Forensic Identification in Disasters and Genetic Approaches

Abstract

Disasters are sudden events that cause great damage, loss, or destruction. The most challenging phase of a mass disaster is the identification process. Fingerprint examination, dental analysis and deoxyribonucleic acid analysis are three gold standard identification methods. Deoxyribonucleic acid analysis obtained from forensic biological materials provides strong evidence in the identification besides having some disadvantages such as being more costly and difficult to apply within the disaster conditions. The development of fast and reliable deoxyribonucleic acid analysis techniques and the deoxyribonucleic acid data banks started the era of molecular genetics in forensics. Progress is made day by day with new approaches including next generation sequencing, mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid, Y chromosome and X chromosome analysis, microhaplotyping, proteomics and microbial deoxyribonucleic acid analysis. In this review the molecular genetics approaches in forensic medicine and deoxyribonucleic acid analysis methods in identification process in the disasters were summarized.

Keywords

• Disaster
• identification
• DNA analysis.

Afetlerde Kimliklendirme ve Genetik Yaklaşımlar

Abstract

Afetler, büyük hasar, kayıp veya yıkıma neden olan ani olaylardır. Kitlesel bir felaketin en zorlu aşaması kimliklendirme sürecidir. Parmak izi incelemeleri, dental incelemeler ve deoksiribonükleik asit analizleri kimliklendirmede üç altın standart tanımlama yöntemidir. Adli biyolojik materyaller ile yapılan deoksiribonükleik asit analizleri, kişilerin tanımlanmasında güçlü kanıtlar sağlamakla birlikte diğer yöntemlere göre daha maliyetli ve afet koşullarında uygulanmasının zor olması gibi bazı dezavantajlara sahiptir. Hızlı ve güvenilir deoksiribonükleik asit analiz tekniklerinin ve deoksiribonükleik asit veri bankalarının gelişmesi adli tıpta moleküler genetik çağını başlatmıştır. Yeni nesil dizileme, mitokondriyal deoksiribonükleik asit, Y kromozomu ve X kromozomu analizi, epigenetik çalışmalar gibi yeni yaklaşımlarla her geçen gün ilerleme sağlanmaktadır. Bu derlemede adli tıpta moleküler genetik yaklaşımlar ve afetlerde kimliklendirme sürecinde deoksiribonükleik asit analiz yöntemleri özetlenmiştir.

Keywords

• Afet
• kimliklendirme
• DNA analizi

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