Review
BibTex RIS Cite

FOOD SUPPLY AND (IN)SECURITY DURING COVID-19 OUTBREAK PROCESS

Year 2020, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 215 - 220, 30.06.2020

Abstract

COVID-19, which started in December 2019 in Wuhan, China and spread worldwide and which was declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization, affected all societies in terms of health, education, nutrition, medicine, trade, economy, unemployment and social aspects. While, social isolation and quarantine measures taken to reduce the spread of the disease led the countries to take steps that force the economic burden, great efforts have been and are being made to continue the food production and supply chain, as in the healthcare system. Measures to minimize the limitation of access to food and adequate-balanced nutrition opportunities of families from all socio-economic status and ensuring food security for the public are among the crucial goals in this process, because it is well known that, when individuals have good nutritional status, they are more likely to be protected from SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or complications of the disease, as in the other infectious diseases. This health-nutrition relationship, which is linked to the food security of the households, continues its importance during the epidemic of COVID-19. In this review, changes in the production and supply chain of foods, hygieneic precautions, food access possibilities and threatening factors during the COVID-19 pandemic were discussed, and efforts were made to shed light on the future through sustainable nutrition steps.

References

  • Angell S. (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and retail food, beverage, and other related service venues. California Department of Public Health Retrieved May 25. 2020, from https:// www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/Pages/COVID 19/ RetailFoodBeverageandOtherRelatedServiceVenues.aspx
  • Barichello, R. (2020). The COVID‐19 pandemic: Anticipating its effects on Canada’s agricultural trade. Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d’agroeconomie.
  • BM, (2015). Sustainable development knowledge platform. Retrieved May 25. 2020, from https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/
  • BM, (2019). World population prospects 2019. Retrieved May 25. 2020, from https://population.un.org/wpp/Publications/Files/WPP2019_ Highlights.pdf
  • Boucher J. (2020). Reusable food packaging and novel coronavirüs. Retrieved May 25. 2020, from https://www.foodpackagingforum. org/news/reusable-food-packaging-and-novel-coronavirus
  • Cappelli, A., & Cini, E. (2020). Will the COVID-19 pandemic make us reconsider the relevance of short food supply chains and local productions?. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 99, 566.
  • Dunn, C. G., Kenney, E., Fleischhacker, S. E., & Bleich, S. N. (2020). Feeding low-income children during the COVID-19 pandemic. New England Journal of Medicine, 382(18), e40.
  • European Commission (EC). (2020). COVID-19 and food safety questions and answers. Brüksel. Retrieved May 25. 2020, from https://ec.europa.eu/food/sites/food/files/safety/docs/biosafety_crisis_ covid19_qandas_en.pdf
  • FAO (2020a). COVID-19: Our hungriest, most vulnerable communities face “a crisis within a crisis”. Retrieved May 25. 2020, from http:// www.fao.org/news/story/en/item/1269721/icode/
  • FAO (2020b). COVID-19 and the risk to food supply chains: How to respond? |policy support and governance| food and agriculture organization of the United Nations. Retrieved May 25. 2020, from http://www.fao.org/policy-support/ resources/resources-details/en/c/1269383/
  • FAO & WHO. (2020). COVID-19 and food safety: guidance for food businesses. Retrieved May 25. 2020, from https://www. unitedfresh.co.nz/assets/COVID-19/WHO---FAO---COVID-19-and- Food-Safety%3A-Guidance-for-Food-Businesses-7-April-2020.pdf
  • FAO, (2011). Global food losses and food waste. Retrieved May 25. 2020, from http://www.fao.org/3/mb060e/mb060e00.htm
  • FDA (U.S. Food and Drup Administration). (2020a). Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the Food Supply Chain. Retrieved May 25. 2020, from https://www.fda.gov/food/food-safety-during-emergencies/ food-safety-and-coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19
  • Flanagan, K., Robertson, K., Hanson, C. (2019). Reducing food loss and waste: setting a global action agenda; World Research Institute: Washington, DC, USA. Retrieved May 25. 2020, from https://wriorg. s3.amazonaws.com/s3fspublic/reducing-food-loss-waste-globalaction- agenda_1.pdf
  • FOODnavigaitor, (2020). Coronavirus: Italy’s food Industry Warns of “Brake” on sector growth. Retrieved May 25. 2020, from https://www. foodnavigator. com/Ar ticle/2020/02/25/Coronavirus-Italy-s-food-industry-warns-of-brakeon- sectorgrowth?utm_source=copyright&utm_medium=OnSite&utm_campaign=copyright
  • Galanakis, C. M. (2020). The food systems in the era of the coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Crisis. Foods, 9(4), 523.
  • Göbel, P. (2008). Yiyecek hizmeti veren işletmeler ve tedarikçi firmalarda besin güvenliği uygulamaları. Yüksek lisans tezi, Başkent Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • Handu, D., Moloney, L., Rozga, M., & Cheng, F. (2020). Malnutrition care during the COVID-19 pandemic: considerations for registered dietitian nutritionists evidence analysis center. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.
  • Hobbs, J. E. (2020). Food supply chains during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Canadian Journal Of Agricultural Economics/Revue Canadienne D’agroeconomie.
  • Hu, A.G., Beyeler, W.E., Kelley, N.S., McNitt, J.A. (2015). How resilient is the United States’ food system to pandemics? Journal Environmental Studies and Sciences. 5, 337–347.
  • ILO (2020). COVID-19 and the impact on agriculture and food security. Retrieved May 25. 2020, from https://www.ilo.org/sector/ Resources/publications/WCMS_742023/lang--en/index.htm
  • İçişleri Bakanlığı, (2020). Vefa Sosyal Destek Grubu’yla 569 bin hanenin ihtiyaçları karşılandı. https://www.icisleri.gov.tr/vefa-sosyaldestek- grubuyla-569-bin-hanenin-ihtiyaclari-temin-edildi (Erişim Tarihi: 30.05.2020)
  • İnalkaç, T. N. (2019). Toplu beslenme sistemleri çalışanlarına yönelik besin güvenliği eğitiminin çalışanların besin güvenliği bilgi düzeyler ve davranışları üzerine etkisi. Yüksek lisans tezi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • Jalava, K. (2020). First respiratory transmitted food borne outbreak?. International Journal Of Hygiene And Environmental Health, 226, 113490.
  • Jones, K.E., Patel, N.G., Levy, M.A., Storeygard, A., Balk, D., Gittleman, J.L., et al.. (2008). Global trends in emerging infectious diseases. Nature, 451, 990–993.
  • Naja, F., & Hamadeh, R. (2020). Nutrition amid the COVID-19 pandemic: a multi-level framework for action. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1-5.
  • Nicola, M., Alsafi, Z., Sohrabi, C., Kerwan, A., Al-Jabir, A., Iosifidis, C., et al. (2020). The socio-economic implications of the coronavirus and COVID-19 pandemic: a review. International Journal of Surgery.
  • NZ Food Safety Science & Research Centre Project Report. (2020). Potential for foodborne transmission of COVID-19: literature review. Retrieved May 25. 2020, from https://www.unitedfresh. co.nz/assets/COVID-19/NZFSSRC---Potential-for-Foodborne- Transmission-of-COVID-19---Lit-Review-Update---6-April-2020.pdf
  • Oliveira, T. C., Abranches, M. V., & Lana, R. M. (2020). Food (in) security in Brazil in the context of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 36, e00055220.
  • Power, M., Doherty, B., Pybus, K., & Pickett, K. (2020). How COVID-19 has exposed inequalities in the UK food system: The case of UK food and poverty. Emerald Open Research, 2(11), 11.
  • Sağdıç, O., Kayacan, S., Dertli, E., & Arıcı, M. (2020). Gıda güvenliği açısından COVID-19 etmeni SARS-CoV-2’nin değerlendirilmesi ve korunma yöntemleri. Avrupa Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, (18), 927- 933.
  • Scherhaufer, S., Moates, G., Hartikainen, H., Waldron, K., & Obersteiner, G. (2018). Environmental impacts of food waste in Europe. Waste Management, 77, 98-113.
  • Sputniknews, (2020). Retrieved May 25. 2020, from https:// tr.sputniknews.com/turkiye/202006021042171518-rize-valisiceber- cay-toplamak-icin-gelen-22-kisinin-koronavirus-testipozitif- cikti-202-kisi/
  • T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. (2020). COVID-19 salgın yönetimi ve çalışma rehberi bilimsel danışma kurulu çalışması. Ankara. https://covid19bilgi. saglik.gov.tr/depo/toplumda-salgin-yonetimi/salgin-yonetimive- calisma-rehberi/COVID19-SALGIN_YONETIMI_VE_CALISMA_ REHBERI.pdf Erişim Tarihi: 30.05.2020
  • Tiensin, T., Kalibata, A., Cole M. (2020). Ensuring food security ın the COVID-19 era. Asean post 2020 Retrieved May 25. 2020, from https://theaseanpost.com/article/ensuring-food-security-covid- 19-era
  • Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi (TÜBA). (2020). COVID-19 pandemi değerlendirme raporu. Ankara. http://www.tuba.gov.tr/files/ images/2020/kovidraporu/Covid-19%20Raporu-Final+.pdf Erişim Tarihi: 30.05.2020
  • Wenau, J. (2020). How China kept ıts supermarkets stocked as coronavirus raged—WSJ. Retrieved May 25. 2020, from https:// www.wsj.com/articles/how-china-fed-its-people-while-underlockdown- 11584009757.
  • WHO (World Health Organization). (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) situation report –32. Retrieved May 25. 2020, from https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situationreports/ 20200221-sitrep-32-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=4802d089_2
  • World Bank (2020). Food Security and COVID-19. Retrieved May 25. 2020, from https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/agriculture/ brief/food-security-and-covid-19
  • Worstell, J. (2020). Ecological resilience of food systems in response to the COVID-19 crisis. Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development, 9(3), 1-8.
  • Zurayk, R. (2020). Pandemic and food security. Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development, 9(3), 1-5.

COVID-19 Salgını Sürecinde Besin Tedariği ve Güvencesi(zliği)

Year 2020, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 215 - 220, 30.06.2020

Abstract

Özet


Çin’in Wuhan kentinde Aralık 2019’da başlayan ve salgın haline gelen COVID-19 toplumları sağlık, eğitim, beslenme, ilaç, ticaret, ekonomi, işsizlik ve sosyal açıdan etkilemiştir. Hastalığın yayılmasını azaltmak üzere alınan sosyal izolasyon ve karantina önlemleri ülkelerin ekonomik yükünü arttıran adımlar atılmasına neden olurken, sağlık sisteminde olduğu gibi besin üretim ve tedarik zincirinin devam etmesi için de büyük çaba gösterilmiştir ve hala gösterilmektedir. Tüm sosyo-ekonomik kesimden bireylerin besine erişimini ve yeterli-dengeli beslenme imkânlarını en az düzeyde kısıtlayacak tedbirler alınması ve halkın besin güvencesinin sağlanması bu süreçte önemli hedefler arasındadır. Çünkü iyi bilinmektedir ki; diğer enfeksiyon hastalıklarında olduğu gibi bireylerin beslenme durumu iyi olduğunda COVID-19 enfeksiyonundan ve/veya hastalığın komplikasyonlarından korunma olasılığı artmaktadır. Besin güvencesiyle bağlantılı olan bu sağlık-beslenme ilişkisi COVID-19 salgını sürecinde de önemini devam ettirmektedir. Bu derlemede COVID-19 salgınında besinlerin üretim-tedarik zincirindeki değişimler, alınacak hijyenik önlemler, besine erişim olanakları ve bunları tehdit eden unsurlar ele alınmış, sürdürülebilir beslenme adımlarıyla geleceğe ışık tutulmaya çalışılmıştır.


Anahtar Kelimeler: COVID-19, besin tedariği, besin güvencesi, besin güvenilirliği,
sürdürülebilirlik.


Abstract


COVID-19, which started in December 2019 in Wuhan, China and became a pandemic, affected societies in terms of health, education, nutrition, medicine, trade, economy, unemployment, and other social aspects. While social isolation and quarantine measures, which are taken to reduce the disease spread, led countries to take steps increasing the economic burden, great efforts were made and still have being made to continue the food production and supply chain, as in healthcare system. Minimizing the limitations of food access and adequate-balanced nutrition of individuals from all socioeconomic strata and ensuring food security are crucial goals in this process, because when individuals have good nutritional status, they are more likely to be protected from the COVID-19 infection and/or complications, as in other infectious diseases. Health and nutrition relationship, linked to food security, continues its importance during COVID-19 pandemic. In this review, the changes in foods production-supply chain, hygienic precautions, food access possibilities, and threatening factors during COVID-19 were discussed, and efforts were made to shed light on the future through sustainable nutrition steps.


Keywords:
COVID-19, food supply, food security, food safety, sustainability.

References

  • Angell S. (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and retail food, beverage, and other related service venues. California Department of Public Health Retrieved May 25. 2020, from https:// www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/Pages/COVID 19/ RetailFoodBeverageandOtherRelatedServiceVenues.aspx
  • Barichello, R. (2020). The COVID‐19 pandemic: Anticipating its effects on Canada’s agricultural trade. Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d’agroeconomie.
  • BM, (2015). Sustainable development knowledge platform. Retrieved May 25. 2020, from https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/
  • BM, (2019). World population prospects 2019. Retrieved May 25. 2020, from https://population.un.org/wpp/Publications/Files/WPP2019_ Highlights.pdf
  • Boucher J. (2020). Reusable food packaging and novel coronavirüs. Retrieved May 25. 2020, from https://www.foodpackagingforum. org/news/reusable-food-packaging-and-novel-coronavirus
  • Cappelli, A., & Cini, E. (2020). Will the COVID-19 pandemic make us reconsider the relevance of short food supply chains and local productions?. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 99, 566.
  • Dunn, C. G., Kenney, E., Fleischhacker, S. E., & Bleich, S. N. (2020). Feeding low-income children during the COVID-19 pandemic. New England Journal of Medicine, 382(18), e40.
  • European Commission (EC). (2020). COVID-19 and food safety questions and answers. Brüksel. Retrieved May 25. 2020, from https://ec.europa.eu/food/sites/food/files/safety/docs/biosafety_crisis_ covid19_qandas_en.pdf
  • FAO (2020a). COVID-19: Our hungriest, most vulnerable communities face “a crisis within a crisis”. Retrieved May 25. 2020, from http:// www.fao.org/news/story/en/item/1269721/icode/
  • FAO (2020b). COVID-19 and the risk to food supply chains: How to respond? |policy support and governance| food and agriculture organization of the United Nations. Retrieved May 25. 2020, from http://www.fao.org/policy-support/ resources/resources-details/en/c/1269383/
  • FAO & WHO. (2020). COVID-19 and food safety: guidance for food businesses. Retrieved May 25. 2020, from https://www. unitedfresh.co.nz/assets/COVID-19/WHO---FAO---COVID-19-and- Food-Safety%3A-Guidance-for-Food-Businesses-7-April-2020.pdf
  • FAO, (2011). Global food losses and food waste. Retrieved May 25. 2020, from http://www.fao.org/3/mb060e/mb060e00.htm
  • FDA (U.S. Food and Drup Administration). (2020a). Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the Food Supply Chain. Retrieved May 25. 2020, from https://www.fda.gov/food/food-safety-during-emergencies/ food-safety-and-coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19
  • Flanagan, K., Robertson, K., Hanson, C. (2019). Reducing food loss and waste: setting a global action agenda; World Research Institute: Washington, DC, USA. Retrieved May 25. 2020, from https://wriorg. s3.amazonaws.com/s3fspublic/reducing-food-loss-waste-globalaction- agenda_1.pdf
  • FOODnavigaitor, (2020). Coronavirus: Italy’s food Industry Warns of “Brake” on sector growth. Retrieved May 25. 2020, from https://www. foodnavigator. com/Ar ticle/2020/02/25/Coronavirus-Italy-s-food-industry-warns-of-brakeon- sectorgrowth?utm_source=copyright&utm_medium=OnSite&utm_campaign=copyright
  • Galanakis, C. M. (2020). The food systems in the era of the coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Crisis. Foods, 9(4), 523.
  • Göbel, P. (2008). Yiyecek hizmeti veren işletmeler ve tedarikçi firmalarda besin güvenliği uygulamaları. Yüksek lisans tezi, Başkent Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • Handu, D., Moloney, L., Rozga, M., & Cheng, F. (2020). Malnutrition care during the COVID-19 pandemic: considerations for registered dietitian nutritionists evidence analysis center. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.
  • Hobbs, J. E. (2020). Food supply chains during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Canadian Journal Of Agricultural Economics/Revue Canadienne D’agroeconomie.
  • Hu, A.G., Beyeler, W.E., Kelley, N.S., McNitt, J.A. (2015). How resilient is the United States’ food system to pandemics? Journal Environmental Studies and Sciences. 5, 337–347.
  • ILO (2020). COVID-19 and the impact on agriculture and food security. Retrieved May 25. 2020, from https://www.ilo.org/sector/ Resources/publications/WCMS_742023/lang--en/index.htm
  • İçişleri Bakanlığı, (2020). Vefa Sosyal Destek Grubu’yla 569 bin hanenin ihtiyaçları karşılandı. https://www.icisleri.gov.tr/vefa-sosyaldestek- grubuyla-569-bin-hanenin-ihtiyaclari-temin-edildi (Erişim Tarihi: 30.05.2020)
  • İnalkaç, T. N. (2019). Toplu beslenme sistemleri çalışanlarına yönelik besin güvenliği eğitiminin çalışanların besin güvenliği bilgi düzeyler ve davranışları üzerine etkisi. Yüksek lisans tezi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • Jalava, K. (2020). First respiratory transmitted food borne outbreak?. International Journal Of Hygiene And Environmental Health, 226, 113490.
  • Jones, K.E., Patel, N.G., Levy, M.A., Storeygard, A., Balk, D., Gittleman, J.L., et al.. (2008). Global trends in emerging infectious diseases. Nature, 451, 990–993.
  • Naja, F., & Hamadeh, R. (2020). Nutrition amid the COVID-19 pandemic: a multi-level framework for action. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1-5.
  • Nicola, M., Alsafi, Z., Sohrabi, C., Kerwan, A., Al-Jabir, A., Iosifidis, C., et al. (2020). The socio-economic implications of the coronavirus and COVID-19 pandemic: a review. International Journal of Surgery.
  • NZ Food Safety Science & Research Centre Project Report. (2020). Potential for foodborne transmission of COVID-19: literature review. Retrieved May 25. 2020, from https://www.unitedfresh. co.nz/assets/COVID-19/NZFSSRC---Potential-for-Foodborne- Transmission-of-COVID-19---Lit-Review-Update---6-April-2020.pdf
  • Oliveira, T. C., Abranches, M. V., & Lana, R. M. (2020). Food (in) security in Brazil in the context of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 36, e00055220.
  • Power, M., Doherty, B., Pybus, K., & Pickett, K. (2020). How COVID-19 has exposed inequalities in the UK food system: The case of UK food and poverty. Emerald Open Research, 2(11), 11.
  • Sağdıç, O., Kayacan, S., Dertli, E., & Arıcı, M. (2020). Gıda güvenliği açısından COVID-19 etmeni SARS-CoV-2’nin değerlendirilmesi ve korunma yöntemleri. Avrupa Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, (18), 927- 933.
  • Scherhaufer, S., Moates, G., Hartikainen, H., Waldron, K., & Obersteiner, G. (2018). Environmental impacts of food waste in Europe. Waste Management, 77, 98-113.
  • Sputniknews, (2020). Retrieved May 25. 2020, from https:// tr.sputniknews.com/turkiye/202006021042171518-rize-valisiceber- cay-toplamak-icin-gelen-22-kisinin-koronavirus-testipozitif- cikti-202-kisi/
  • T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. (2020). COVID-19 salgın yönetimi ve çalışma rehberi bilimsel danışma kurulu çalışması. Ankara. https://covid19bilgi. saglik.gov.tr/depo/toplumda-salgin-yonetimi/salgin-yonetimive- calisma-rehberi/COVID19-SALGIN_YONETIMI_VE_CALISMA_ REHBERI.pdf Erişim Tarihi: 30.05.2020
  • Tiensin, T., Kalibata, A., Cole M. (2020). Ensuring food security ın the COVID-19 era. Asean post 2020 Retrieved May 25. 2020, from https://theaseanpost.com/article/ensuring-food-security-covid- 19-era
  • Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi (TÜBA). (2020). COVID-19 pandemi değerlendirme raporu. Ankara. http://www.tuba.gov.tr/files/ images/2020/kovidraporu/Covid-19%20Raporu-Final+.pdf Erişim Tarihi: 30.05.2020
  • Wenau, J. (2020). How China kept ıts supermarkets stocked as coronavirus raged—WSJ. Retrieved May 25. 2020, from https:// www.wsj.com/articles/how-china-fed-its-people-while-underlockdown- 11584009757.
  • WHO (World Health Organization). (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) situation report –32. Retrieved May 25. 2020, from https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situationreports/ 20200221-sitrep-32-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=4802d089_2
  • World Bank (2020). Food Security and COVID-19. Retrieved May 25. 2020, from https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/agriculture/ brief/food-security-and-covid-19
  • Worstell, J. (2020). Ecological resilience of food systems in response to the COVID-19 crisis. Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development, 9(3), 1-8.
  • Zurayk, R. (2020). Pandemic and food security. Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development, 9(3), 1-5.
There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Derlemeler
Authors

Dilek Ongan 0000-0001-8948-9057

Ayşe Nur Songür Bozdağ 0000-0001-6412-8650

Çağla Ayer 0000-0001-6124-7339

Publication Date June 30, 2020
Submission Date June 4, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 5 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Ongan, D., Songür Bozdağ, A. N., & Ayer, Ç. (2020). COVID-19 Salgını Sürecinde Besin Tedariği ve Güvencesi(zliği). İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(2), 215-220.
AMA Ongan D, Songür Bozdağ AN, Ayer Ç. COVID-19 Salgını Sürecinde Besin Tedariği ve Güvencesi(zliği). İKÇÜSBFD. June 2020;5(2):215-220.
Chicago Ongan, Dilek, Ayşe Nur Songür Bozdağ, and Çağla Ayer. “COVID-19 Salgını Sürecinde Besin Tedariği Ve Güvencesi(zliği)”. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi 5, no. 2 (June 2020): 215-20.
EndNote Ongan D, Songür Bozdağ AN, Ayer Ç (June 1, 2020) COVID-19 Salgını Sürecinde Besin Tedariği ve Güvencesi(zliği). İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi 5 2 215–220.
IEEE D. Ongan, A. N. Songür Bozdağ, and Ç. Ayer, “COVID-19 Salgını Sürecinde Besin Tedariği ve Güvencesi(zliği)”, İKÇÜSBFD, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 215–220, 2020.
ISNAD Ongan, Dilek et al. “COVID-19 Salgını Sürecinde Besin Tedariği Ve Güvencesi(zliği)”. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi 5/2 (June 2020), 215-220.
JAMA Ongan D, Songür Bozdağ AN, Ayer Ç. COVID-19 Salgını Sürecinde Besin Tedariği ve Güvencesi(zliği). İKÇÜSBFD. 2020;5:215–220.
MLA Ongan, Dilek et al. “COVID-19 Salgını Sürecinde Besin Tedariği Ve Güvencesi(zliği)”. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 5, no. 2, 2020, pp. 215-20.
Vancouver Ongan D, Songür Bozdağ AN, Ayer Ç. COVID-19 Salgını Sürecinde Besin Tedariği ve Güvencesi(zliği). İKÇÜSBFD. 2020;5(2):215-20.



Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.