DETERMINING THE FEATURES OF SMALL-SCALE TOURISM ENTERPRISES

Year 2016, , 159 - 173, 01.12.2016

Emine Kale

https://doi.org/10.17130/ijmeb.20163024230

Cited By: 4

Abstract

The study aims at determining the features of small-scale tourism enterprises. The study reveals information such as demographic features of tourism entrepreneurs, general information about enterprises, family-oriented goals and success in business. Data are gained via questionnaire technique. 126 small-scale tourism entrepreneurs fill in the questionnaire forms. Gained data are analyzed using frequencies, percentage, mean, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis H tests. The entrepreneurs start the business generally to utilize the opportunities, they are motivated by economic factors, they care about the image of their family and enterprise, they appreciate customer satisfaction, and the performance of their enterprise is good

Keywords

Tourism, Small-Scale Firms, Entrepreneurship

KÜÇÜK ÖLÇEKLİ TURİZM GİRİŞİMCİLİĞİNİN ÖZELLİKLERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ

Abstract

Bu çalışma, küçük ölçekli turizm girişimciliğinin özelliklerini belirleme amacını taşımaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda turizm girişimcilerinin demografik özellikleri, işletmelere ilişkin temel bilgiler, aileye yönelik amaçları, işletme başarısına yönelik bilgiler elde edilmiştir. Veriler anket tekniği kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Nevşehir İli Göreme Beldesinde yer alan 126 küçük ölçekli turizm girişimcisine anket uygulanmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen veriler; frekans, yüzde, aritmetik ortalama, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis H testleri kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Girişimcilerin genellikle fırsatları değerlendirmek için işe başladıkları, daha ziyade ekonomik unsurlarla güdülendikleri, işletme ve ailenin toplumsal imajını önemsedikleri, müşteri memnuniyetine değer verdikleri ve işletme performanslarının iyi olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır.

Keywords

Turizm, Küçük Ölçekli İşletmeler, Girişimcilik

References

• Aktaş, A. (1997). Turizm işletmelerinde yönetim. Anadolu Üniversitesi Yayını, Eskişehir.
• Ateljevic, J. & Page, S. (2009). Introduction. In J. Ateljevic & S. Page (Eds) Tourism and Entrepreneurship: International Perspectives. Oxford, Butterworth-Heinemann: 1-6.
• Ateljevic, J., & Doorne, S. (2000). Lifestyle entrepreneurship in tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism & Hospitality Research, 8(5), 378-392.
• Avcikurt, C. (2003). Auditing managerial training needs of Turkish small and medium-sized hotel enterprises. Managerial Auditing Journal, 18 (5), 399-404.
• Barr, T. (1990). From Quirky Islanders to entrepreneurial magnates:The transition of the whitsundays. Journal of Tourism Studies 1 (2), 26–32.
• Bozkurt, Ö., Kalkan, A., Koyuncu, O., & Alparslan, A. (2012). Türkiye’de girişimciliğin gelişimi: Girişimciler üzerine nitel bir araştırma. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 15: 229-247.
• Buhalis, D., & Main, H. (1998). Information technology in peripheral small and medium hospitality enterprises: Strategic analysis and critical factors. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 10 (5), 198–202.
• Cederholm, E. A., & Hultman, J. (2010). The value of intimacy – negotiating commercial relationships in lifestyle entrepreneurship. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 10 (1), 16-20.
• Erdem, B., Gökdeniz A. & Met, Ö. (2011). Yenilikçilik ve işletme performansı ilişkisi, Antalya’da etkinlik gösteren 5 yıldızlı otel işletmeleri örneği. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 26, (2), 77-112.
• Getz, D. & Carlsen, J. (2000). Characteristics and goals of family and owner-operated businesses in the rural tourism and hospitality sectors. Tourism Management, 21(6), 547-560.
• Getz, D. & Petersen, T. (2005). Growth and profit oriented entrepreneurship among family business owners in the tourism and hospitality industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 24(2), 219-242.
• Glancey, K. & Pettigrew, M. (1997). Entrepreneurship in the small hotel sector. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 9(1), 21-24.
• Gomez-Velasco M. & Saleilles, S. (2007). The local embeddedness of lifestyle entrepreneur: An exploratory study. Interdisciplinary European Conference on Entrepreneurship Research, Montpellier, France
• Hjalager, A. (2010). A review of innovation research in tourism. Tourism Management 31, 1–12.
• Hollick, M., & Braun, P. (2005). Lifestyle entrepreneurship: The unusual nature of the tourism entrepreneur. Proceedings of the Second Annual AGSE International Entrepreneurship Research Exchange, Swinburne Press, Melbourne, 10-11 February.
• Ingram, A., Jamieson, R., Lynch, P., & Bent, R., (2000). Questioning the impact of the ‘graduatization’ of the managerial labour force upon the management of human resources in the Scottich hotel ındustry. Journal of Consumer Studies and Home Economics 24 (4), 212–222.
• Ioannides, D. & Petersen, T. (2003). Tourism ‘non-entrepreneurship’ in peripheral destinations: A case study of small and medium tourism enterprises on Bornholm, Denmark. Tourism Geographies, 5(4), 408-435.
• İlhan, S. (2005). Bazı değişkenler açısından Elazığ’da girişimci profili. Fırat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 15(1), 217-248.
• Jaafar, M., Maideen, A. J. & Sukarno, S. Z. M. (2010). Entrepreneurial characteristics of small and medium hotel owner-managers. World Applied Sciences Journal 10 (Special Issue of Tourism & Hospitality): 54-62.
• Jaafar, M., Abdul-Aziz, A.R., Maideen, S. A., & Mohd, S. Z. (2011). Entrepreneurship in the tourism industry: Issues in developing countries. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 30 (4), 827-835.
• Karadeniz, E., Yılmaz Ö. (2009). Entrepreneurial activities in Turkey: An international comparasion using gem data. Boğaziçi Journal, 3 (1-2),19-36.
• Koster, S., Markantoni, M. & Stkijker, D. (2009). Side activity entrepreneur: Lifestyle or economic oriented? The 12 th Uddevalla Symposium, Bari İtaly,11-13 June
• Lardies, R. (1999). Migration and tourism entrepreneurship: North-European ımmigrants in Cataluna and Languedoc. International Journal of Population Geography, 5, 477-491
• Lashley, C., & Rowson, B. (2010). Lifestyle businesses: Insights into Blackpool’s hotel sector. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 29(3),511-519.
• Lerner, M. & Haber, S., (2000). Performance factors of small tourism ventures: The interface of tourism, entrepreneurship and the environment. Journal of Business Venturing 16(1), 77–100.
• Li, L. (2008). A review of entrepreneurship research published in the hospitality and tourism management journals. Tourism Management 29 (5): 1013-1022.
• Marchant, B. (2010). The case of lifestyle entrepreneurs in Ireland; An examination of surf tourism entrepreneurs in Bundoran and Lahinch. Tourism and Hospitality Research in Ireland Conference, 15-16 June 2010
• Marcketti, S. B., Niehm, L. S., & Fuloria, L. (2006). An exploratory study of lifestyle entrepreneurship and ıts relationship to life quality. Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal, 34 (3), 241-259.
• McKercher, B. (1999). A chaos approach to tourism. Tourism Management. 20, 425-434.
• Morrison, A. (2002). Guest houses and small hotels. In Jones, P. (Ed.), Introduction to Hospitality Operations. (pp.87-102). London: YHT ltd.
• Morrison, A., & Teixeira, R. (2004). Small business performance: A UK tourism sectors focus. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 11 (2), 166-173.
• Morrison, A., Carlsen, J., & Weber, P. (2008). Lifestyle oriented small tourism [Lost] firms and tourism destination development. CAUTHE 2008 Conference
• Mottiar, Z. (2007). Lifestyle entrepreneurs and spheres of inter-firm relations. Entrepreneurship and Innovation 8(1), 67-74.
• Peters, M., Freshe, J. & Buhalis D. (2009). The importance of lifestyle entrepreneurship: A conceptual study of the tourism ındustry. PASOS, 7(3), 393-407.
• Reid, R., Dunn, B., Cromie, S. & Adams, J. (1999). Family orientation in family firms: A model and some empirical evidence. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 6(1), 55-67.
• Reynolds, W., Williams, A. J., & Savage, W. (2000). Your own business: A practical guide to success. Thomas Nelson, Melbourne.
• Russell, R. & Faulkner, B. (2004). Entrepreneurship, chaos and the tourism area lifecycle. Annals of Tourism Research, 31(3),556–579.
• Schroeder, T. (2003). Background and motivations of resource-based tourism operators in the Northern Great Plains: a Qualitative Study. www.und.edu/instruct/tschroed/nattour1. pdf
• Shaw, G. & Williams, A. (2004). From lifestyle consumption to lifestyle production: Changing patterns of tourism entrepreneurship. In R. Thomas (Ed), Small Firms in Tourism: International Perspective (pp. 99-113). Oxford: Elsevier.
• Shaw, G., & Williams, A. (1998). Entrepreneurship, small business, culture and tourism development. In D. Ioannides, K. Debbage (Eds) The Economic Geography of the Tourist Industry: A Supply-Side Analysis (pp. 235-255). London: Routledge.
• Skokic, V., & Morrison, A. (2011). Tourism and hospitality entrepreneurship, social setting and research methodology: Moving ‘into the beyond’ In Contemporary Trends in Tourism and Hospitality Research. Goodfellow Publishers.
• Szivas, E. (2001). Entrance into tourism entrepreneurship: A UK case study. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 3 (2), 173-172.
• Thomas, R. (2000). Small firms in the tourism ındustry: Some conceptual ıssues, International Journal of Tourism Research, 2, 345- 353.
• Tregear, A. Angela (2005). Lifestyle, growth, or community ınvolvement? The balance of goals of UK artisan food producers. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 17(1), 1-15.
• Williams, C.E. & Tse, E.C.Y. (1995). The relationship between strategy and entrepreneurship: The US restaurant sector. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 7(1), 22-26.
• http://www.ktbyatirimisletmeler.gov.tr/TR,9851/turizm-istatistikleri.html