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COVİD-19 TANILI BİREYLERİN KARANTİNA SÜRECİNDE ALGILADIKLARI SOSYAL DESTEĞİN YALNIZLIĞA ETKİSİ

Year 2023, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 1655 - 1667, 16.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.33715/inonusaglik.1161748

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Covid-19 tanılı bireylerin karantina sürecinde algıladıkları sosyal desteğin yalnızlığa etkisini belirlemektir. Kesitsel türdeki bu araştırmaya 231 Covid–19 tanılı birey dâhil edildi. Araştırma beş aile sağlığı merkezinde Ocak-Şubat 2021 tarihleri arasında yürütüldü. “Tanıtıcı Özellikler Formu”, “Çok Boyutlu Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeği (ÇBASDÖ)” ve “UCLA-Yalnızlık Ölçeği (UCLA-YÖ)” verilerin toplanmasında kullanıldı. Veriler online anket yöntemiyle toplandı. Bireylerin ÇBASD ve UCLA-YÖ toplam puan ortalamaları sırasıyla 55.51±19.02, 46.78±13.04 olarak bulundu. ÇBASD ölçeği ile UCLA-YÖ arasında negatif yönlü güçlü bir ilişki saptandı (r=-0.730; p<0.05). Ayrıca, regresyon analizi sonucunda, algılanan sosyal desteğin yalnızlığı %53 oranında yordadığı belirlendi. Araştırmada bireylerin algıladıkları sosyal desteğin ve yalnızlıklarının orta düzey olduğu tespit edildi. Bireylerin algılanan sosyal destek düzeyinin artmasıyla yalnızlık düzeylerinin de azaldığı söylenebilir. Ayrıca, karantina sürecinde Covid-19 tanılı bireylerin algıladıkları sosyal destek yalnızlık düzeylerini etkileyebilir.

References

  • American Psychological Association. (2020. March 18). Covid-19 isn’t just a danger to older people’s physical health. Retrieved from https:// www.apa.org/news/apa/2020/03/covid-19-danger-physical-health
  • Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S. ve Greenberg, N. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: Rapid review of the evidence. The Lancet, 395(10227), 919–920. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8
  • Bu, F., Steptoe, A. ve Fancourt, D. (2020). Who is lonely in lockdown? Cross-cohort analyses of predictors of loneliness before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. Publ Health, 186, 31–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2020.06.036
  • Chou, W. P., Wang, P. W., Chen, S. L., Chang, Y. P., Wu, C. F. ve Lu, W. H. (2020). Voluntary reduction of social interaction during the covid-19 pandemic in Taiwan: related factors and association with perceived social support. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17, 8039. https://doi:10.3390/ijerph17218039
  • Consonni, M., Tlesca, A., Dalla Bella, E., Bersano, E. ve Laurla, G. (2021). Amyotrophic lateral sclerosisi patients’ and caregivers’ distress and loneliness during COVID-19 lockdown. Journal of Neurology, 268(2), 420-423. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-020-10080-6
  • Çelik, Ş. ve Avşar, G. (2022). Covid-19 Pandemi döneminde bireyler tarafından algılanan sosyal destek anksiyete düzeyini ne kadar etkiliyor?. MAS Journal of Applied Sciences, 7(3), 617-629. http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6791762
  • Çeti̇n, C. ve Anuk, Ö. (2020). Covid-19 pandemi sürecinde yalnızlık ve psikolojik dayanıklılık: bir kamu üniversitesi öğrencileri örneklemi. Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2, 170-189. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/asead/issue/54658/733121
  • Dağlı, D. A., Büyükbayram, A. ve Arabacı. L. B. (2020). A psychosocial approach on patients diagnosed with covid-19 and their families. İzmir Katip Çelebi University Faculty of Health Science Journal, 5(2), 191-195. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ikcusbfd/issue/55773/745651
  • Demir, A. (1989). UCLA yalnızlık ölçeğinin geçerlik ve güvenirliği. Psikoloji Dergisi, 7, 14-18.
  • Eker, D., Arkar, H. ve Yaldız, H. (2001). Factorial structure. validity. and reliability of revised form of the multidimensional scale of perceived social support. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry, 12(1), 17-25.
  • Folk, D., Okabe-Miyamoto, K., Dunn, E. ve Lyubomirsky, S. (2020). Have introverts or extraverts declined in social connection during the first wave of COVID-19? The role of extraversion. Collabra: Psychology, 6(1), 37.
  • Grey I., Arora, T., Thomas, J., Tohme, P. ve Abi-Habib, R. (2020). The role of perceived social support on depression and sleep during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychiatry Research, 293, 113452.
  • Grossman, S. E., Hoffman, S. G. Y., Palgi, Y. ve Shrira, A. (2021). COVID-19 related loneliness and sleep problems in older adults: Worries and resilience as potential moderators. Personality and Individual Difference, 168, 110371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110371
  • Gubler, D. A., Makowski, L. M. ve Troche, S. J. (2021). Loneliness and well-being during the covid-19 pandemic: Associations with personality and emotion regulation. J Happiness Stud, 22(5), 2323-2342.
  • Holmes, E. A., O’Connor, R. C., Perry, V. H., Tracey, I., Wessely, S. ve Arseneault, L. (2020). Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: A call for action for mental health science. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(6), 547-560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.007.
  • Killgore, W. D. S., Cloonan, S. A., Taylor, E. C. ve Dailey, N. S. (2020). Loneliness: a signature mental health concern in the era of COVID-19. Psychiatr. Res, 290, 113-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113117
  • Killgore, W. D. S., Taylor, E. C., Cloonan, S. A. ve Dailey, N. S. (2020). Psychological resilience during the covid-19 lockdown. Psychiatry Res, 291, 113216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113216.
  • Labrague, L. J., De los Santos, J. A. A. ve Falguera, C. (2021). Social and emotional loneliness among college students during the covid-19 pandemic: the predictive role of coping behaviours. social support. and personal resilience. Reserach Square, 57(4), 1578-1584. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-93878/v1
  • Lee, C. M., Cadigan, J. M. ve Rhew, I. C. (2020). Increases in loneliness among young adults during the covid -19 pandemic and association with increases in mental health problems. Journal of Adolescent Health, 67, 714-717. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.08.009
  • Li, Z. L. ve Wang, S. (2020). Prevalence and predictors of general psychiatric disorders and loneliness during covid-19 in the United Kingdom. Psychiatry Research, 291(11), 3267.
  • Lin, S., Liu, D., Niu, G. ve Longobardi, C. (2020). Active social network sites use and loneliness: The mediating role of social support and self-esteem. Current Psychology, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-00658-8
  • Losada-Baltar, A., Jiménez-Gonzalo, L., Gallego-Alberto, L., Pedroso-Chaparro, M. D. S., Fernandes-Pires, J. ve Márquez-González, M. (2021). “We’re staying at home”. Association of self-perceptions of aging. personal and family resources and loneliness with psychological distress during the lock-down period of COVID-19. The Journals of Gerontology, 76(2), 10-16. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaa048
  • Luchetti, M., Lee, J. H., Aschwanden, D., Sesker, A,. Strickhouser, J. E. ve Terracciano, A. (2020). The trajectory of loneliness in response to covid-19. American Psychologist, 75(7), 897-908.
  • Macdonald, B. ve Hülür, G. (2021). Well-Being and loneliness in swiss older adults during the covid-19 pandemic: the role of social relationships. The Gerontologist, 61(2), 240-250. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnaa194
  • Miller, G. (2020). Social distancing prevents infections. but it can have unintended consequences. Science. Advance. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abb7506
  • Özmete., E. ve Pak, M. (2020). The Relationship between anxiety levels and perceived social support during the pandemic of covid-19 in Turkey. Social Work in Public Health, 35(7), 603-616. https://doi:10.1080/19371918.2020.1808144
  • Parlapani, E., Holeva, V., Nikopoulou, V. A., Sereslis, K., Athanasiadou, M., Godosidis, A., Stephanou, T. ve Diakogiannis, I. (2020). Intolerance of uncertainty and loneliness in older adults during the covid-19 pandemic. Front Psychiatry, 11, 842. https://doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00842
  • Paykani, T., Zimet, G. D., Esmaeili, R., Khajedaluee, A. R. ve Khajedaluee, M. (2020). Perceived social support and compliance with stay-at-home orders during the covid-19 outbreak: evidence from Iran. BMC Public Health, 20, 1650. https:// doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09759-2.
  • Russell, D., Peplau, L. A. ve Cutrona, C. E. (1980). The revised UCLA loneliness scale: Concurrent and discriminant validity evidence. J Pers Soc Psychol, 39, 472-480.
  • Santini, Z. I., Jose, P. E., Cornwell, E. Y., Koyanagi, A., Nielsen, L. ve Hinrichsen, C. (2020). Social disconnectedness. perceived isolation. and symptoms of depression and anxiety among older Americans (NSHAP): A longitudinal mediation analysis. Lancet Public Health, 5(1), 62-70.
  • Tilburg, T. G. V., Steinmetz, S., Stolte, E., Roest, H. V. D. ve Vries, D. H. (2020). Loneliness and mental health during the covid-19 pandemic: A study among dutch older adults. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci,
  • Tso, F. I. ve Par, S. (2020). Alarming levels of psychiatric symptoms and the role of loneliness during the covid-19 epidemic: A case study of Hong Kong. Psychiatry Research, 293, 113423.
  • Wong, S. Y. S., Zhang, D., Sit, R. W. S., Yip, B. H. K., Chung, R. Y. N. ve Wong, C. K. M. (2020). Impact of covid-19 on loneliness. mental health. and health service utilisation: A prospective cohort study of older adults with multimorbidity in primary care. British Journal of General Practice, 70(700), 817-824.
  • Xiao, H., Zhang, Y., Kong, D., Li, S. ve Yang, N. (2020). The effects of social support on sleep quality of medical staff treating patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in January and February 2020 in China. Med Sci Monit, 26, 923549. https://doi:10.12659/msm.923549.
  • Zimet, G. D., Dahlem, N. W. ve Zimet, S. G. (1988). The multidimensional scale of perceived social support. J Pers Assess, 52, 30-41.

The Effect of Perceived Social Support on Loneliness in Individuals with Covid-19 during Lockdown Period

Year 2023, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 1655 - 1667, 16.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.33715/inonusaglik.1161748

Abstract

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of perceived social support on loneliness in individuals diagnosed with Covid-19 during lockdown period. This cross-sectional type study included 231 individuals diagnosed with Covid-19. The study was conducted in five family health center between January and February 2021. ‘Descriptive Characteristics Form’, ‘Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS)’, and ‘UCLA Loneliness Scale (UCLA-LS)’ were used to collect the data. The data were collected by using an online survey method. The total mean MSPSS and UCLA-LS scores were found to be 55.51±19.02, 46.78±13.04, respectively. There was a statistically negative and strong correlation between MSPSS and UCLA-LS total mean scores (p˂0.05. r=-0.730). Furthermore, as a result of the regression analysis, it was determined that perceived social support predicted loneliness at a rate 53%. In the study, it was found that the individuals had moderate level of perceived social support and loneliness. It can be said that as perceived social support level of individuals increases, their loneliness level also decreases. Furthermore, the level of perceived social support of individuals diagnosed with Covid-19 during lockdown period may affect their loneliness levels.

References

  • American Psychological Association. (2020. March 18). Covid-19 isn’t just a danger to older people’s physical health. Retrieved from https:// www.apa.org/news/apa/2020/03/covid-19-danger-physical-health
  • Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S. ve Greenberg, N. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: Rapid review of the evidence. The Lancet, 395(10227), 919–920. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8
  • Bu, F., Steptoe, A. ve Fancourt, D. (2020). Who is lonely in lockdown? Cross-cohort analyses of predictors of loneliness before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. Publ Health, 186, 31–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2020.06.036
  • Chou, W. P., Wang, P. W., Chen, S. L., Chang, Y. P., Wu, C. F. ve Lu, W. H. (2020). Voluntary reduction of social interaction during the covid-19 pandemic in Taiwan: related factors and association with perceived social support. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17, 8039. https://doi:10.3390/ijerph17218039
  • Consonni, M., Tlesca, A., Dalla Bella, E., Bersano, E. ve Laurla, G. (2021). Amyotrophic lateral sclerosisi patients’ and caregivers’ distress and loneliness during COVID-19 lockdown. Journal of Neurology, 268(2), 420-423. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-020-10080-6
  • Çelik, Ş. ve Avşar, G. (2022). Covid-19 Pandemi döneminde bireyler tarafından algılanan sosyal destek anksiyete düzeyini ne kadar etkiliyor?. MAS Journal of Applied Sciences, 7(3), 617-629. http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6791762
  • Çeti̇n, C. ve Anuk, Ö. (2020). Covid-19 pandemi sürecinde yalnızlık ve psikolojik dayanıklılık: bir kamu üniversitesi öğrencileri örneklemi. Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2, 170-189. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/asead/issue/54658/733121
  • Dağlı, D. A., Büyükbayram, A. ve Arabacı. L. B. (2020). A psychosocial approach on patients diagnosed with covid-19 and their families. İzmir Katip Çelebi University Faculty of Health Science Journal, 5(2), 191-195. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ikcusbfd/issue/55773/745651
  • Demir, A. (1989). UCLA yalnızlık ölçeğinin geçerlik ve güvenirliği. Psikoloji Dergisi, 7, 14-18.
  • Eker, D., Arkar, H. ve Yaldız, H. (2001). Factorial structure. validity. and reliability of revised form of the multidimensional scale of perceived social support. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry, 12(1), 17-25.
  • Folk, D., Okabe-Miyamoto, K., Dunn, E. ve Lyubomirsky, S. (2020). Have introverts or extraverts declined in social connection during the first wave of COVID-19? The role of extraversion. Collabra: Psychology, 6(1), 37.
  • Grey I., Arora, T., Thomas, J., Tohme, P. ve Abi-Habib, R. (2020). The role of perceived social support on depression and sleep during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychiatry Research, 293, 113452.
  • Grossman, S. E., Hoffman, S. G. Y., Palgi, Y. ve Shrira, A. (2021). COVID-19 related loneliness and sleep problems in older adults: Worries and resilience as potential moderators. Personality and Individual Difference, 168, 110371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110371
  • Gubler, D. A., Makowski, L. M. ve Troche, S. J. (2021). Loneliness and well-being during the covid-19 pandemic: Associations with personality and emotion regulation. J Happiness Stud, 22(5), 2323-2342.
  • Holmes, E. A., O’Connor, R. C., Perry, V. H., Tracey, I., Wessely, S. ve Arseneault, L. (2020). Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: A call for action for mental health science. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(6), 547-560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.007.
  • Killgore, W. D. S., Cloonan, S. A., Taylor, E. C. ve Dailey, N. S. (2020). Loneliness: a signature mental health concern in the era of COVID-19. Psychiatr. Res, 290, 113-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113117
  • Killgore, W. D. S., Taylor, E. C., Cloonan, S. A. ve Dailey, N. S. (2020). Psychological resilience during the covid-19 lockdown. Psychiatry Res, 291, 113216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113216.
  • Labrague, L. J., De los Santos, J. A. A. ve Falguera, C. (2021). Social and emotional loneliness among college students during the covid-19 pandemic: the predictive role of coping behaviours. social support. and personal resilience. Reserach Square, 57(4), 1578-1584. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-93878/v1
  • Lee, C. M., Cadigan, J. M. ve Rhew, I. C. (2020). Increases in loneliness among young adults during the covid -19 pandemic and association with increases in mental health problems. Journal of Adolescent Health, 67, 714-717. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.08.009
  • Li, Z. L. ve Wang, S. (2020). Prevalence and predictors of general psychiatric disorders and loneliness during covid-19 in the United Kingdom. Psychiatry Research, 291(11), 3267.
  • Lin, S., Liu, D., Niu, G. ve Longobardi, C. (2020). Active social network sites use and loneliness: The mediating role of social support and self-esteem. Current Psychology, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-00658-8
  • Losada-Baltar, A., Jiménez-Gonzalo, L., Gallego-Alberto, L., Pedroso-Chaparro, M. D. S., Fernandes-Pires, J. ve Márquez-González, M. (2021). “We’re staying at home”. Association of self-perceptions of aging. personal and family resources and loneliness with psychological distress during the lock-down period of COVID-19. The Journals of Gerontology, 76(2), 10-16. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaa048
  • Luchetti, M., Lee, J. H., Aschwanden, D., Sesker, A,. Strickhouser, J. E. ve Terracciano, A. (2020). The trajectory of loneliness in response to covid-19. American Psychologist, 75(7), 897-908.
  • Macdonald, B. ve Hülür, G. (2021). Well-Being and loneliness in swiss older adults during the covid-19 pandemic: the role of social relationships. The Gerontologist, 61(2), 240-250. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnaa194
  • Miller, G. (2020). Social distancing prevents infections. but it can have unintended consequences. Science. Advance. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abb7506
  • Özmete., E. ve Pak, M. (2020). The Relationship between anxiety levels and perceived social support during the pandemic of covid-19 in Turkey. Social Work in Public Health, 35(7), 603-616. https://doi:10.1080/19371918.2020.1808144
  • Parlapani, E., Holeva, V., Nikopoulou, V. A., Sereslis, K., Athanasiadou, M., Godosidis, A., Stephanou, T. ve Diakogiannis, I. (2020). Intolerance of uncertainty and loneliness in older adults during the covid-19 pandemic. Front Psychiatry, 11, 842. https://doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00842
  • Paykani, T., Zimet, G. D., Esmaeili, R., Khajedaluee, A. R. ve Khajedaluee, M. (2020). Perceived social support and compliance with stay-at-home orders during the covid-19 outbreak: evidence from Iran. BMC Public Health, 20, 1650. https:// doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09759-2.
  • Russell, D., Peplau, L. A. ve Cutrona, C. E. (1980). The revised UCLA loneliness scale: Concurrent and discriminant validity evidence. J Pers Soc Psychol, 39, 472-480.
  • Santini, Z. I., Jose, P. E., Cornwell, E. Y., Koyanagi, A., Nielsen, L. ve Hinrichsen, C. (2020). Social disconnectedness. perceived isolation. and symptoms of depression and anxiety among older Americans (NSHAP): A longitudinal mediation analysis. Lancet Public Health, 5(1), 62-70.
  • Tilburg, T. G. V., Steinmetz, S., Stolte, E., Roest, H. V. D. ve Vries, D. H. (2020). Loneliness and mental health during the covid-19 pandemic: A study among dutch older adults. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci,
  • Tso, F. I. ve Par, S. (2020). Alarming levels of psychiatric symptoms and the role of loneliness during the covid-19 epidemic: A case study of Hong Kong. Psychiatry Research, 293, 113423.
  • Wong, S. Y. S., Zhang, D., Sit, R. W. S., Yip, B. H. K., Chung, R. Y. N. ve Wong, C. K. M. (2020). Impact of covid-19 on loneliness. mental health. and health service utilisation: A prospective cohort study of older adults with multimorbidity in primary care. British Journal of General Practice, 70(700), 817-824.
  • Xiao, H., Zhang, Y., Kong, D., Li, S. ve Yang, N. (2020). The effects of social support on sleep quality of medical staff treating patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in January and February 2020 in China. Med Sci Monit, 26, 923549. https://doi:10.12659/msm.923549.
  • Zimet, G. D., Dahlem, N. W. ve Zimet, S. G. (1988). The multidimensional scale of perceived social support. J Pers Assess, 52, 30-41.
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Clinical Sciences
Journal Section Araştırma Makalesi
Authors

Tülay Yıldırım Üşenmez 0000-0002-9979-9654

Early Pub Date October 10, 2023
Publication Date October 16, 2023
Submission Date August 13, 2022
Acceptance Date June 13, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 11 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Yıldırım Üşenmez, T. (2023). COVİD-19 TANILI BİREYLERİN KARANTİNA SÜRECİNDE ALGILADIKLARI SOSYAL DESTEĞİN YALNIZLIĞA ETKİSİ. İnönü Üniversitesi Sağlık Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksek Okulu Dergisi, 11(3), 1655-1667. https://doi.org/10.33715/inonusaglik.1161748