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Pandemi Sürecinde, 18-65 Yaş Arasındaki Bireylerin Yaş, Cinsiyet ve Eğitim Değişkenlerinin Yaşam Kalitesi ve Fiziksel Aktivite Düzeyi ile İlişkisi

Year 2021, Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 51 - 60, 30.09.2021

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı 18-65 yaş arası bireylerin pandemi sürecinde yaş, cinsiyet ve eğitim değişkenleri ile yaşam kalitesi ve fiziksel aktivite düzeyi arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmaktır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırma ilişkisel tarama desenli bir çalışmadır. Araştırmanın örneklemi 18-65 yaş arası, okuma yazma bilen ve internet üzerinden ankete ulaşabilen 350 katılımcıdan oluşturulmuştur. Veriler, Mayıs-Haziran 2020 tarihinde toplanmıştır. Katılımcıların, fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri Uluslararası Fiziksel Aktivite Anketi-Kısa Formu ile, yaşam kaliteleri ise Yaşam Kalitesi Kısa Formu ile ölçülmüştür. Katılımcıların demografik verileri ise kişisel bilgi formu ile toplanmıştır.
Bulgular: Yapılan analiz sonucunda yaş değişkenine göre yaşam kalitesi kısa formun alt parametrelerinden fiziksel fonksiyon, enerji-canlılık ve ruhsal sağlıkta istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık tespit edilmiştir (p<0,01). Cinsiyete göre fiziksel aktivite düzeyi ve yaşam kalitesi kısa formun alt parametrelerinden fiziksel fonksiyon, fiziksel rol güçlüğü, emosyonel rol güçlüğü, enerjicanlılık, ağrı, genel sağlık istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık göstermiştir (p<0,01). Eğitim durumu değişkeninde ise yaşam kalitesi kısa formun alt parametrelerinden fiziksel fonksiyon, enerji-canlılık, ruhsal sağlık bakımından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık tespit edilmiştir (p<0,01). Katılımcıların fiziksel aktivite düzeyi ile yaşam kalitesi arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı, pozitif yönde korelasyon tespit edilmiştir (p<0,001).
Sonuç: Pandemi sürecinde 18-24 yaş aralığı ve üniversite öğrencilerinin yaşam kalitesi kısa formun alt parametrelerinden enerji-canlılık ve ruhsal sağlığın olumsuz yönde etkilendiği, ayrıca kadınların erkeklere oranla fiziksel rol güçlüğü puanlamasının daha yüksek olmasına rağmen genel olarak yaşam kalitesinin daha olumsuz etkilendiği ve fiziksel aktivite düzeylerinin daha düşük olduğu sonucuna varılabilinir.

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References

  • Landry MD, Tupetz A, Jalovcic D, Sheppard P, Jesus TS, Raman SR. The novel coronavirus (COVID-19): making a connection between infectious disease outbreaks and rehabilitation. Physiother Can. 2020;72(4):325- 327.
  • Rasheed R, Rizwan A, Javed H, Sharif F, Zaidi A. Socio-economic and environmental impacts of COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan-an integrated analysis. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021;28(16):19926-19943.
  • Cucinotta D, Vanelli M. WHO declares COVID-19 a pandemic. Acta Biomed. 2020; 91(1):157-160.
  • Aktoz M, Altay H, Aslanger E, Atalar E, Atar İ, Aytekin V, ve ark. Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği uzlaşı raporu: COVID-19 pandemisi ve kardiyovasküler hastalıklar konusunda bilinmesi gerekenler. Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars. 2020; 48(Suppl 1):1-48
  • Thomas P, Baldwin C, Bissett B, Boden I, Gosselink R, Granger CL. Physiotherapy management for COVID-19 in the acute hospital setting: clinical practice recommendations. Aust J Physiother. 2020;66(2):73-82.
  • Hammami A, Harrabi B, Mohr M, Krustrup P. Physical activity and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): specific recommendations for home-based physical training. Manag Sport Leis. 2020:1-6.
  • Samlani Z, Lemfadli Y, Errami AA, Oubaha S, Krati, K. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on quality of life and well-being in Morocco. Int J Community Med Public Health. 2020;6(2):130-134.
  • Zheng C, Huang WY, Sheridan S, Sıt CH, Chen X, Wong SH. COVID-19 pandemic brings a sedentary lifestyle: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study. Int J Environ Res and Public Health. 2020;17(17): 6035
  • Hall G, Laddu DR, Phillips SA, Lavie CJ, Arena R. A tale of two pandemics: how will COVID-19 and global trends in physical inactivity and sedentary behavior affect one another? Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2021;64:108-110.
  • Dunton GF, Wang SD, Do B, Courtney J. Early effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity locations and behaviors in adults living in the United States. Prev Med Rep. 2020;20:101241.
  • Werneck AO, Collings PJ, Barboza LL, Stubbs B, Silva DR. Associations of sedentary behaviors and physical activity with social isolation in 100,839 school students: the Brazilian scholar health survey. Gen hosp psychiatry. 2019;59:7-13.
  • Giustino V, Parroco A, Gennaro A, Musumeci G, Palma A, Battaglia G. Physical activity levels and related energy expenditure during COVID-19 quarantine among the Sicilian active population: a cross-sectional online survey study. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (11): 4356-4375.
  • Cheval B, Sivaramakrishnan H, Maltagliati S, Fessler Y, Forestier C, Sarrazin P, et al. Relationships between changes in self-reported physical activity, sedentary behaviours and health during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in France and Switzerland. J Sports Sci. 2020;39(6): 699-704.
  • Nguyen HC, Nguyen MH, Do BN, Tran CQ, Nguyen TP, Pham KM, et al. People with suspected COVID-19 symptoms were more likely depressed and had lower health-related quality of life: the potential benefit of health literacy. J Clin Med. 2020;9(4): 965-983.
  • Xiao H, Zhang Y, Kong D, Li S, Yang N. Social capital and sleep quality in individuals who self-isolated for 14 days during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in january 2020 in China. Med Sci Monit. 2020;26:e923921-8
  • Boylu AA, Paçacıoğlu B. Yaşam kalitesi ve göstergeleri. Akademik Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi (AKAD). 2016;8(15):137-150.
  • Kharshiing KD, Kashyap D, Gupta K, Khursheed M, Shahnawaz MG, Khan NH, et al. Quality of life in the COVID-19 pandemic in India: Exploring the role of individual and group variables. Community Ment Health J. 2021;57(1):70–78
  • Sokol, Justin T. Identity development throughout the lifetime: An examination of Eriksonian theory. J Couns Psychol. 2009; 1(2), Article 14:138-149.
  • Washburn, Richard A, et al. The validity of self-reported exercise induced sweating as a measure of physical activity. Am J Epidemiol. 1990;132(1):107-113.
  • Craig CL, Marshall AL, Sjöström M. International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2003;35(8):1381–1395.
  • Öztürk, M. Üniversitede eğitim- öğretim gören öğrencilerde uluslararası fiziksel aktivite anketinin geçerliliği ve güvenirliği ve fiziksel aktivite düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. Yüksek Lisans tezi. Ankara: Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü; 2005.
  • Koçyiğit H, Aydemir Ö, Ölmez N, Memiş A. Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of Short Form-36 (SF-36). Turk J Drugs Ther. 1999;12:102- 106.
  • Heuker D, Lengele B, Delecluse V, Weynand B, Liistro G, Balduyck B, et al. Subjective and objective assessment of quality of life after chest wall resection. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2011; 39(1):102-108.
  • Qi M, Li P, Moyle W, Weeks B, Jones C. Physical activity, health-related quality of life and stress among the Chinese adult population during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2020;17(18):6494- 6504.
  • Repišti C, Jovanović N, Kuzman MR, Medved S, Jerotić S, Ribić E., et al. How to measure the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on quality of life: COV19-qol – the development, reliability and validity of a new scale. Global Psychiatry. 2020;3(2): 201-210.
  • Ma Y, Li W, Deng H, Wang, L, Wang Y, Wang P, et al. Prevalence of depression and its association with quality of life in clinically stable patients with COVID-19. J Affect Disord. 2020;275:145-148.
  • Marrocco J, McEwen BS. Sex in the brain: Hormones and sex differences. Dialogues Clin. Neurosci. 2016;18(4):373-383.
  • Lo CMH, Lee PH. Prevalence and impacts of poor sleep on quality of life and associated factors of good sleepers in a sample of older chinese adults. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2012;10(1):1-7.
  • Ribeiro ÍJS, Pereira R, Freire IV, Oliveria BG, Casotti CA, Boery EN. Stress and quality of life among university students: a systematic literature review. Health Prof Educ. 2018;4(2):70–77.
  • Musumari PM, Tangmunkongvorakul A, Srithanaviboonchai K, Techasrivichien T, Suguimoto SP, Ono-Kihara M, et al. Grit is associated with lower level of depression and anxiety among university students in Chiang Mai, Thailand: A cross-sectional study. PloS one. 2018;13(12): e0209121.
  • Yıldırım Dİ, Yıldırım A, Eryılmaz MA. Sağlık çalışanlarında fiziksel aktivite ile yaşam kalitesi ilişkisi. Cukurova Medical Journal. 2019;44(2):325-333.
  • Aktaş H, Şaşmaz CT, Kılınçer A, Mert E, Gülbol S, Külekçioğlu D, ve ark. Yetişkinlerde fiziksel aktivite düzeyi ve uyku kalitesi ile ilişkili faktörlerin araştırılması. Mersin Univ Saglık Bilim Derg. 2015;8(2):60-70.
  • Yang Y, Koenigstorfer J. Determinants of physical activity maintenance during the COVID-19 pandemic: A focus on fitness apps. Transl Behav Med. 2020;10(4):835–842.
  • Babarro AC, Etxarri AA, Santamaría BJ, Coca A. Physical activity change during COVID-19 confinement. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(18): 68-78.
  • Sekulic D, Blazevic M, Gilic B, Kvesic I, Zenic N. Prospective analysis of levels and correlates of physical activity during COVID-19 pandemic and imposed rules of social distancing; gender specific study among adolescents from Southern Croatia. Sustainability. 2020;12(10):4072.
  • Bull FC, Al-Ansari SS, Biddle S, Borodulin K, Buman MP, Cardon G, et al. World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Br J Sports Med. 2020; 54(24):1451-1462.
  • Tural, E. COVID-19 pandemi dönemi ev karantinasında fiziksel aktivite düzeyinin yaşam kalitesine etkisi. Van Sag Bil Derg. 2020;13(COVID-19 Özel Sayı):10-18.
  • Gürol B, Güven G, Yalız Solmaz D. The effects of teacher candidates’ physical activity levels on health-related quality of life. Int Educ Stud. 2019;12(11):178-186.

The Relationship of Age, Gender and Education Variables with Quality of Life and Physical Activity Level of Individuals the Age of 18-65 During The Pandemic Period

Year 2021, Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 51 - 60, 30.09.2021

Abstract

Objective: Aim of study is to investigate relationship between age, gender and education to the quality of life and physical activity levels of individuals between the ages of 18-65 during the pandemic.
Material and Method: This research has relational survey study. Study was conducted with 350 participants aged between 18-65 years, literate and able to access survey via Internet. Data were collected between May-June 2020. Physical activity levels of participants were measured by International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form, quality of life was measured by 36-item Short Form Questionnaire. Demographic data of participants were collected through personal information forms.
Results: Based on age variable, statistically significant difference was detected in physical function, energy-vitality and mental health, which are sub-parameters of quality-of-life (p<0.01). Similarly, when investigations were performed based on gender, statistically significant difference was found in physical activity level, along with physical function, physical role difficulty, energy-vitality, pain and general health, which are among sub-parameters of quality-of-life (p<0.01). Educational levels of participants were investigated and divergence in sub-parameters of quality-of-life including physical function, energy-vitality and mental health were found statistically significant (p<0.01). Statistically significant, positive correlation was detected between physical activity level of participants and quality-of-life (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The findings manifested that quality-of-life parameters including energy-vitality and mental health of participants are between 18-24 years old and university status were negatively affected during pandemic. Additionally, study revealed although women had higher physical role difficulty scores compared to men, quality-of-life were mostly influenced negatively, and physical activity levels were lower.

References

  • Landry MD, Tupetz A, Jalovcic D, Sheppard P, Jesus TS, Raman SR. The novel coronavirus (COVID-19): making a connection between infectious disease outbreaks and rehabilitation. Physiother Can. 2020;72(4):325- 327.
  • Rasheed R, Rizwan A, Javed H, Sharif F, Zaidi A. Socio-economic and environmental impacts of COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan-an integrated analysis. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021;28(16):19926-19943.
  • Cucinotta D, Vanelli M. WHO declares COVID-19 a pandemic. Acta Biomed. 2020; 91(1):157-160.
  • Aktoz M, Altay H, Aslanger E, Atalar E, Atar İ, Aytekin V, ve ark. Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği uzlaşı raporu: COVID-19 pandemisi ve kardiyovasküler hastalıklar konusunda bilinmesi gerekenler. Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars. 2020; 48(Suppl 1):1-48
  • Thomas P, Baldwin C, Bissett B, Boden I, Gosselink R, Granger CL. Physiotherapy management for COVID-19 in the acute hospital setting: clinical practice recommendations. Aust J Physiother. 2020;66(2):73-82.
  • Hammami A, Harrabi B, Mohr M, Krustrup P. Physical activity and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): specific recommendations for home-based physical training. Manag Sport Leis. 2020:1-6.
  • Samlani Z, Lemfadli Y, Errami AA, Oubaha S, Krati, K. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on quality of life and well-being in Morocco. Int J Community Med Public Health. 2020;6(2):130-134.
  • Zheng C, Huang WY, Sheridan S, Sıt CH, Chen X, Wong SH. COVID-19 pandemic brings a sedentary lifestyle: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study. Int J Environ Res and Public Health. 2020;17(17): 6035
  • Hall G, Laddu DR, Phillips SA, Lavie CJ, Arena R. A tale of two pandemics: how will COVID-19 and global trends in physical inactivity and sedentary behavior affect one another? Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2021;64:108-110.
  • Dunton GF, Wang SD, Do B, Courtney J. Early effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity locations and behaviors in adults living in the United States. Prev Med Rep. 2020;20:101241.
  • Werneck AO, Collings PJ, Barboza LL, Stubbs B, Silva DR. Associations of sedentary behaviors and physical activity with social isolation in 100,839 school students: the Brazilian scholar health survey. Gen hosp psychiatry. 2019;59:7-13.
  • Giustino V, Parroco A, Gennaro A, Musumeci G, Palma A, Battaglia G. Physical activity levels and related energy expenditure during COVID-19 quarantine among the Sicilian active population: a cross-sectional online survey study. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (11): 4356-4375.
  • Cheval B, Sivaramakrishnan H, Maltagliati S, Fessler Y, Forestier C, Sarrazin P, et al. Relationships between changes in self-reported physical activity, sedentary behaviours and health during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in France and Switzerland. J Sports Sci. 2020;39(6): 699-704.
  • Nguyen HC, Nguyen MH, Do BN, Tran CQ, Nguyen TP, Pham KM, et al. People with suspected COVID-19 symptoms were more likely depressed and had lower health-related quality of life: the potential benefit of health literacy. J Clin Med. 2020;9(4): 965-983.
  • Xiao H, Zhang Y, Kong D, Li S, Yang N. Social capital and sleep quality in individuals who self-isolated for 14 days during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in january 2020 in China. Med Sci Monit. 2020;26:e923921-8
  • Boylu AA, Paçacıoğlu B. Yaşam kalitesi ve göstergeleri. Akademik Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi (AKAD). 2016;8(15):137-150.
  • Kharshiing KD, Kashyap D, Gupta K, Khursheed M, Shahnawaz MG, Khan NH, et al. Quality of life in the COVID-19 pandemic in India: Exploring the role of individual and group variables. Community Ment Health J. 2021;57(1):70–78
  • Sokol, Justin T. Identity development throughout the lifetime: An examination of Eriksonian theory. J Couns Psychol. 2009; 1(2), Article 14:138-149.
  • Washburn, Richard A, et al. The validity of self-reported exercise induced sweating as a measure of physical activity. Am J Epidemiol. 1990;132(1):107-113.
  • Craig CL, Marshall AL, Sjöström M. International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2003;35(8):1381–1395.
  • Öztürk, M. Üniversitede eğitim- öğretim gören öğrencilerde uluslararası fiziksel aktivite anketinin geçerliliği ve güvenirliği ve fiziksel aktivite düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. Yüksek Lisans tezi. Ankara: Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü; 2005.
  • Koçyiğit H, Aydemir Ö, Ölmez N, Memiş A. Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of Short Form-36 (SF-36). Turk J Drugs Ther. 1999;12:102- 106.
  • Heuker D, Lengele B, Delecluse V, Weynand B, Liistro G, Balduyck B, et al. Subjective and objective assessment of quality of life after chest wall resection. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2011; 39(1):102-108.
  • Qi M, Li P, Moyle W, Weeks B, Jones C. Physical activity, health-related quality of life and stress among the Chinese adult population during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2020;17(18):6494- 6504.
  • Repišti C, Jovanović N, Kuzman MR, Medved S, Jerotić S, Ribić E., et al. How to measure the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on quality of life: COV19-qol – the development, reliability and validity of a new scale. Global Psychiatry. 2020;3(2): 201-210.
  • Ma Y, Li W, Deng H, Wang, L, Wang Y, Wang P, et al. Prevalence of depression and its association with quality of life in clinically stable patients with COVID-19. J Affect Disord. 2020;275:145-148.
  • Marrocco J, McEwen BS. Sex in the brain: Hormones and sex differences. Dialogues Clin. Neurosci. 2016;18(4):373-383.
  • Lo CMH, Lee PH. Prevalence and impacts of poor sleep on quality of life and associated factors of good sleepers in a sample of older chinese adults. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2012;10(1):1-7.
  • Ribeiro ÍJS, Pereira R, Freire IV, Oliveria BG, Casotti CA, Boery EN. Stress and quality of life among university students: a systematic literature review. Health Prof Educ. 2018;4(2):70–77.
  • Musumari PM, Tangmunkongvorakul A, Srithanaviboonchai K, Techasrivichien T, Suguimoto SP, Ono-Kihara M, et al. Grit is associated with lower level of depression and anxiety among university students in Chiang Mai, Thailand: A cross-sectional study. PloS one. 2018;13(12): e0209121.
  • Yıldırım Dİ, Yıldırım A, Eryılmaz MA. Sağlık çalışanlarında fiziksel aktivite ile yaşam kalitesi ilişkisi. Cukurova Medical Journal. 2019;44(2):325-333.
  • Aktaş H, Şaşmaz CT, Kılınçer A, Mert E, Gülbol S, Külekçioğlu D, ve ark. Yetişkinlerde fiziksel aktivite düzeyi ve uyku kalitesi ile ilişkili faktörlerin araştırılması. Mersin Univ Saglık Bilim Derg. 2015;8(2):60-70.
  • Yang Y, Koenigstorfer J. Determinants of physical activity maintenance during the COVID-19 pandemic: A focus on fitness apps. Transl Behav Med. 2020;10(4):835–842.
  • Babarro AC, Etxarri AA, Santamaría BJ, Coca A. Physical activity change during COVID-19 confinement. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(18): 68-78.
  • Sekulic D, Blazevic M, Gilic B, Kvesic I, Zenic N. Prospective analysis of levels and correlates of physical activity during COVID-19 pandemic and imposed rules of social distancing; gender specific study among adolescents from Southern Croatia. Sustainability. 2020;12(10):4072.
  • Bull FC, Al-Ansari SS, Biddle S, Borodulin K, Buman MP, Cardon G, et al. World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Br J Sports Med. 2020; 54(24):1451-1462.
  • Tural, E. COVID-19 pandemi dönemi ev karantinasında fiziksel aktivite düzeyinin yaşam kalitesine etkisi. Van Sag Bil Derg. 2020;13(COVID-19 Özel Sayı):10-18.
  • Gürol B, Güven G, Yalız Solmaz D. The effects of teacher candidates’ physical activity levels on health-related quality of life. Int Educ Stud. 2019;12(11):178-186.
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Araştırma Makaleleri
Authors

Sena Özdemir Görgü 0000-0002-5395-3185

Yağmur Karaman 0000-0001-5894-7393

Candan Algun 0000-0002-2476-6567

Publication Date September 30, 2021
Submission Date March 17, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 6 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Özdemir Görgü, S., Karaman, Y., & Algun, C. (2021). Pandemi Sürecinde, 18-65 Yaş Arasındaki Bireylerin Yaş, Cinsiyet ve Eğitim Değişkenlerinin Yaşam Kalitesi ve Fiziksel Aktivite Düzeyi ile İlişkisi. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(3), 51-60.
AMA Özdemir Görgü S, Karaman Y, Algun C. Pandemi Sürecinde, 18-65 Yaş Arasındaki Bireylerin Yaş, Cinsiyet ve Eğitim Değişkenlerinin Yaşam Kalitesi ve Fiziksel Aktivite Düzeyi ile İlişkisi. İKÇÜSBFD. September 2021;6(3):51-60.
Chicago Özdemir Görgü, Sena, Yağmur Karaman, and Candan Algun. “Pandemi Sürecinde, 18-65 Yaş Arasındaki Bireylerin Yaş, Cinsiyet Ve Eğitim Değişkenlerinin Yaşam Kalitesi Ve Fiziksel Aktivite Düzeyi Ile İlişkisi”. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi 6, no. 3 (September 2021): 51-60.
EndNote Özdemir Görgü S, Karaman Y, Algun C (September 1, 2021) Pandemi Sürecinde, 18-65 Yaş Arasındaki Bireylerin Yaş, Cinsiyet ve Eğitim Değişkenlerinin Yaşam Kalitesi ve Fiziksel Aktivite Düzeyi ile İlişkisi. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi 6 3 51–60.
IEEE S. Özdemir Görgü, Y. Karaman, and C. Algun, “Pandemi Sürecinde, 18-65 Yaş Arasındaki Bireylerin Yaş, Cinsiyet ve Eğitim Değişkenlerinin Yaşam Kalitesi ve Fiziksel Aktivite Düzeyi ile İlişkisi”, İKÇÜSBFD, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 51–60, 2021.
ISNAD Özdemir Görgü, Sena et al. “Pandemi Sürecinde, 18-65 Yaş Arasındaki Bireylerin Yaş, Cinsiyet Ve Eğitim Değişkenlerinin Yaşam Kalitesi Ve Fiziksel Aktivite Düzeyi Ile İlişkisi”. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi 6/3 (September 2021), 51-60.
JAMA Özdemir Görgü S, Karaman Y, Algun C. Pandemi Sürecinde, 18-65 Yaş Arasındaki Bireylerin Yaş, Cinsiyet ve Eğitim Değişkenlerinin Yaşam Kalitesi ve Fiziksel Aktivite Düzeyi ile İlişkisi. İKÇÜSBFD. 2021;6:51–60.
MLA Özdemir Görgü, Sena et al. “Pandemi Sürecinde, 18-65 Yaş Arasındaki Bireylerin Yaş, Cinsiyet Ve Eğitim Değişkenlerinin Yaşam Kalitesi Ve Fiziksel Aktivite Düzeyi Ile İlişkisi”. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 6, no. 3, 2021, pp. 51-60.
Vancouver Özdemir Görgü S, Karaman Y, Algun C. Pandemi Sürecinde, 18-65 Yaş Arasındaki Bireylerin Yaş, Cinsiyet ve Eğitim Değişkenlerinin Yaşam Kalitesi ve Fiziksel Aktivite Düzeyi ile İlişkisi. İKÇÜSBFD. 2021;6(3):51-60.



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