Energy Supply Security Performance Analysis of European Union Countries

Year 2025, Volume: 21 Issue: 3, 833 - 861, 30.09.2025

Yunus Emre Birol

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the energy supply security performance of EU member countries. COPRAS, a multi-criteria decision making technique, was used to rank EU countries from low to high risk in terms of energy supply security performance. Various criteria were determined to compare the energy supply security performance of 27 EU countries for the years 2020, 2021, and 2022. The criteria used in the study are; energy imports dependency, diversity index of energy supply, share of energy from renewable sources, share of fossil fuels in gross available energy, energy intensity, energy productivity, and energy efficiency. The analysis performed reveals a relative rank compared to the member countries, not an absolute rank. Estonia has the highest energy supply security performance compared to other EU member countries in all of these years. Other countries with high energy supply security performance are Sweden, Latvia, Romania, Denmark, and Slovenia. The countries with the lowest energy supply security performance are Malta, Greece, Belgium, Italy, the Netherlands, Lithuania, Spain, the Greek Cypriot Administration of Southern Cyprus, and Ireland. According to empirical findings, the energy supply security performance rankings for 2020, 2021, and 2022 are generally similar.

Keywords

European Union , Energy Supply Security , Multi-Criteria Decision Making , COPRAS

AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ ÜLKELERİNİN ENERJİ ARZ GÜVENLİĞİ PERFORMANS ANALİZİ

Abstract

Bu çalışmada AB üyesi ülkelerin enerji arz güvenliği performansının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. AB ülkelerinin enerji arz güvenliği performansı açısından düşük riskten yüksek riske doğru sıralanabilmesi amacıyla çok kriterli karar verme tekniği olan COPRAS kullanılmıştır. 2020, 2021 ve 2022 yılları için 27 AB ülkesinin enerji arz güvenliği performansının karşılaştırılması amacıyla çeşitli kriterler belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada kullanılan kriterler; ithal enerji bağımlılığı, enerji arz çeşitliliği, yenilenebilir enerjinin payı, fosil yakıtların payı, enerji yoğunluğu, enerjinin üretkenliği ve enerji verimliliğidir. Yapılan analiz, ülkeler için mutlak değil üye ülkelere kıyasla nispi bir sıra ortaya koymaktadır. Söz konusu yılların tamamında diğer AB üyesi ülkelere kıyasla enerji arz güvenliği performansı en yüksek ülke Estonya olmuştur. Estonya’nın ardından enerji arz güvenliği performansı yüksek olan diğer ülkeler; İsveç, Letonya Romanya, Danimarka ve Slovenya’dır. Enerji arz güvenliği performansı en düşük olan ülkeler ise Malta, Yunanistan, Belçika, İtalya, Hollanda, Litvanya, İspanya, Güney Kıbrıs Rum Yönetimi ve İrlanda’dır. Ampirik bulgulara göre 2020, 2021 ve 2022 yılları için yapılan enerji arz güvenliği performans sıralamaları genel olarak benzemektedir.

Keywords

Avrupa Birliği , Enerji Arz Güvenliği , Çok Kriterli Karar Verme , COPRAS

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