Su/Atıksuda Ağır Metal Giderimi için Adsorption Tekniğine Genel Bir Bakış: Önemli Bir İnceleme

Year 2017, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 10 - 19, 28.12.2017

Muharrem Ince Olcay Kaplan İnce

https://doi.org/10.29132/ijpas.358199

Cited By: 87

Abstract

Çevredeki ağır metal kirliliği ve insan sağlığına
etkileri en önemli konulardır. Su kalitesinin sürekli bozulması ve kirlenmenin
devam etmesi nedeniyle, bilim adamları tarafından gözlemlenmekte ve endişe
edilmektedir. Son zamanlarda, çeşitli yöntemler kullanarak ağır metallerin
su/atık sudan uzaklaştırılması kapsamlı bir şekilde incelenmektedir. Geleneksel
teknolojilerde, ağır metal uzaklaştırması/su kalitesinin iyileştirilmesi,
kullanılan yenilenemez malzemeler ve yüksek maliyetler nedeniyle pahalıdır.
Adsorpsiyon prosesleri bu amaçla birçok araştırmacı tarafından yaygın bir
şekilde yürütülmektedir ve absorban olarak sıklıkla çeşitli malzemeler kullanılmaktadır.
Kararlılık, yararlılık, düşük maliyet, kullanım kolaylığı ve performans gibi
önemli avantajlardan dolayı adsorpsiyonun arıtma için etkili bir yöntem olduğu
kanıtlanmıştır. Adsorpsiyon teknolojisi, ağır metal iyonu konsantrasyonlarını
çok düşük seviyelere düşürdüğünden ve biyoadsorbanlar, killer, aktif karbonlar,
zeolitler, metal oksitler gibi düşük maliyetli adsorban materyallerin
kullanılması nedeniyle büyük avantajlara sahiptir. Adsorban materyali üzerine
metalin adsorpsiyonu, özellikle de tarımsal atıklara metal adsorpsiyonu,
çeşitli faktörler tarafından kontrol edilen oldukça karmaşık bir süreçtir. Bu
işlem, kompleksleşme, kimyasal adsorpsiyon, yüzey ve gözeneklerde
adsorpsiyon-kompleksleşme, ağır metal hidroksit yoğunlaşması, mikro çökelme,
iyon değişimi içerir. Adsorpsiyon işlemi için biyolojik materyal
kullanıldığında hidroksil, karboksil, sülfidril ve amido gibi bazı fonksiyonel
gruplar sudaki metal iyonlarını tutarlar. Bu makale, sudan/atıksudan ağır metal
gideriminde kullanılan adsorban materyalleri ve bu tekniğin avantajlarını
değerlendirir. Burada, muz kabuğu, keven, kestane kabuğu gibi biyoadsorbanlar
ve kilinde içinde bulunduğu doğal adsorbanlar, karbon nanomalzemeleri,
zeolitler, metal oksitler gibi bazı yapay malzemelerin adsorban olarak As(V),
Pb(II), Cd(II), Cr(VI), Th(IV) ve Eu(III) gibi farklı ağır metal iyonlarının
sudan/atık sudan giderilmesi incelenmektedir.

Keywords

Adsorban, adsorpsiyon prosesi, ağır metal, su/atık su

An Overview of Adsorption Technique for Heavy Metal Removal from Water/Wastewater: A Critical Review

Abstract

Heavy metal pollution in the environment and effects on human health is within
the most important issues. Because of continuous
deterioration of water quality and persisting contamination level it has been
observed and concerned by the scientists. Recently, to remove heavy
metals from water/wastewater using various methods has been extensively studied.
In conventional technologies, heavy metal
removal/remediation is provided expensive because of non-regenerable materials
used and high costs. Adsorption processes are being widely performed by several
researchers for this purpose and various materials have been frequently used as
adsorbent. It has been proved that adsorption is an effective method for
purification, because of significant advantages including stability, utility, low-cost,
ease of operation and performance. As adsorption technology is reduce the heavy
metal ions concentrations to very low levels and because of using various
low-cost adsorbent materials including biosorbents, clays, activated carbons,
zeolites, metal oxides, it has major advantages. Metal adsorption onto
adsorbent material, especially on agricultural wastes is a rather complex process
because it is controlled by various factors. This process includes
complexation, chemisorption, adsorption-complexation on surface and pores, micro
precipitation, ion exchange. When used biological materials for adsorption
process, some functional groups including sulphydryl, amido, hydroxyl and carboxyl,
attach metal ions from water. This paper reviews the available adsorbent materials
that have been used to heavy metal removal from water/wastewater and evaluates
this technique advantages. Herein, the biosorbents
such as banana peel, astragalus, chestnut sheel, natural adsorbents including
clay also some artificial materials, like carbon-nanomaterials, zeolites, metal
oxides, are reviewed as adsorbent materials for removal of different heavy
metal ions like As(V), Pb(II), Cd(II), Cr(VI), Th(IV) and Eu(III) from water/wastewater.

Keywords

Adsorbent, adsorption processes, heavy metal, water/wastewate

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