Changes of refractive indices for Ethanol + Water + (Ethyl Acetate or 1-Pentanol) at 298.15 K

Year 2017, Volume: 20 Issue: 3, 174 - 181, 01.09.2017

Rebecca S. Andrade Cristina González Miguel Iglesias

https://doi.org/10.5541/eoguijt.310389

Cited By: 2

Abstract

Analysis of different thermodynamic properties as refractive index in
multicomponent systems provides valuable information about mixing
characteristics in complex media. In this work, the refractive index of the
ternary mixtures ethanol + water + (ethyl acetate or 1-pentanol) at 298.15 K
and atmospheric pressure, has been measured over the whole concentration range,
due to the importance of the latest compounds (ethyl acetate and 1-pentanol) as
main trace chemicals in distillated liquors. The obtained experimental values
indicate varying extent of interstitial accommodation among unlike molecules on
mixing, the steric hindrance of the alkyl chains of ethyl acetate or 1-pentanol
being the key factor. Because of the high accuracy technology for refractive
index measurements, numerous theoretical/empirical models have been developed
in the last few years. An adequate agreement between the measured and predicted
values was showed by the tested methods, despite the high non-ideal trend of
the studied ternary mixtures.

Keywords

Refractive index, complex mixture, prediction, density

References

• M. Gaiser, G. M. Bell, A. W. Lim, N. A. Roberts, D. B. F. Faraday, R. A. Schulz, R. Crob, “Computer simulation of a continuous whisky still,” J. Food Eng., 51, 27-31, 2002.
• C. A. Faúndez, J. O. Valderrama, V. H. Alvarez, “Phase equilibrium in binary aqueous mixtures of interest in alcoholic distillation using a modified PSRK equation of state,” J. Phase Eq. and Diffusion, 25, 230-236, 2004.
• C. A. Faúndez, J. O. Valderrama, “Phase equilibrium modeling in binary mistures found in wine and must distillation,” J. Food Eng., 63, 577-583, 2004.
• O. Perez, L. Zumalacarregui, O. Gozá, “Simplificaciones en el cálculo de columnas de destilación alcohólica,” Inf. Tecnol., 21, 103-112, 2010.
• J. Sacher, L. García-Llobodanin, F. López, H. Segura, J. R. Pérez-Correa, “Dynamic modeling and simulation of an alembic pear wine distillation,” Food Bioprod. Process., 91, 447-456, 2013.
• C. A. Faúndez, G. A. Ramírez, J. O. Valderrama, “Thermodynamic consistency of low pressure equilibrium data of water+congener mixtures using a versatile equation of state,” J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng., 68, 15-22, 2016.
• J. M. Resa, C. Gonzalez, J. M. Goenaga, M. Iglesias, “Density, refractive index, and speed of sound at 298.15 K and vapor-liquid equilibria at 101.3 kPa for binary mixtures of ethyl acetate+1-pentanol and ethanol+2-methyl-1-propanol,” J. Chem. Eng. Data, 49, 804-808, 2004.
• J. M. Resa, C. Gonzalez, J. M. Goenaga, M. Iglesias, “Temperature dependence of excess molar volumes of ethanol+water+ethyl acetate,” J. Solution Chem., 33, 169-198, 2004.
• J. M. Resa, C. Gonzalez, J. M. Goenaga, M. Iglesias, “Influence of temperature on volumetric properties of ethanol+water+1-pentanol,” J. Serb. Chem. Soc., 69, 1073-1097, 2004.
• J. M. Resa, C. Gonzalez, J. M. Goenaga, M. Iglesias, “Influence of temperature on ultrasonic velocity measurements of ethanol+water+ethyl acetate mixtures,” Phys. Chem. Liq., 43, 065-089, 2005.
• J. M. Resa, J. M. Goenaga, J. Lanz, M. Iglesias, “Vapor-liquid equilibrium of binary mixtures containing ethyl acetate+2-methyl-1-propanol and ethyl acetate+2-methyl-1-butanol at 101.3 kPa,” J. Chem. Eng. Data, 51, 595-598, 2006.
• J. M. Goenaga, R. Gonzalez-Olmos, M. Iglesias, J. M. Resa, “Measurement and modelling of phase equilibria for ethanol+water+1-pentanol at isobaric condition,” Korean J. Chem. Eng., 23, 631-637, 2006.
• R. Gonzalez-Olmos, M. Iglesias, J. M. Goenaga, J. M. Resa, “Phase equilibria for ethanol+water+2-propanol at isobaric condition,” Phys. Chem. Liq., 45 683-694, 2007.
• S. M. Barros, R. S. Andrade, M. Iglesias. “Thermodynamics of ethanol+water+2-propanol mixture at the range of temperature 288.15-323.15 K,” Int. J. Thermodyn. (Submitted for publication)
• A. Z. Tasic, B. D. Djordjevic, D. K. Grozdanic, “Use of mixing rules in predicting refractive indices and specific refractivities for some binary liquid mixtures,” J. Chem. Eng. Data, 37, 310-313, 1992.
• C. J. F. Bottcher, Theory of Electric Polarization, Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1952.
• S. S. Kurtz Jr., A. L. Ward, “Refractivity intercept and the specific refraction equation of Newton: I. Development of the refractivity intercept and comparison with specific-refraction equations,” J. Franklin Inst., 222, 563-592, 1936.
• G. Oster, “The scattering of light and its applications to chemistry,” Chem. Rev., 43, 319-365, 1948.
• H. Eyring, M. S. John, Significant Liquid Structures, New York: Interscience; 1969.
• M. Iglesias, B. Orge, M. Dominguez, J. Tojo, “Mixing properties of the binary mixtures of acetone, methanol, ethanol, and 2-butanone at 298.15 K,” Phys. Chem. Liq., 37, 9-29, 1998.
• TRC Thermodynamic Tables, Thermodynamic Research Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 1994.
• J. A. Riddick, W. B. Bunger, T. K. Sakano, Organic Solvents, Techniques of Chemistry, 4th ed., Vol. 2, ed., New York-Wiley-Interscience, 1986.
• A. K. Nain, P. Droliya, R. K. Manchanda, A. Khurana, D. Nayak. “Physicochemical studies of extremely diluted solutions (homoeopathic formulations) of sulphur in ethanol by using volumetric, acoustic, viscometric and refractive index measurements at different temperatures.” J. Mol. Liq., 211, 1082-1094, 2015.
• R. K. Ameta, M. Singh, R. K. Kale, “Comparative study of density, sound velocity and refractive index for (water+ alkali metal) phosphates aqueous systems at T=(298.15, 303.15, and 308.15) K,” J. Chem. Thermodyn., 60, 159-168, 2013.
• V. H. Alvarez, S. Mattedi, M. Aznar, “Density, refraction index and vapor–liquid equilibria of N-methyl-2-hydroxyethylammonium butyrate plus (methyl acetate or ethyl acetate or propyl acetate) at several temperatures,” J. Chem. Thermodyn., 62, 130-141, 2015.
• M. S. Reddy, I. Khan, K. T. S. Raju, P. Suresh, B. H. Babu, “The study of molecular interactions in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethane sulfonate+ 1-pentanol from density, speed of sound and refractive index measurements,” J. Chem. Thermodyn., 98, 298-308, 2016.
• J. M. Goenaga, A. Gayol, R. G. Concha, M. Iglesias, J. M. Resa, “Effect of temperature on thermophysical properties of ethanol + aliphatic alcohols (C4–C5) mixtures,” Monatsh. Chem., 138, 403-436, 2007.
• R. S. Andrade, M. Iglesias, “Effect of temperature on mixing properties of ethanol+polar solvents systems,” J. Thermal Anal. and Calorimetry. (Submitted for publication)
• I. Cibulka, “Estimation of excess volume and density of ternary liquid mixtures of non-electrolytes from binary data,” Coll. Czech. Comm., 47, 1414-1419, 1982.
• F. Kohler, “Zur berechnung der thermodynamischen daten eines ternaren systems aus den zugehorigen binaren systemen,” Monatsh. Chem., 91, 738-740, 1960.
• K. T. Jacob, K. Fitzner, “The estimation of the thermodynamic properties of ternary alloys from binary data using the shortest distance composition path,” Thermochim. Acta, 18, 197-206, 1977.
• C. Colinet, Thesis, University of Grenoble, France, 1967.
• C. C. Tsao, J. M. Smith, “Heat of mixing of liquids,” Chem. Eng. Prog. Symp. Series, 49, 107-111, 1953.
• G. Scatchard, L. B. Ticknor, J. R. Goates, E. R. McCartney, “Heats of mixing in some non-electrolyte solutions,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 74, 3721-3724, 1952.
• G. W. Toop, “Predicting ternary activities using binary data,” Trans. TMS-AIME, 223, 850- 855, 1965.
• A. R. Mathieson, J. C. J. Thynne, Thermodynamics of hydrocarbon mixtures. Part II. The heats of mixing of the binary mixtures formed by benzene, cyclohexane, n-heptane, toluene, and n-hexane,” J. Chem. Soc., 00, 3708-3713, 1956.
• M. Hillert, “Empirical methods of predicting and representing thermodynamic properties of ternary solution phases,” Calphad, 4, 1-12, 1980.
• J. B. Knobeloch, C. E. Schwartz, “Heats of mixing of ternary system: sulfuric acid-phosphoric acid-water,” J. Chem. Eng. Data, 7, 386-387, 1962.
• E. L. Arancibia, M. Katz, “Relationship between excess molar volume and refractive index in binary non-electrolyte mixtures,” Phys. Chem. Liq., 26, 107-112, 1993.
• M. Nakata, M. Sakurai, “Refractive index and excess volume for binary liquid mixtures. Part 1.-Analyses of new and old data for binary mixtures,” J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. I., 83, 2449-2457, 1987.