Otizmli çocuklara egzersiz ve spor eğitimi yaklaşımları

Öz

Otizm yaşamın ilk 3 yılında gözlenen ve iletişim problemleri, sosyal etkileşim eksiklikleri ve yineleyeci/sınırlı ilgi ve davranışlarla karakterize edilen bir gelişimsel bozukluktur. Motor becerilerdeki yetersizliklerin otizm spekturum bozukluğunun bir tanı kriteri olmamasına rağmen, araştırmalar motor bozuklukların ve gecikmelerin otizmli olan çocuklarda görülme olasılığını ortaya koymuştur. Spor ve egzersizler motor hataları azaltmada ve sosyal bütünleşmeyi sağlamada yararlıdır. Fakat, bu yararlı etkilere rağmen, egzersiz ve spor etkinlikleri otizmli çocuklara yeterince sunulmamakta ve aile, öğretmenler ve diğer uzmanların otizmli çocukların günlük yaşam aktivitelerinde fiziksel aktivite uyarlamada zorluklar yaşadıkları gözlenmektedir. Bu çalışma, belirli yaşlardaki otizmli çocuklara hangi tür spor etkinliklerinin sunulabileceği, uygulanacak stratejiler ve uyarlanmış ölçme yöntemleri üzerine odaklanmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Otizm, egzersiz, spor, öğretim yöntemleri.

Approaches to the Teaching Exercise and Sports for the Children with Autism

Abstract

Autism is a developmental disorder that appears during the first three years of life and is characterized by communication problems, social interaction deficits and repetitive/ restricted interests and behaviors. Although a diagnosis criterion of autistic spectrum disorders does not involve incapacitating to cover motor skills, studies indicated that motor deficits and delays in children with autism are possible. Sports and exercise are useful in that they decrease these motor failures and provide social integration. However, although these useful effects, exercise and sports activities are not supplied enough for children with autism, and it is observed that family, teachers and other specialists have some difficulties in adapting physical activity in the daily life activities of children with autism. This article focuses on what type sports activities can be introduced to children of certain ages with autism, the strategies followed and the measures adopted.

Keywords

• Autism
• exercise
• sports
• teaching strategies.

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