (2015). Political culture in the Indonesian parliament analyzing parliamentary debates on the regional parliaments 1999-2009. Jyväskylä: Jyväskylä University Printing House.
  • Asian Human Rights Commission (AHRC) (2011). The state of human rights in Indonesia in 2011.
  • Amrizal. Faisal R. Budiman, G., & Pendastaren T. (2015). Asymmetric decentralization aceh; Governor consultation and consideration context on central government administrative policy. Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 20(9), 1-10.
  • Asrun, M. (2015). The crisis of judicial independence in Indonesia under soeharto era. Scientific Research Journal, 3(8).
  • Basri, H., & Nabiha, A. K. S. (2014). Accountability of local government: The case of aceh province, Indonesia. Asia Pacific Journal of Accounting and Finance, 3(1).
  • Bayar, S. (2011). Endonezya ülke raporu. T.C. Başbakanlık Dış Ticaret Müsteşarlığı İhracatı Geliştirme Etüd Merkezi, Ankara.
  • Benjamin L. R., & Robert P. (2009). Local organizations and urban governance in east and southeast Asia: straddling state and society. London and New York: Routledge.
  • Bey, Fachri (2008). Three most important features of Indonesian legal system that others should understand. IALS Conference, Learning from Each Other: Enriching the Law School Curriculum in an Interrelated World.
  • Blöndal, J. R., Hawkesworth, I., & Choi, H. D. (2009). Budgeting in Indonesia. OECD Journal on Budgeting, 2009/2.
  • Cahyat, A. (2011). Guidebook to local governments in Indonesia. Erişim Tarihi: 27.08.2018, https:// docplayer.net/35004669-Guidebook-to-local-governments-in-indonesia-by-ade-cahyat-m-pa. html.
  • Crouch, H. (2010). Political reform in Indonesia after soeharto. Institute of South East Asian Studies.
  • DEİK. Dış Ekonomik İlişkiler Kurulu (2014). Türk-Endonezya iş konseyi, Endonezya ülke bülteni, İstanbul.
  • Dispute Resolution Around the World: Indonesia (2009). Baker & McKenzie. Erişim Tarihi: 07.07.2018, https://www.bakermckenzie.com/-/media/files/insight/publications/2016/10/dratw/dratw_ indonesia_2009_updated.pdf?la=en.
  • Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia Endonezya Cumhuriyeti Resmi İnternet Sitesi. Erişim Tarihi: 02.01.2018, http://www.dpr.go.id.
  • Dixon, G., & Hakim, D. (2009). Making Indonesia’s budget decentralization work: The challenge of linking planning and budgeting at the local level. International Public Management Review, 10(1).
  • Eckardt, S., & Shah, A. (2006). Local government organization and finance: Indonesia. In Anwar Shah, (Eds.), Local Governance in Developing Countries. World Bank.
  • Eklöf, S. (1999). Indonesian politics in crisis: The long fall of suharto 1996–98. Nordic Institute of Asian Studies.
  • Frederick, W. H., & Worden, R. L. (2011). Indonesia a country study. Library of Congress, Federal Research Division.
  • Göksoy, İ. H. (1998). Bazı müslüman ülkelerin yönetim modeli, Endonezya ve Malezya örneği. İçinde Ö. Turan (ed..). İslâm ve Demokrasi, Ankara: TDV Yayınları.
  • Guinness, P. (2009). Kampung, islam and state in urban java. Nus Press: Singapore.
  • Haldenwang, C. V. (2015). The political cost of local revenue mobilisation: Decentralisation of the property tax in Indonesia. Bonn: German Development Institute.
  • Haldenwang, C. V., Elfert, A., Engelmann, T., Germain, S., Sahler, G. & Stanzel Ferreira, A. (2015). The devolution of the land and building tax in Indonesia. Bonn: German Development Institute.
  • İmga, O. (2003-2004). Endonezya’da siyaset: Bağımsızlık sonrası dönemde siyasi yaşam ve kurumlar. Dicle Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 8-9-10-11, 115-129.
  • Kayacıklı, T. (1978). Endonezya. İstanbul Ticaret Odası Ülke Etüdleri Dizisi No: 7, İstanbul: Hüsnütabiat Matbaası.
  • Lev, D. S. (1972). Judicial ınstitutions and legal culture in Indonesia. In C. Holt, (Eds.), Culture Politics in Indonesia. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press.
  • Lewis, B. D. (2006). Local government taxation: An analysis of administrative cost inefficiency. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 42(2), 213-233.
  • Mahfud, M. (2011) The constitutional court of the republic of Indonesia, separation of powers and independence of constitutional court in Indonesia. The 2nd Congress of the World Conference on Constitutional Justice, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
  • McCarthy, J. F. (2004). Changing to gray: Decentralization and the emergence of volatile socio-legal configurations in central kalimantan, Indonesia. Working Paper, 102, National Library of Australia.
  • Mutaqin, Z. Z. (2016). The strong state and pancasila: Reflecting human rights in the Indonesian democracy. Constitutional Review, 2(2), 159-188.
  • Nasution, A. (2016). Government decentralization program in Indonesia. Asian Development Bank Institute (ADBI) Working Paper Series, 601.
  • OECD (2006). Indonesia profile. Erişim Tarihi: 02.01.2018, https://www.oecd.org/regional/regional- policy/profile-Indonesia.pdf .
  • Pompe, S. (2005). The Indonesian supreme court: A study of institutional collapse. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press.
  • Prasetiammartati, B. (2013). Policy and Participatory local governance in Indonesia, Islamabad. Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2018, http://www.pk.undp.org/content/dam/pakistan/docs/Democratic%20 Governance/Federalism/International%20Conference%20Sept13/presentations/Day2/3rd%20 Ms.%20Budiati%20pdf.pdf.
  • Ritonga, I. T., Clark, C., & Wickremasinghe, G. (2012), Assessing financial condition of local government in Indonesia: An exploration. Public and Municipal Finance International Research Journal, 1(2), 37-51.
  • Rusmin, R., Astami, E. W., & Scully, G. (2014). Local government units in Indonesia: Demographic attributes and differences in financial condition. Australasian Accounting, Business and Finance Journal, 8(2), 88-109.
  • Sarsito, T., & Tiyanto, D. (2012). Between Dr. Ir. H. Sukarno and the Great Army General H. Muhammad Suharto. Southeast Asian Journal of Social and Political Issues, 1(2), 205-218.
  • Schulze, K. E. (2004). The free aceh movement (GAM): Anatomy of a separatist organization. East-West Center Washington.
  • Shah, A. & Qureshi, Z. (1994). Intergovernmental fiscal relations in Indonesia: Issuesand reform options. Washington, DC: World Bank.
  • Sherlock, S. (2007). Parliamentary indicators: Indonesia, house of representatives (DPR), house of regional representatives (DPD). Consultant To The World Bank Institute.
  • Skoufias, E., Narayan, A., Dasgupta, B., & Kaiser, K. (2014). Electoral accountability and local government spending in Indonesia. The World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, 6782.
  • Sobacı, M. Z., & Köseoğlu, Ö. (2016). Başkanlık sistemlerinde yerel yönetimler ABD, Brezilya, Şili, Endonezya ve Güney Kore. İstanbul: SETA Yayınları.
  • Suryahadi, A., Sumarto, S., & Pritchett, L. (2003). The evolution of poverty during the crisis in Indonesia. SMERU Working Paper Series.
  • Takeshi, I. (2006). The dynamics of local governance reform in decentralizing ındonesia: Participatory planning and village empowerment in bandung, west java. Asian and African Area Studies, 5(2), 137-183.
  • USAID United States Agency for International Development (2007). Good governance brief, local government financial management reform in Indonesia, challenges and opportunities, Washington, DC, USA.
  • Vatikiotis, M. R. J. (1997). Indonesian politics under suharto. London: Routledge.
  • World Bank (2007). Spending for development: Making the most of Indonesia’s new opportunities. Public Expenditure Review.
  • Yenigün, C., & Duran, S. (2010). Endonezya: Çatışmadan demokrasiye. Dünya Çatışmaları, 2.
  • Zainal, R. I. (2015). Mandated corporate social responsibility (csr) in Indonesia: Institutional and stakeholder perspectives. RMIT University, College of Business, School of Management, PHD Thesis.
  • http://www.mahkamahkonstitusi.go.id/
  • https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL
  • https://guruppkn.com/
  • https://guruppkn.com/pengertian-pemerintah-pusat
There are 52 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Tuğçe Bayram This is me

Çiğdem Akman This is me

Publication Date April 1, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019

Cite

APA Bayram, T., & Akman, Ç. (2019). ENDONEZYA CUMHURİYETİ’NDE YEREL YÖNETİMLER: YASAL, YAPISAL VE MALİ DÖNÜŞÜM. Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat Ve İşletme Dergisi, 15(2), 422-444. https://doi.org/10.17130/ijmeb.2019252103