LOCAL GOVERNMENTS IN THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA: LEGAL, STRUCTURAL AND FINANCIAL TRANSFORMATION

Yıl 2019, , 422 - 444, 01.04.2019

Tuğçe Bayram Çiğdem Akman

https://doi.org/10.17130/ijmeb.2019252103

Öz

The Republic of Indonesia, is a country that attracts attention with administrative and political structure and distinctive features, gained its independence in 1949 and was later ruled by the military regime and the central government for many years. With constitutional and legal regulations made 50 years after independence, concrete steps have been taken towards localization in the country. Due to the Republic of Indonesia’s geographical structure consisting of fragmented islands, different forms of government are emerging in relation to local governments. For this reason, this study aimed to examine the effects of the changes in the legal arrangements made in relation to the local administrations in practice and to present the current situation. In this frame, many legal arrangements and four constitutional amendment in the last thirty years has resulted in the, rapid realization of local government reform, enacting special laws for some cities, steps towards democratization and fiscal decentralization and the high autonomy of local governments in terms of duties, authorities and services

Anahtar Kelimeler

Republic of Indonesia, Local Government, Decentralization

ENDONEZYA CUMHURİYETİ’NDE YEREL YÖNETİMLER: YASAL, YAPISAL VE MALİ DÖNÜŞÜM

Öz

Endonezya Cumhuriyeti 1949 yılında bağımsızlığını kazanan ancak sonrasında uzun yıllar askeri rejim altında ve merkeziyetçi bir yönetim anlayışı ile yönetilen, idari ve siyasi yapısı ve farklı özellikleriyle dikkat çeken bir ülkedir. Bağımsızlığından 50 yıl sonra yapılmış olan anayasal ve yasal düzenlemeler sonrasında ülkede yerelleşme yönünde somut adımlar atılmıştır. Endonezya Cumhuriyeti’nin parçalı adalardan oluşan coğrafi yapısı nedeniyle yerel yönetimler ile ilgili olarak farklı yönetim şekilleri ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu nedenle çalışmada yerel yönetimlere ilişkin olarak yapılan yasal düzenlemelerdeki değişikliklerin uygulamadaki etkilerinin incelenmesi ve mevcut durumun ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Bu çerçevede son otuz yılda 4 kez anayasa değişikliği ve birçok yasal düzenleme yapılarak; hızlı bir şekilde yerel yönetim reformu gerçekleştirildiği, bazı iller için özel kanunlar çıkarıldığı, demokratikleşme yönünde adımlar atılmaya çalışıldığı, görev, yetki ve hizmet açısından yerel yönetimlerin özerkliğinin yüksek olduğu ve mali yerelleşme adına önemli adımlar atıldığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Endonezya Cumhuriyeti, Yerel Yönetim, Yerelleşme

Kaynakça

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