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Konut Politikalarında Eşitsiz Benzerlik Türkiye ve İngiltere’nin Kamusal Aktörleri

Year 2020, Volume: 10 Issue: 4, 445 - 469, 15.12.2020

Abstract

Neoliberalizmin sonuçları açısından her ülkenin kendine has bir tecrübesi kadar benzerliklerinin de söz konusu oluşu, ekonomi temelli ve geniş alanlara yayılan bir hareketin pratiklerini çözümlemek açısından önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışma Türkiye’de TOKİ ve İngiltere’de RTB konut politikaları incelenerek neoliberalizmin konut sektöründeki pratiğe yansımalarını kiracı ve ev sahipleri dolayımında benzerlikler ve farklılıklar üzerinden ele almayı hedeflemektedir. Bu iki grubun incelenmesi, konut sorunundaki eşitsizlik dinamiklerini tanımlaya imkân vermektedir. Çalışmada, eşitsizlik ve konut politikaları arasındaki ilişki nedir ve neoliberal konut politikalarının kiracı ve ev sahipleri arasındaki eşitsizlik üretimi açısından ülkelere göre benzer ve farklı sonuçları nelerdir sorularına cevap aranacaktır. Bu amaçla mevcut literatür incelenirken ikincil verilerin analizi (resmî ve özel sektör eliyle oluşturulan istatistikler) yöntemi de kullanılacaktır. Sonuç olarak neoliberalizm farklı ülkelerde, farklı politik ve kültürel çevrelerde uygulanıyor olsa bile derinleştirdiği eşitsizlikte ortaklaşması, Türkiye ve İngiltere konut politikaları örnekleri (TOKİ ve RTB) ile ortaya konulmuştur. Zira en başat gösterge olarak orta ve alt gelir gruplarının konut edinimini kolaylaştırmayı ve artırmayı hedeflediğini iddia eden neoliberal konut politikalarının uygulamada olduğu yıllarda mevcut kiracı sayısı genel olarak artış eğiliminde olmuştur.

References

  • Aalbers, M.B. (2012). Privatisation of social housing, in Smith. M. Elsinga ve S. J. Smith (Ed.). International Encyclopaedia of housing and home içinde (ss. 433-438). London: Elsevier Science.
  • Aydın, Y. (2020), Impacts of second homeownership for mixed neighbourhoods. Külliye, 1(1), 24-41.
  • Beck, U. (2000). What is globalization? Cambridge: Polity.
  • Blanco, I., Griggs, S. ve Sullivan, H. (2014). Situating the local in the neoliberalisation and transformation of urban governance. Urban Studies, 51(15), 3129-3146.
  • Brenner, N. ve Theodore, N. (2002). Cities as the geographies of “actually existing neoliberalism”. Antipode, 34(3), 349-379.
  • Brenner, N., Peck, J. ve Theodore, N. (2010). After neoliberalization? Globalizations, 7(3), 327-345.
  • Copley, T. AM. (2019). Right to buy wrong for London: The impact of right to buy on London`s social housing. London: Greater London Authority
  • Copley, T. A M. (2014). From right to buy to buy to let. London: Greater London Authority.
  • Crow, G. (2002). Social solidarities: Theories, identities and social change. London: Open University Press.
  • Davies, W. (2017). The limits of neoliberalism: Authority, sovereignty and the logic of competition (2. Baskı). London: Sage Publications.
  • Dawes, S. (2020) Contextualizing Neoliberalism: An Interview with Jamie Peck. Dawes, S. ve Lnoemand, M. (Ed.). Neoliberalism in Context Governance, Subjectivity, and Knowledge içinde (ss. 289-307). Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Disney, R. ve Luo, G. (2017). The right to buy public housing in Britain: A welfare analysis. Journal of Housing Economics, 35, 51-68.
  • Esping-Andersen, G. (1996). Welfare states without work: The impasse of labour shedding and familialism in continental European social policy. G. Esping-Andersen (Ed.). Welfare states in transition içinde (ss. 66-87). London: Sage.
  • Gür, M. A. ve Dostoğlu N. T. (2010). Bursa’daki alt ve orta gelire yönelik TOKİ konutlarında memnuniyet araştırması. Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 15(2), 139-152.
  • Harvey, D. (1989). The condition of postmodernity: An enquiry into the origins of cultural change. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Harvey, D. (2005). A brief history of neoliberalism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Hodkinson, S., Watt, P. ve Mooney, G. (2012). Introduction: Neoliberal housing policy-time for a critical re-appraisal. Critical Social Policy, 33(1), 3-16.
  • İspir, E. G. (1991). Şehirleşme ve meseleleri. Ankara: Gazi Büro Yayınları.
  • Keleş, R. (2017). Kentleşme politikaları (16. Baskı). Ankara: İmge Kitapevi.
  • Kratke, S. (2014). Cities in contemporary capitalism. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 38(5), 1660-1677.
  • Mallett, S. (2004). Understanding home: A critical review of the literature. The Sociological Review, 52(1), 62-89.
  • Murie, A. (2015). The right to buy: History and prospect. http://www.historyandpolicy.org/policy-papers/papers/theright-to-buy-history-and-prospect adresinden 01.06.2020 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • Peck, J. ve Tickell A. (2002). Neoliberalizng space. Antipode, 34(3), 380-404.
  • Peck, J. (2004). Geography and public policy: Constructions of neoliberalism. Progress in Human Geography, 28(3), 392-405.
  • Robinson, J. (2013). 2010: Urban geography plenary lecture the travels of urban neoliberalism: Taking Stock of the internationalization of urban theory. Urban Geography, 32(8), 1087-1109.
  • Sager, T. (2011). Neo-Liberal urban planning policies: A literature survey 1990-2010. Progress in Planning, 76, 147- 199.
  • Saunders, P. (1990). A nation of home owners. London: Unwin Hyman.
  • Saunders, P. (2016). Restoring a nation of home owners. London: Civitas.
  • Şengül, H. T. (2001). Kentsel çelişki ve siyaset: Kapitalist kentleşme süreçleri üzerine yazılar. İstanbul: Demokrasi Kitaplığı.
  • Tekeli, İ. (2009). Modernizm, modernite ve Türkiye’nin kent planlama tarihi. İstanbul: Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları.
  • TOKİ Kurumsal. (2016). Kurumsal. TOKİ: Rapor. https://www.toki.gov.tr/content/images/main-pageslider/16012017212815-pdf.pdf adresinden 15.06.2020 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası-TCMB. (2019). Konut fiyat endeksi. https://www.tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/ connect/TR/TCMB+TR/Main+Menu/Istatistikler/Reel+Sektor+Istatistikleri/Konut+Fiyat+Endeksi/ adresinden 25.05.2020 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • Zukin, S. (1995). The cultures of cities. Willey-Blackwell.

Similar Inequalities in Housing Policies: Turkey and the UK’s Public Actors

Year 2020, Volume: 10 Issue: 4, 445 - 469, 15.12.2020

Abstract

In terms of the results of neoliberalizm, the existence of similarities as well as the unique experience of each country is important for analysing the practices of an economy-based and widespread movement. In this study, TOKI in Turkey and RTB in England housing policies, examining the practical implications of neoliberalizm in the housing sector. The similarities and differences of tenants and landlords will be handled through mediation examples. Examining these two groups allows to define the dynamics of inequality in the housing problem. In the study, what is the relationship between inequality and housing policies and what are the similar and different consequences of neoliberal housing policies in terms of the production of inequality between tenants and landlords by country will be answered. For this purpose, while examining the current literature, the analysis of secondary data (statistics created by the official and private sector) method was used. As a result, neoliberalizm is similar in the inequality it increases, even if it is practiced in different countries and in different political and cultural environments. In this case, examples of housing policy in the UK and Turkey (RTB and TOKI) were examined. Because the number of tenants has generally been in an increasing trend during the years when neoliberal housing policies were in effect, which claimed as the primary indicator to facilitate and increase housing acquisition by middle and lower income groups.

References

  • Aalbers, M.B. (2012). Privatisation of social housing, in Smith. M. Elsinga ve S. J. Smith (Ed.). International Encyclopaedia of housing and home içinde (ss. 433-438). London: Elsevier Science.
  • Aydın, Y. (2020), Impacts of second homeownership for mixed neighbourhoods. Külliye, 1(1), 24-41.
  • Beck, U. (2000). What is globalization? Cambridge: Polity.
  • Blanco, I., Griggs, S. ve Sullivan, H. (2014). Situating the local in the neoliberalisation and transformation of urban governance. Urban Studies, 51(15), 3129-3146.
  • Brenner, N. ve Theodore, N. (2002). Cities as the geographies of “actually existing neoliberalism”. Antipode, 34(3), 349-379.
  • Brenner, N., Peck, J. ve Theodore, N. (2010). After neoliberalization? Globalizations, 7(3), 327-345.
  • Copley, T. AM. (2019). Right to buy wrong for London: The impact of right to buy on London`s social housing. London: Greater London Authority
  • Copley, T. A M. (2014). From right to buy to buy to let. London: Greater London Authority.
  • Crow, G. (2002). Social solidarities: Theories, identities and social change. London: Open University Press.
  • Davies, W. (2017). The limits of neoliberalism: Authority, sovereignty and the logic of competition (2. Baskı). London: Sage Publications.
  • Dawes, S. (2020) Contextualizing Neoliberalism: An Interview with Jamie Peck. Dawes, S. ve Lnoemand, M. (Ed.). Neoliberalism in Context Governance, Subjectivity, and Knowledge içinde (ss. 289-307). Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Disney, R. ve Luo, G. (2017). The right to buy public housing in Britain: A welfare analysis. Journal of Housing Economics, 35, 51-68.
  • Esping-Andersen, G. (1996). Welfare states without work: The impasse of labour shedding and familialism in continental European social policy. G. Esping-Andersen (Ed.). Welfare states in transition içinde (ss. 66-87). London: Sage.
  • Gür, M. A. ve Dostoğlu N. T. (2010). Bursa’daki alt ve orta gelire yönelik TOKİ konutlarında memnuniyet araştırması. Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 15(2), 139-152.
  • Harvey, D. (1989). The condition of postmodernity: An enquiry into the origins of cultural change. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Harvey, D. (2005). A brief history of neoliberalism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Hodkinson, S., Watt, P. ve Mooney, G. (2012). Introduction: Neoliberal housing policy-time for a critical re-appraisal. Critical Social Policy, 33(1), 3-16.
  • İspir, E. G. (1991). Şehirleşme ve meseleleri. Ankara: Gazi Büro Yayınları.
  • Keleş, R. (2017). Kentleşme politikaları (16. Baskı). Ankara: İmge Kitapevi.
  • Kratke, S. (2014). Cities in contemporary capitalism. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 38(5), 1660-1677.
  • Mallett, S. (2004). Understanding home: A critical review of the literature. The Sociological Review, 52(1), 62-89.
  • Murie, A. (2015). The right to buy: History and prospect. http://www.historyandpolicy.org/policy-papers/papers/theright-to-buy-history-and-prospect adresinden 01.06.2020 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • Peck, J. ve Tickell A. (2002). Neoliberalizng space. Antipode, 34(3), 380-404.
  • Peck, J. (2004). Geography and public policy: Constructions of neoliberalism. Progress in Human Geography, 28(3), 392-405.
  • Robinson, J. (2013). 2010: Urban geography plenary lecture the travels of urban neoliberalism: Taking Stock of the internationalization of urban theory. Urban Geography, 32(8), 1087-1109.
  • Sager, T. (2011). Neo-Liberal urban planning policies: A literature survey 1990-2010. Progress in Planning, 76, 147- 199.
  • Saunders, P. (1990). A nation of home owners. London: Unwin Hyman.
  • Saunders, P. (2016). Restoring a nation of home owners. London: Civitas.
  • Şengül, H. T. (2001). Kentsel çelişki ve siyaset: Kapitalist kentleşme süreçleri üzerine yazılar. İstanbul: Demokrasi Kitaplığı.
  • Tekeli, İ. (2009). Modernizm, modernite ve Türkiye’nin kent planlama tarihi. İstanbul: Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları.
  • TOKİ Kurumsal. (2016). Kurumsal. TOKİ: Rapor. https://www.toki.gov.tr/content/images/main-pageslider/16012017212815-pdf.pdf adresinden 15.06.2020 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası-TCMB. (2019). Konut fiyat endeksi. https://www.tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/ connect/TR/TCMB+TR/Main+Menu/Istatistikler/Reel+Sektor+Istatistikleri/Konut+Fiyat+Endeksi/ adresinden 25.05.2020 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • Zukin, S. (1995). The cultures of cities. Willey-Blackwell.
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Urban Policy
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Yahya Aydın

Publication Date December 15, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 10 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Aydın, Y. (2020). Konut Politikalarında Eşitsiz Benzerlik Türkiye ve İngiltere’nin Kamusal Aktörleri. İnsan Ve Toplum, 10(4), 445-469.