Will the Gandhian Non-Violence Produce Nonviolence Peacekeeping: From Shanti Sena (Peace Army) to the Islamic Nonviolence

Year 2020, Volume: 2 Issue: 5, 71 - 93, 01.10.2020

Sezai Ozcelik

Abstract

The improvement of global security and world peace is the raison d’etre of the United Nations. The concept of multilateral peacekeeping has been practiced by the UN over the last eighty-five years. The peacekeeping operations have three main objectives: collective security, preventive diplomacy, and peaceful settlement of international conflicts. The idea of creating an international nonviolence “peace army” can be traced to the Shanti Sena (Gandhian peace brigade). The members of the Shanti Sena used nonviolent unarmed tools not kill but die for their peacekeeping duties. The present study aims to shed light on the evolution of nonviolent peacekeeping ideas and present some examples in the post-Cold War conflicts.
In the post-Covid-19 world, it is possible to refrain from the threat or actual use of force and replace it with unarmed civilian peacekeeping. Nonviolent peacekeeping may employ some Western (relationships, influence, advocacy, solidarity) and Islamic (sabr (patience), Hijra (exodus), fasting, umma (community), sulha (reconciliation) cultural and traditional principles and commitments. With the help of social media, citizens may become a central force for pro-democracy and anti-dictatorship movements with the emphasis of nonviolence for preventing escalation of violence and conflict early warning, and early response. 

Keywords

Peacekeeping, Nonviolence, Collective Security, Shanti Sena (Peace Army)

Will the Gandhian Non-Violence Produce Nonviolence Peacekeeping: From Shanti Sena (Peace Army) to the Islamic Nonviolence

Abstract

Küresel güvenlik ve dünya barışı alanlarında ilerleme sağlamak Birleşmiş Milletler (BM)’in varoluş sebebidir. Çok uluslu barış gücü kavramı, BM tarafından son seksen beş yıldır uygulanmaktadır. Barış gücü operasyonlarının üç ana amacı vardır: Ortak güvenlik, önleyici diplomasi ve uluslararası çatışmaların barışçıl yollarla çözümü. Uluslararası şiddetsizik “barış ordusu” yaratma fikri Shanti Sena’ya (Gandiyan barış tugayları) kadar uzanmaktadır. Shanti Sena üyeleri şiddetsiz ve silahsız araçları kullanarak öldürmek için değil barış gücü ile ilgili görevlerini yerine getirmek için ölmeyi göze alarak görev yapmışlardır. Bu çalışma şiddetsiz barış gücü fikrinin evrilme aşamalarını açıklamak ve Soğuk Savaş çatışmalarında şiddetsiz barış gücü örneklerini sunmayı amaçlamaktadır.
COVID-19 sonrası dünyada, güç kullanma ya da güç kullanma tehdidi yerine silahsız ve sivil barış gücünün gelmesi mümkün gözükmektedir. Şiddetsiz barış gücü bazı Batıcı (ilişkiler, etki, savunuculuk, dayanışma) kavramlar yanında sabır, hicret, oruç tutma, ümmet, sulh gibi İslami kültürel ve geleneksel ilkeler ve uygulamaları da kullanabilir. Sosyal medya yardımıyla vatandaşların demokrasi yanlısı ve anti-diktatörlük hareketlerde merkezi güç olabilirler. Bunu yaparken çatışmalara karşı erken uyarı ve erken müdahale teknikleri ve şiddetsizliğe vurgu yapılarak çatışmaların tırmanışa geçmesine engel olunabilir. 

Keywords

PEACEKEEPING, NONVIOLENCE, COLLECTİVE SECURITY

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