Physical Activity in Heart Failure: A Narrative Review on Barriers, Evaluation and Development Methods

Abstract

Heart failure develops due to cardiac dysfunction and forms the final stage of cardiovascular disorders. The importance of regular physical activity in the management of heart failure is emphasized due to the biological, psychological, and social benefits, and it is recommended that various exercise approaches be adapted to patients diagnosed with heart failure. However, clinicians need to consider barriers such as symptom severity (dyspnea, fatigue, etc.), gender, motivation, preparation, seasonal conditions, and financial reasons for physical activity. The activity level can be evaluated with questionnaires, diaries from subjective methods, pedometers, and accelerometers from objective methods. Supervised exercise (moderate intensity-continuous exercise training, high-low-intensity interval training, respiratory muscle training, strength training, or Tai Chi), e-Health applications, Exergaming, or heart age calculators improve physical activity in individuals with sedentary heart failure physical activity programs that combine behavior change, cardiac risk management, and patient education should be implemented in group or center-based settings, accompanied by a multidisciplinary team, to gain an active lifestyle in patients with heart failure.

Keywords

• Heart failure
• cardiovascular diseases
• physical activity
• exercise
• sedentary life

Kalp Yetmezliğinde Fiziksel Aktivite: Engeller, Değerlendirme ve Geliştirme Yöntemleri Üzerine Bir Geleneksel Derleme

Abstract

Kalp yetmezliği, kardiyak disfonksiyona bağlı olarak gelişir ve kardiyovasküler bozuklukların son aşamasını oluşturur. Biyolojik, psikolojik ve sosyal faydaları nedeniyle düzenli fiziksel aktivitenin kalp yetmezliği yönetimindeki önemi vurgulanmakta ve çeşitli egzersiz yaklaşımlarının kalp yetmezliği tanılı hastalara uyarlanması önerilmektedir. Ancak klinisyenlerin kalp yetmezliği tanılı bireylerin fiziksel aktiviteye katılımını sağlamada semptom şiddeti (dispne, yorgunluk vb.), cinsiyet, motivasyon, hazırlık, mevsimsel koşullar ve finansal nedenler gibi engelleri göz önünde bulundurmaları gerekir. Aktivite düzeyi, anketler ve günlükler gibi öznel yöntemler; pedometreler ve ivme-ölçerler gibi nesnel yöntemler ile değerlendirilebilir. Gözetimli egzersiz (orta şiddetli-sürekli egzersiz eğitimi, yüksek-düşük yoğunluklu aralıklı eğitim, solunum kası eğitimi, kuvvet eğitimi veya Tai Chi), e-Sağlık uygulamaları, egzersiz oyunları veya kalp yaşı hesaplayıcılarının kalp yetmezliği tanılı bireylerde fiziksel aktiviteyi iyileştirdiği belirtilmektedir. Fiziksel aktivite programları kalp yetmezliğinde etkilidir ve davranış değişikliği, kardiyak risk yönetimi ve hasta eğitimini birleştiren bu programlar, aktif bir yaşam tarzı kazanmak için multidisipliner bir ekip eşliğinde grup veya merkez tabanlı ortamlarda uygulanmalıdır.

Keywords

• Kalp yetmezliği
• kardiyovasküler hastalıklar
• fiziksel aktivite
• egzersiz
• sedanter yaşam

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