Meme Kanserinde Sarkopeni ve Egzersiz

Year 2022, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 113 - 116, 31.01.2022

Umit Akay Didem Karadibak

Abstract

Meme kanseri, dünya genelinde en sık görülen malignitelerden biridir ve kadınlarda görülen kanserlerin %30’unu oluşturmaktadır. Meme kanseri tanı ve tedavisindeki gelişmeler, meme kanserli bireylerin sağkalım oranını artırmış, bu durum kanserin kendisinin ve tedavilerinin kısa ve uzun süreli yan etkilerine olan ilgiyi artırmıştır. Literatürde, meme kanseri sonrası vücut kompozisyonunda oluşan değişimleri ve bu hastalarda egzersizin düşük yaşam kalitesi, azalmış fonksiyonel düzey ve yorgunluk gibi sağlık problemleri üzerine etkilerini inceleyen araştırmalar yaygınlaşmıştır. Sarkopeni, meme kanserinde yaygın görülen sorunlardan biridir ve mortalite için risk faktörüdür. Egzersiz yaklaşımlarının meme kanserli bireylerin birçok sağlık problemine yönelik olumlu etkileri kanıtlanmıştır. Egzersiz eğitiminin, özellikle dirençli egzersizlerin, sarkopeninin önlenmesi ve tedavisindeki etkinliği literatürde açıkça gösterilmiştir. Bununla birlikte; egzersiz uygulamalarının meme kanseri üzerine etkilerini araştıran fazla sayıda çalışma olmasına rağmen, egzersizin, meme kanserinde sarkopeniyi önleme ve tedavisine yönelik sonuçlarını araştıran çalışma sayısı sınırlıdır. Egzersiz çalışmalarından önce ve sonra sarkopeni verilerinin değerlendirilmesi, meme kanserinde sarkopeni ile başa çıkma stratejilerinin belirlenmesine ve bu alanda literatüre katkı sunulmasına imkan sağlayacaktır.

Keywords

Meme kanseri, sarkopeni, egzersiz

Sarcopenia and Exercise in Breast Cancer

Abstract

Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide and accounts for 30% of cancers in women. Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer have increased the survival rate of individuals with breast cancer, and this has increased the interest in the short- and long-term side effects of breast cancer itself and its treatments. In the literature, studies investigating the changes in body composition after breast cancer and the effects of exercise on health problems such as low quality of life, decreased functional level and fatigue in these patients have become widespread. Sarcopenia is one of the common problems in breast cancer and represents a risk factor for mortality. It has been proven that exercise approaches positively affect many health problems in individuals with breast cancer. In general, but especially resistance exercises, it has been demonstrated to prevent and treat sarcopenia effectively. Although there are studies evaluating the effect of exercise in breast cancer, the number of studies investigating the outcomes of exercise for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia in breast cancer is limited. Evaluating sarcopenia data before and after exercise studies will allow the determination of strategies for coping with sarcopenia in breast cancer and contributing to the literature in this field.

Keywords

Breast cancer, sarcopenia, exercise

References

• Dong S, Wang Z, Shen K, Chen X. Metabolic syndrome and breast cancer: prevalence, treatment response, and prognosis. Front Oncol. 2021 Mar 25;11:629666.
• Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021 May;71(3):209-249.
• Lee J, Lee MG. Effects of exercise interventions on breast cancer patients during adjuvant therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Cancer Nurs. 2020 Mar/Apr;43(2):115-125.
• Dos Santos WDN, Gentil P, de Moraes RF, Ferreira Junior JB, Campos MH, de Lira CAB, et al. Chronic effects of resistance training in breast cancer survivors. Biomed Res Int. 2017;2017:8367803.
• Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Bahat G, Bauer J, Boirie Y, Bruyère O, Cederholm T, et al. Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis. Age Ageing. 2019 Jan 1;48(1):16-31.
• Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Sayer AA. Sarcopenia. Lancet. 2019 Jun 29;393(10191):2636-2646.
• Aleixo GF, Shachar SS, Nyrop KA, Muss HB, Battaglini CL, Williams GR. Bioelectrical impedance analysis for the assessment of sarcopenia in patients with cancer: a systematic review. Oncologist. 2020 Feb;25(2):170- 182.
• Bozzetti F. Chemotherapy-induced sarcopenia. Curr Treat Options Oncol. 2020 Jan 30;21(1):7.
• Meza-Valderrama D, Marco E, Dávalos-Yerovi V, Muns MD, Tejero-Sánchez M, Duarte E, et al. Sarcopenia, malnutrition, and cachexia: adapting definitions and terminology of nutritional disorders in older people with cancer. Nutrients. 2021 Feb 26;13(3):761.
• Carneiro IP, Mazurak VC, Prado CM. Clinical implications of sarcopenic obesity in cancer. Curr Oncol Rep. 2016 Oct;18(10):62.
• Iwase T, Wang X, Shrimanker TV, Kolonin MG, Ueno NT. Treatment. Body composition and breast cancer risk and treatment: Mechanisms and impact Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2021 Apr;186(2):273-283.
• Spence RR, Heesch KC, Brown WJ. Exercise and cancer rehabilitation: a systematic review. Cancer Treat Rev. 2010 Apr;36(2):185-94.
• Hojman P, Gehl J, Christensen JF, Pedersen BK. Molecular mechanisms linking exercise to cancer prevention and treatment. Cell Metab. 2018 Jan 9;27(1):10-21.
• Spence RR, Sandler CX, Newton RU, Galvão DA, Hayes SC, editors. Physical activity and exercise guidelines for people with cancer: why are they needed, who should use them, and when? Semin Oncol Nurs. 2020 Oct;36(5):151075.
• Purdy GM, Sobierajski FM, Dolgoy ND, McNeely ML. Evaluating implementation and pragmatism of cancer-specific exercise programs: a scoping review. J Cancer Surviv. 2021 Mar 31.
• Campbell KL, Winters-Stone KM, Wiskemann J, May AM, Schwartz AL, Courneya KS, et al. Exercise guidelines for cancer survivors: consensus statement from international multidisciplinary roundtable. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2019 Nov;51(11):2375-2390.
• Madzima TA, Deaterly CD. Body composition, metabolism, and ınflammation in breast cancer survivors and healthy age-matched controls: a cross-sectional analysis. Int J Exerc Sci. 2020 Aug 1;13(3):1108-1119.
• Villaseñor A, Ballard-Barbash R, Baumgartner K, Baumgartner R, Bernstein L, McTiernan A, et al. Prevalence and prognostic effect of sarcopenia in breast cancer survivors: the HEAL Study. J Cancer Surviv. 2012 Dec;6(4):398-406.
• Benavides-Rodríguez L, García-Hermoso A, Rodrigues-Bezerra D, Izquierdo M, Correa-Bautista JE, Ramírez-Vélez R. Relationship between handgrip strength and muscle mass in female survivors of breast cancer: A mediation analysis. Nutrients. 2017 Jul 4;9(7):695.
• Caan BJ, Feliciano EMC, Prado CM, Alexeeff S, Kroenke CH, Bradshaw P, et al. Association of muscle and adiposity measured by computed tomography with survival in patients with nonmetastatic breast cancer. JAMA Oncol. 2018 Jun 1;4(6):798-804.
• Deluche E, Leobon S, Desport JC, Venat-Bouvet L, Usseglio J, Tubiana- Mathieu N. Impact of body composition on outcome in patients with early breast cancer. Support Care Cancer. 2018 Mar;26(3):861-868.
• Zhang X-M, Dou Q-L, Zeng Y, Yang Y, Cheng AS, Zhang WW. Sarcopenia as a predictor of mortality in women with breast cancer: a meta-analysis and systematic review. BMC Cancer. 2020 Mar 4;20(1):172.
• Artese A, Simonavice E, Madzima T, Kim JS, Arjmandi B, Ilich J, et al. Body composition and bone mineral density in breast cancer survivors and non‐cancer controls: A 12‐to 15‐month follow‐up. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl). 2018 Mar;27(2):e12824.
• Rossi F, Valdora F, Bignotti B, Torri L, Succio G, Tagliafico AS, et al. Evaluation of body computed tomography-determined sarcopenia in breast cancer patients and clinical outcomes: a systematic review. Cancer Treat Res Commun. 2019;21:100154
• Aleixo G, Williams G, Nyrop K, Muss H, Shachar SS. Muscle composition and outcomes in patients with breast cancer: meta-analysis and systematic review. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2019 Oct;177(3):569-579.
• Ueno A, Yamaguchi K, Sudo M, Imai S. Sarcopenia as a risk factor of severe laboratory adverse events in breast cancer patients receiving perioperative epirubicin plus cyclophosphamide therapy. Support Care Cancer. 2020 Sep;28(9):4249-4254.
• Idorn M, Thor Straten P. Exercise and cancer: from “healthy” to “therapeutic”? Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2017 May;66(5):667-671.
• Mills III RC. Breast cancer survivors, common markers of inflammation, and exercise: a narrative review. Breast Cancer (Auckl). 2017 Nov 24;11:1178223417743976
• Jiang M, Ma Y, Yun B, Wang Q, Huang C, Han L. Exercise for fatigue in breast cancer patients: an umbrella review of systematic reviews. Int J Nurs Sci. 2020 Mar 10;7(2):248-254.
• Soares Falcetta F, de Araújo Vianna Träsel H, de Almeida FK, Rangel Ribeiro Falcetta M, Falavigna M, Dornelles Rosa D. Effects of physical exercise after treatment of early breast cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2018 Aug;170(3):455-476.
• Maginador G, Lixandrão ME, Bortolozo HI, Vechin FC, Sarian LO, Derchain S, et al. Aerobic exercise-ınduced changes in cardiorespiratory fitness in breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancers (Basel). 2020 Aug 11;12(8):2240.
• de Jesus Leite MAF, Puga GM, Arantes FJ, Oliveira CJF, Cunha LM, Bortolini MJS, et al. Effects of combined and resistance training on the inflammatory profile in breast cancer survivors: a systematic review. Complement Ther Med. 2018 Feb;36:73-81.
• Möller UO, Beck I, Rydén L, Malmström M. A comprehensive approach to rehabilitation interventions following breast cancer treatment-a systematic review of systematic reviews. BMC Cancer. 2019 May 20;19(1):472.
• Zhang X, Li Y, Liu D. Effects of exercise on the quality of life in breast cancer patients: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Support Care Cancer. 2019 Jan;27(1):9-21.
• Effa CJ, Dolgoy ND, McNeely ML. Resistance exercise and art therapy on body ımage in breast cancer: a scoping review. Womens Health Rep (New Rochelle). 2020 Sep 28;1(1):424-435.
• Hong F, Ye W, Kuo C-H, Zhang Y, Qian Y, Korivi M. Exercise intervention improves clinical outcomes, but the “time of session” is crucial for better quality of life in breast cancer survivors: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Cancers (Basel). 2019 May 22;11(5):706.
• Sánchez‐Lastra MA, Torres J, Martínez‐Lemos I, Ayán C. Nordic walking for women with breast cancer: a systematic review. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl). 2019 Nov;28(6):e13130.
• Lu G, Zheng J, Zhang L. The effect of exercise on aromatase inhibitor-induced musculoskeletal symptoms in breast cancer survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Support Care Cancer. 2020 Apr;28(4):1587-1596.
• Montaño-Rojas LS, Romero-Pérez EM, Medina-Pérez C, Reguera- García M, de Paz JA. Resistance training in breast cancer survivors: a systematic review of exercise programs. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Sep 7;17(18):6511.
• Adams SC, Segal RJ, McKenzie DC, Vallerand JR, Morielli AR, Mackey JR, et al. Impact of resistance and aerobic exercise on sarcopenia and dynapenia in breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2016 Aug;158(3):497-507.
• Dieli-Conwright CM, Courneya KS, Demark-Wahnefried W, Sami N, Lee K, Buchanan TA, et al. Effects of aerobic and resistance exercise on metabolic syndrome, sarcopenic obesity, and circulating biomarkers in overweight or obese survivors of breast cancer: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Oncol. 2018 Mar 20;36(9):875-883.
• Demark-Wahnefried W, Case LD, Blackwell K, Marcom PK, Kraus W, Aziz N, et al. Results of a diet/exercise feasibility trial to prevent adverse body composition change in breast cancer patients on adjuvant chemotherapy. Clin Breast Cancer. 2008 Feb;8(1):70-9.
• Winters-Stone K, Dobek J, Nail L, Bennett J, Leo M, Torgrimson-Ojerio B, et al. Impact+ resistance training improves bone health and body composition in prematurely menopausal breast cancer survivors: a randomized controlled trial. Osteoporos Int. 2013 May;24(5):1637-46.
• de Paulo TR, Winters-Stone KM, Viezel J, Rossi FE, Simões RR, Tosello G, et al. Effects of resistance plus aerobic training on body composition and metabolic markers in older breast cancer survivors undergoing aromatase inhibitor therapy. Exp Gerontol. 2018 Oct 1;111:210-217.
• Mascherini G, Tosi B, Giannelli C, Ermini E, Osti L, Galanti G. Adjuvant therapy reduces fat mass loss during exercise prescription in breast cancer survivors. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2020 Jul 15;5(3):49.
• Demark‐Wahnefried W, Rogers LQ, Gibson JT, Harada S, Frugé AD, Oster RA, et al. Randomized trial of weight loss in primary breast cancer: impact on body composition, circulating biomarkers and tumor characteristics. Int J Cancer. 2020 May 15;146(10):2784-2796.